Mathematical model for analysing the interplay between income, nutrition, and tuberculosis dynamics.

This paper presents a mathematical framework to investigate the impact of socio-economic factors, specifically income and nutrition on the transmission dynamics of TB. Inadequate nutrition, driven by the unaffordability of a healthy diet in low and middle income countries, is a major barrier to achieve the WHO's End Tuberculosis (TB) strategy. To address this issue, the authors have developed a compartmental model by incorporating transmission rate β̃(M), recovery rate γ̃(N), and TB-related mortality rate μ̃(N), as functions of income and nutrition levels.

Biomedical simulations of electroosmotic non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid (blood) with hematocrit viscosity through a porous overlapping irregular stenosed artery.

Inspired by the therapeutic possibilities of drug delivery in cardiovascular disease management, the authors' objective is to investigate the hemodynamic phenomenon during the electroosmotic flow of non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid through an artery featuring two types of stenosis (i) irregular and (ii) overlapping. In the present work, the authors have incorporated Ag-TiO as the hybrid nanoparticles in the blood and the Sutterby fluid is utilized to represent the non-Newtonian nature of the blood. Here, the authors' objective is to make the model more realistic for real life situation by considering a hematocrit-dependent blood viscosity which is due to the presence of RBCs in the blood.

Oral health disparities in the elderly: A study on access to dental care and its implications.

Elderly people encounter important dental health effects on their general well-being even though their access to dental services remains unequal. Seniors living in rural areas showed more tooth decay on dental examination with DMFT scores at 14.2 for of 300 seniors while urban seniors had scores at 9.

Exposure to Various Degrees and Durations of Hypobaric Hypoxia Causes a Reduction in Body Weight of Female Adult Rats.

Background: Hypobaric hypoxia refers to a condition where there is a decreased oxygen partial pressure in the air due to low atmospheric pressure. It is known to affect the metabolism, leading to increased basal metabolic rate, alterations in appetite, and changes in cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis. The effects of hypoxia on metabolism and weight loss are influenced by genetic factors, gender, and the duration and severity of exposure to hypoxia.

Molecular Prediction and Correlation of the Structure and Function of Universal Stress Protein A (UspA) from Salmonella Typhimurium.

Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause gastroenteritis in humans when they consume contaminated food or water. When exposed to various stressors, both from living organisms (biotic) and the environment (abiotic), Salmonella Typhimurium produces Universal Stress Proteins (USPs). These proteins are gaining recognition for their crucial role in bacterial stress resistance and the ability to enter a prolonged state of growth arrest.

Recurrence of Varicose Vein after Endovenous Laser Therapy in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Varicosity is the common problem of various etiology having simple limb aching to worst complications like oedema, ulcer, and skin changes. Minimal invasive endovenous laser therapy is a noble procedure. The aim of the study is to find out the recurrence of the varicose vein after laser therapy in a tertiary care center.

Thioredoxin regulates human mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase at physiologically-relevant concentrations.

3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase (MPST) catalyzes the desulfuration of 3-mercaptopyruvate (3-MP) and transfers sulfane sulfur from an enzyme-bound persulfide intermediate to thiophilic acceptors such as thioredoxin and cysteine. Hydrogen sulfide (HS), a signaling molecule implicated in many physiological processes, can be released from the persulfide product of the MPST reaction. Two splice variants of MPST, differing by 20 amino acids at the N terminus, give rise to the cytosolic MPST1 and mitochondrial MPST2 isoforms.

Prion protein transcription is auto-regulated through dynamic interactions with G-quadruplex motifs in its own promoter.

Cellular prion protein (PrP) misfolds into an aberrant and infectious scrapie form (PrP) that lead to fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Association of prions with G-quadruplex (GQ) forming nucleic acid motifs has been reported, but implications of these interactions remain elusive. Herein, we show that the promoter region of the human prion gene (PRNP) contains two putative GQ motifs (Q1 and Q2) that assume stable, hybrid, intra-molecular quadruplex structures and bind with high affinity to PrP.

Genome-Wide Analysis of HSP70 Family Protein in and Coexpression Analysis Under Abiotic and Biotic Stress.

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), a 70-kDa protein, also known as a molecular chaperone, is highly conserved. It plays a major role in cellular functions such as protein folding, regulation of protein degradation, translocation of proteins across membranes, receptor signaling, and protein assembly or disassembly. is an important legume crop with available whole-genome sequence, but no such study on the HSP70 family is reported.

VigSatDB: genome-wide microsatellite DNA marker database of three species of Vigna for germplasm characterization and improvement.

Genus Vigna represented by more than 100 species is a source of nutritious edible seeds and sprouts that are rich sources of protein and dietary supplements. It is further valuable because of therapeutic attributes due to its antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. A highly diverse and an extremely ecological niche of different species can be valuable genomic resources for productivity enhancement.

Utility of Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution in Major Surgeries in Rural Area: A Prospective Comparative Study from North India.

Introduction: Easy availability of autologous blood is difficult in rural areas. Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) has been found to be an effective alternative in major surgeries where we are expecting major blood loss.

Patients And Methods: A prospective comparative study was designed to evaluate the utility of ANH patients (patients receiving autologous blood) during major operations done at MRA Medical College Ambedkar Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Pattern of Pediatric Oncology Cases in the Western Region of Nepal.

Childhood cancers form a rare and heterogeneous group which fortunately have a higher cure rate than adult cancers. A few non-profit organizations in Nepal have extended support to help patients suffering from cancer, but their main focus has been on adults. The objective of this study was to establish the pattern of childhood cancers in the Western region of Nepal.

Development of transcriptome based web genomic resources of yellow mosaic disease in .

(Urdbean) is cultivated in the tropical and sub-tropical continental region of Asia. It is not only important source of dietary protein and nutritional elements, but also of immense value to human health due to medicinal properties. Yellow mosaic disease caused by Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus is known to incur huge loss to crop, adversely affecting crop yield.

Improved tag-switch method reveals that thioredoxin acts as depersulfidase and controls the intracellular levels of protein persulfidation.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) has emerged as a signalling molecule capable of regulating several important physiological functions such as blood pressure, neurotransmission and inflammation. The mechanisms behind these effects are still largely elusive and oxidative posttranslational modification of cysteine residues (protein persulfidation or -sulfhydration) has been proposed as the main pathway for HS-induced biological and pharmacological effects. As a signalling mechanism, persulfidation has to be controlled.

Prevalence and Association of Developmental Defects of Enamel with, Dental- Caries and Nutritional Status in Pre-School Children, Lucknow.

Background: Developmental Defects of Enamel in the primary dentition may be associated and predictors of dental caries and nutritional status. The aim of the present study was to assess the Prevalence of Developmental Defects of Enamel and its Association with, Dental-Caries and Nutritional Status in Pre-School Children of Lucknow, India.

Materials And Methods: Multistage Sampling was done.

Haemato-biochemical and oxidative status of buffaloes naturally infected with Trypanosoma evansi.

Blood samples were collected from 05 clinically healthy and 10 adult female water buffaloes naturally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Confirmation of disease free and infected status of buffaloes was made on clinical signs, observation of T. evansi parasites in the blood smear and duplex PCR based assay.

Organization of the human mitochondrial hydrogen sulfide oxidation pathway.

Sulfide oxidation is expected to play an important role in cellular switching between low steady-state intracellular hydrogen sulfide levels and the higher concentrations where the physiological effects are elicited. Yet despite its significance, fundamental questions regarding how the sulfide oxidation pathway is wired remain unanswered, and competing proposals exist that diverge at the very first step catalyzed by sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (SQR). We demonstrate that, in addition to sulfite, glutathione functions as a persulfide acceptor for human SQR and that rhodanese preferentially synthesizes rather than utilizes thiosulfate.

S-glutathionylation enhances human cystathionine β-synthase activity under oxidative stress conditions.

Aims: Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in the two-step trans-sulfuration pathway that converts homocysteine to cysteine. It is also one of three major enzymes responsible for the biogenesis of H2S, a signaling molecule. We have previously demonstrated that CBS is activated in cells challenged by oxidative stress, but the underlying molecular mechanism of this regulation has remained unclear.

Structure and kinetic analysis of H2S production by human mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase.

Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST) is a source of endogenous H2S, a gaseous signaling molecule implicated in a wide range of physiological processes. The contribution of MST versus the other two H2S generators, cystathionine β-synthase and γ-cystathionase, has been difficult to evaluate because many studies on MST have been conducted at high pH and have used varied reaction conditions. In this study, we have expressed, purified, and crystallized human MST in the presence of the substrate 3-mercaptopyruvate (3-MP).

Molecular modeling, dynamics studies and virtual screening of Fructose 1, 6 biphosphate aldolase-II in community acquired- methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA).

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has recently emerged as a nosocomial pathogen to the community which commonly causes skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs). This strain (MW2) has now become resistant to the most of the beta-lactam antibiotics; therefore it is the urgent need to identify the novel drug targets. Recently fructose 1,6 biphosphate aldolase-II (FBA) has been identified as potential drug target in CA-MRSA.

Detection of reaction intermediates during human cystathionine β-synthase-monitored turnover and H2S production.

Human cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), a novel heme-containing pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enzyme, catalyzes the condensation of homocysteine and serine or cysteine to produce cystathionine and H(2)O or H(2)S, respectively. The presence of heme in CBS has limited spectrophotometric characterization of reaction intermediates by masking the absorption of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate cofactor. In this study, we employed difference stopped-flow spectroscopy to characterize reaction intermediates formed under catalytic turnover conditions.

Potential therapeutic drug target identification in Community Acquired-Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) using computational analysis.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant strain of community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strain has highlighted the urgent need for the alternative and effective therapeutic approach to combat the menace of this nosocomial pathogen. In the present work novel potential therapeutic drug targets have been identified through the metabolic pathways analysis. All the gene products involved in different metabolic pathways of CA-MRSA in KEGG database were searched against the proteome of Homo sapiens using the BLASTp program and the threshold of E-value was set to as 0.

Allosteric communication between the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and heme sites in the H2S generator human cystathionine β-synthase.

Human cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is a unique pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that has a regulatory heme cofactor. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of Arg-266, a residue at the heme pocket end of α-helix 8, for communication between the heme and PLP sites. In this study, we have examined the role of the conserved Thr-257 and Thr-260 residues, located at the other end of α-helix 8 on the heme electronic environment and on activity.