Montelukast attenuated memory decline, neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative biomarkers in Aβ exposed model of alzheimer's disease in mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents major cognitive and memory decline in the elderly patients. Although Montelukast has traditionally been used for the treatment of asthma, its role in prevention of neuropathological changes and memory decline in AD have recently been reported in literature. However, the brain availability through oral administration of Montelukast is limited due to its poor blood-brain barrier permeation.

Dural Venous Sinus Variations Observed in Magnetic Resonance Venography at a Tertiary Care Hospital: An Observational Study.

Introduction: The dural venous system, composed of various sinuses, plays a crucial role in draining deoxygenated blood from the central nervous system. Understanding its anatomical variations is essential to differentiate it from pathological conditions like cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. This study aims to evaluate the anatomical variations of the dural venous sinuses using Magnetic Resonance Venography.

The effect of silymarin and selenium-yeast supplementation on antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and metabolic hormones in heat-stressed Barbari goats.

The primary aim of this study was to explore the effect of silymarin (SM) and selenium-yeast (SY) on antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and metabolic hormones in Barbari goat during heat stress. Thirty-two Barbari goats (age: 7.2 ± 0.

Role of Multiphasic Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Neoplastic Pancreatic Masses: A Single-Center Observational Study.

Background: Pancreatic neoplasms are associated with high morbidity and mortality, largely due to late diagnosis and challenges in accurate staging. Multiphasic computed tomography (CT) is a critical imaging tool for evaluating pancreatic masses offering detailed information on lesion characterization and surgical resectability. Precise radiological assessment is vital for treatment planning, and correlating imaging findings with histopathology improves diagnostic efficiency.

Ferrous sulfate and lipopolysaccharide co-exposure induce neuroinflammation, neurobehavioral motor deficits, neurodegenerative and histopathological biomarkers relevant to Parkinson's disease-like symptoms in Wistar rats.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. Although iron is one of the essential micronutrients in the brain, its excess exposure and accumulation in the brain substantia nigra and striatum regions may induce critical pathological changes relevant to PD. This study has evaluated neurobehavioral, biochemical, and structural alterations resembling PD-like symptoms induced through a 4-week co-exposure of ferrous sulfate (FeSO) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Wistar rats.

Betulinic acid protects against lipopolysaccharide and ferrous sulfate-induced oxidative stress, ferroptosis, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation signaling relevant to Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to profound motor dysfunction and non-motor symptoms.

Objectives: Despite significant advancements in understanding PD pathophysiology, effective disease-modifying therapies remain elusive. Current research efforts are increasingly focused on developing and refining advanced in-vivo models to unravel PD mechanisms and explore novel therapeutic interventions.

IL-17 A Exacerbated Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Biomarkers in Intranasal Amyloid-Beta Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Proinflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin-17 A (IL-17 A) have been found to be significantly associated with AD patients. IL-17 A amplifies neuroinflammation during AD pathology. This study highlighted the ability of IL-17 A to exacerbate amyloid-beta-induced pathology in animals.

The intricate interrelationship of cochlear aperture and internal auditory canal diameter in pediatric normal petrous structures.

Purpose: The cochlear aperture and internal auditory canal dimensions play a pivotal role in cochlear nerve health, yet their normative data exhibit significant variability. This study seeks to establish definitive normative ranges for these dimensions and investigate their interrelationship in the context of normally developed pediatric temporal bones.

Methods: This prospective study included seventy-eight children under fifteen years, diagnosed with bilateral severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss and free from temporal bone deformities.

Cholecystectomy associated vasculobiliary injuries: Incidence and impact on surgical repair outcomes.

Objective: Bile duct injury with concomitant vascular injury is a common complication of cholecystectomy. The influence of concomitant vascular injury on the presentation and management of bile duct injury remains debatable. This study aimed to determine the incidence of concomitant vascular injury in patients with post-cholecystectomy bile duct injury and its impact on presentation and short-term outcomes following biliary repair.

Statistical insights of polarization speckle via von Mises-Fisher distribution on the Poincaré sphere.

Polarization speckles generated via random scattering of light are ubiquitous in natural and engineered systems. They not only manifest intensity fluctuations but also reveal a spatially fluctuating, random polarization distribution. The precise morphology of the polarization speckle pattern serves as a deterministic signature of the light's state of polarization fluctuation within a scattering medium.

Recent advancements in the understanding of the alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. The processes underlying the pathophysiology of AD are still not fully understood despite a great deal of research. Since mitochondrial dysfunction affects cellular energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and neuronal survival, it is becoming increasingly clear that it plays a major role in the development of AD.

Mid-term Outcomes of Patella Resurfacing During Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA): Clinical, Functional, and Radiographic Insights.

Aim The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the mid-term implant survivability, rate of revisions, and clinical and functional outcomes following patella resurfacing during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) utilizing posterior stabilized (PS) total knee system (TKS). Methods A prospective, single-arm, multi-center, post-marketing surveillance encompassed patients with end-stage primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) or inflammatory arthritis. The time points of the study included baseline, six weeks, six months, one year, and three years post-operatively.

Intranasal amyloid model of Alzheimer's disease - potential opportunities and challenges.

Amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ) peptide is one of the most studied disease-related amyloidogenic peptides implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite significant scientific breakthroughs in the recent past, the existing non-transgenic animal models do not demonstrate accurate pathology of AD progression. This review has presented a concise mechanistic understanding of the intranasal amyloid-based animal model of AD, along with its advantages, challenges, and major limitations.

Coherence vortices by binary pinholes.

Singularity in a two-point complex coherence function, known as coherence vortices, represents zero visibility with a helical phase structure. In this paper, we introduce a novel technique to generate the coherence vortices of different topological charges by incoherent source transmittance with exotic structured binary pinholes. The binary pinhole structures have been realized by lithography, followed by wet etching methods.

Protective Effects of NRF2 Activator Sulforaphane in Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic Acid-Induced In Vitro and In Vivo Model.

NRF2 is a nuclear transcription factor involved in the cellular protection against oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling. Sulforaphane is a known NRF2 activator used for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity through regulation of Keap-1-HO-1 pathway. However, there is a limited exploration about the role of NRF2 activator, sulforaphane in regulation of poly(I:C)-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and injury in lung.

IL-17A-Induced Redox Imbalance and Inflammatory Responses in Mice Lung via Act1-TRAF6-IKBα Signaling Pathway: Implications for Lung Disease Pathogenesis.

IL-17A is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases. This study focused on the evaluation of the role of IL-17 receptor signaling through one-week intranasal exposure of IL-17A in lung tissues of BALB/c mice. IL-17A triggered inflammatory responses in the mice lungs and led to changes in the morphological alveolar arrangements.

Chromosome-level genome assembly and functional annotation of Citrullus colocynthis: unlocking genetic resources for drought-resilient crop development.

The chromosome-level genome assembly of Citrullus colocynthis reveals its genetic potential for enhancing drought tolerance, paving the way for innovative crop improvement strategies. This study presents the first comprehensive genome assembly and annotation of Citrullus colocynthis, a drought-tolerant wild close relative of cultivated watermelon, highlighting its potential for enhancing agricultural resilience to climate change. The study achieved a chromosome-level assembly using advanced sequencing technologies, including PacBio HiFi and Hi-C, revealing a genome size of approximately 366 Mb with low heterozygosity and substantial repetitive content.

Quercetin ameliorates neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative biomarkers in the brain and improves neurobehavioral parameters in a repeated intranasal amyloid-beta exposed model of Alzheimer's disease.

: The aim of the present study was to study the potential therapeutic effects of quercetin in protection against repeated intranasal exposure of an amyloid-beta-induced mouse model. : Mice received intranasal Aβ (5 μg/10 μL) exposure once daily for seven consecutive days. Quercetin was orally administered to them at 30 mg kg and 100 mg kg doses for one week starting from day five following Aβ peptide administration.

A comparative analysis of mycobacterial ribonucleases: Towards a therapeutic novel drug target.

Bacterial responses to continuously changing environments are addressed through modulation of gene expression at the level of transcription initiation, RNA processing and/or decay. Ribonucleases (RNases) are hydrolytic or phosphorolytic enzymes involved in a majority of RNA metabolism reactions. RNases play a crucial role in RNA degradation, either independently or in collaboration with various trans-acting regulatory factors.

Evaluating Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Glucose Levels in Pancreatic Cyst Fluid for Mucinous Versus Non-mucinous Differentiation.

Background: A more precise identification of mucinous cysts will lower the likelihood of needless pancreatic surgery. Pancreatic cyst fluid (PCF) contains glucose and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which serve as biomarkers to differentiate mucinous from non-mucinous pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs).

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of combined CEA and glucose levels in PCF for distinguishing mucinous from non-mucinous PCNs preoperatively.

MK2 inhibitor PF-3644022 shows protective effect in mouse microglial N9 cell line induced with cigarette smoke extract.

Neuroinflammation is suggested as one of the potential links between CS-induced neuronal dysfunction. Cigarette smoke (CS) is one of the significant contributors of neuroinflammation, consequently leading to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Microglia are the key resident macrophage cells in the brain with cell surface TLR4 receptor for responding to various stress signals.

Neoantigen Identification and Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccines for Lung Cancer Immunotherapy.

Immunotherapies can treat many cancers, including difficult-to-treat cases such as lung cancer. Due to its tolerability, long-lasting therapeutic responses, and efficacy in a wide spectrum of patients, immunotherapy can also help to treat lung cancer, which has few treatment choices. Tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) for cancer vaccinations and T-cell therapies are difficult to discover.

The role of RIPK1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Necroptosis has emerged as one of the crucial pathological processes involved in the regulation of cell death and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway epithelial necroptosis is closely linked to COPD pathogenesis. Necroptotic lung cells can release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that can initiate a robust inflammatory response.