Viability of in traditional sour pork fermentation and its inactivation by microwave heating: Implications for zoonotic risk and food safety.

Background And Aim: Cultural dietary practices involving the consumption of raw or undercooked meat, such as traditional sour fermented pork, pose significant risks for foodborne parasitic infections, particularly trichinellosis caused by . This study aimed to evaluate the viability of larvae during sour pork fermentation and to assess the efficacy of microwave heating as a practical method for inactivating the larvae.

Materials And Methods: Laboratory-bred hamsters were experimentally infected with to obtain encysted muscle larvae.

Development of ready-to-use microtiter plates for enhanced ELISA detection of Opisthorchis viverrini antigens in urine samples.

A monoclonal antibody against Opisthorchis viverrini antigen (OvAg) immobilization step for OvAg detection in urine samples by ELISA significantly influences the reduction in overall procedural time to conduct the assay. Herein, the monoclonal antibody against OvAg immobilization step was improved using a combining approach between a crosslinking agent, APTES, and a coupling agent EDC-NHS. Results showed that the combining approach method is effective when immobilization of monoclonal antibody is applied for approximately 30 min providing excellent potential for OvAg detection by ELISA.

Investigation of malaria vectors Anopheles in non-endemic areas of Thailand: in proximity to workplaces housing foreign migrant workers.

Background: Foreign migrant workers from malaria-endemic regions play a critical factor in the transmission of malaria to non-endemic areas, mainly due to their mobility while seeking employment opportunities. This risk is particularly heightened in areas where malaria vectors are present.

Methods: This study aimed to investigate the malaria vectors in two sub-districts in Khon Kaen Province, known for their factory areas and the significant presence of Myanmar migrant worker communities.

EVALUATION OF THE CYSTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF CHLOROCRESOL AGAINST ACANTHAMOEBA POLYPHAGA.

Chlorocresol has antibacterial and antifungal properties, yet its effectiveness in eradicating Acanthamoeba spp. remains unexplored. Acanthamoeba species trophozoites are usually sensitive to biocides, whereas cysts tend to be more resistant.

Misclassification of Opisthorchis viverrini and Minute Intestinal Fluke Eggs by Routine Laboratory Staff Using Images from the Kato-Katz Method.

Background: The Kato-Katz method is a commonly used diagnostic tool for helminth infections, particularly in field studies. This method can yield inaccurate results when samples contain eggs that are similar in appearance, such as Minute Intestinal Fluke (MIF) and Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) eggs. The close resemblance of eggs can be problematic and raises the possibility of false diagnoses.

Formalin-fixed stool improves the performance of the Kato-Katz method.

Background And Aim: Parasitic infections are a public health problem worldwide, including in Thailand. An epidemiological survey for helminthiasis based on stool examination uses the Kato-Katz method as recommended by the World Health Organization. Limitations of this method include the need for fresh stool, time requirement, and lack of quality control.

Comparison of 3 DNA extraction methods for extracting DNA from an adult Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae).

The aim of this study was to compare 3 DNA extraction methods: the PureLink Genomic DNA kit, DNAzol Direct reagent, and a microwave-based method, for extracting DNA from an adult Culex quinquefasciatus by focusing on the quantity and purity of DNA, cost, and time required. Ten mosquitoes were individually used for DNA extraction by each method. Based on the results obtained, DNA was extracted from each method using specific primers, resulting in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product with a length of 274 bp.

Reduction of carcinogens in fermented fish (pla-ra and pla-som) by heating.

Background And Aim: The risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are opisthorchiasis and the intake of a combination of nitroso compounds through the consumption of traditionally fermented fish, which is very popular in areas where liver flukes are endemic. The incidence of CCA remains high because this cultural habit of rural people has been altered. Therefore, decreasing nitrate and nitrite concentrations in fermented fish are an alternative approach to reducing the risk of CCA.

Efficacy of oil combination with leaf and pericarps against canine demodicosis.

Background And Aim: Canine demodicosis is a skin disease that is a major global health problem in dogs. Ivermectin is a drug of choice for treatment, but it may cause toxicity in dogs carrying multidrug resistance mutation-1 gene mutations. Hence, alternative herbal medicines are used instead of the drug, such as oil (YN oil), leaf (WC), and pericarps (MG) extracts.

Exposure to dexamethasone modifies transcriptomic responses of free-living stages of Strongyloides stercoralis.

Hyperinfection and disseminated infection by the parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis can be induced by iatrogenic administration of steroids and immunosuppression and lead to an elevated risk of mortality. Responses of free-living stages of S. stercoralis to the therapeutic corticosteroid dexamethasone (DXM) were investigated using RNA-seq transcriptomes of DXM-treated female and male worms.

Zoonotic Helminthiases in Rodents (, , and ) from Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR.

Zoonotic helminths of three rodent species, , , and , were investigated in Vientiane capital, Lao PDR. A total of 310 rodents were infected with 11 species of helminth parasites. There were 168 (54.

Spirometra species from Asia: Genetic diversity and taxonomic challenges.

Despite considerable controversy concerning the taxonomy of species within the genus Spirometra, human sparganosis and spirometrosis mainly in Asia and Europe has long been confidently ascribed to Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. Recently, the mitochondrial genomes of purported "S. erinaceieuropaei", "Spirometra decipiens" and "Spirometra ranarum" from Asia have been determined.

Investigation of the in vitro cysticidal activity of miltefosine against spp.

The present study evaluated the in vitro efficacy of miltefosine against cysts of spp. belonging to genotypes T3, T4 and T5. Each genotype was incubated with miltefosine at the concentration of 2.

Current status of Opisthorchis viverrini, minute intestinal fluke and Taenia spp. infections among inhabitants in the Kenethao district of northern Lao PDR.

Background: This study reports the prevalence of Ov/minute intestinal fluke (MIF) and Taenia infections among inhabitants of the Kenethao district, northern Lao PDR.

Methods: Fecal samples from 580 inhabitants were examined using the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique.

Results: The prevalence of Ov/MIF, Taenia spp.

Evaluating the in vitro efficacy of gatifloxacin, levofloxacin and gentamicin against Acanthamoeba cysts.

Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro efficacy of three commercial ophthalmic solutions (gatifloxacin, levofloxacin and gentamicin) against cysts of Acanthamoeba species.

Design: Experimental study METHODS: Acanthamoeba cysts belonging to genotypes T3, T4 and T5 were incubated with three ophthalmic solutions for different periods of time; 1, 24, 48 and 72 h at 37 °C. After incubation, treated cysts were stained with trypan blue and counted to express the percent of growth inhibition.

Molecular identification and genetic diversity of Gnathostoma spinigerum larvae in freshwater fishes in southern Lao PDR, Cambodia, and Myanmar.

Gnathostomiasis, an emerging food-borne parasitic zoonosis in Asia, is mainly caused by Gnathostoma spinigerum (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae). Consumption of raw meat or freshwater fishes in endemic areas is the major risk factor. Throughout Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Lao PDR, Cambodia, and Myanmar, freshwater fish are often consumed raw or undercooked.

Effect of Temperature on the Killing of Opisthorchis viverrini Eggs In Vitro.

Contaminated liver fluke egg in the environment has led to the high prevalence of human opisthorchiasis associated with cholangiocarcinoma in Southeast Asia. To find the effective lessening methods of Opisthorchis viverrini eggs in the contaminated environment, we investigated the temperature conditions for killing of these trematode eggs in vitro. Numerous O.

An Alternative Method for Extracting DNA from EDTA Whole Blood for Malaria Diagnosis.

Molecular techniques have been introduced for malaria diagnosis because they offer greater sensitivity and specificity than microscopic examinations. Therefore, DNA isolation methods have been developed for easy preparation and cost effectiveness. The present study described a simple protocol for DNA isolation from EDTA-whole blood.

Status and Risk Factors of Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in Rural Communities of Xayaburi Province, Lao PDR.

The present study was performed to reveal the current status and risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis infections in the villages of Kenethao district, Xayaburi Province, Lao PDR. Fecal specimens were collected and examined for S. stercoralis using Koga-agar plate culture technique.

An eleven-year retrospective hospital-based study of epidemiological data regarding human strongyloidiasis in northeast Thailand.

Background: Human strongyloidiasis is a chronic and persistent gastrointestinal disease caused by infection with soil-transmitted helminths of the genus Strongyloides. The aim of this research was to obtain diagnostic prevalence regarding strongyloidiasis in northeast Thailand through a hospital-based study.

Methods: Patients' demographic data and the results of stool examinations conducted using the formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique were collected from the parasitology laboratory records at Srinagarind Hospital in Khon Kaen, Thailand.

Identification of antigenic proteins in Strongyloides stercoralis by proteomic analysis.

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal helminth that infects people worldwide. Hyperinfection or disseminated human strongyloidiasis can involve vital organs, leading to lethal outcomes. We analyzed immunoproteomics of antigenic spots, derived from S.

In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibitory Effects of α-Mangostin on Cholangiocarcinoma Cells and Allografts.

We investigated the anti-cholangiocarcinoma effect of α-mangostin from Garcinia mangostana pericarp extract (GM) in a human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell line and a hamster CCA allograft model. In vitro, human CCA cells were treated with GM at various concentrations and for different time periods; then cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry, and metastatic potential with wound healing assays. In vivo, hamster allografts were treated with GM, gemcitabine (positive control) and a placebo (negative control) for 1 month; tumor weight and volume were then determined.

Carcinogenic Liver Fluke and Others Contaminated in Pickled Fish of Northeastern Thailand.

Twenty provinces in northeastern Thailand were investigated for fluke metacercariae contamination in pickled fish, or pla-som, during January –June 2016. A total of 129 pickled fish shops were randomly chosen. Samples were digested with acid-pepsin and those found to be infected with metacercariae were fed to hamsters to test for metacercariae infectivity.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis and A. malaysiensis Broadly Overlap in Thailand, Lao PDR, Cambodia and Myanmar: A Molecular Survey of Larvae in Land Snails.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a zoonotic nematode parasite causing human eosinophilic meningitis (or meningoencephalitis) worldwide. A closely related species, Angiostrongylus malaysiensis, might also be a human pathogen. Larvae were obtained from land snails in Lao PDR, Cambodia, Myanmar and Thailand.