Development and validation of a real-time SYBR green PCR method for the detection and differentiation of Babesia and Theileria species (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmida) in hard ticks and cattle blood from Thailand.

Tick-borne pathogens, particularly Babesia and Theileria species, are major threats to cattle production, causing economically significant diseases such as babesiosis and theileriosis. In this study, a real-time SYBR Green PCR assay was developed to detect Babesia and Theileria species in hard ticks (N = 65) and cattle blood samples (N = 143) from Thailand. Using primers targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for Babesia and the nuclear 18S rRNA gene for Theileria, the assay measured specific melting temperatures (Tm) for each species.

Current Prevalence of Infection with Opisthorchis viverrini and Intestinal Parasites in Rural Communities in Northeast Thailand Using Stool Examinations and Serological Screening Methods.

Helminthiases are common neglected tropical diseases in Thailand; thus, regular surveillance is necessary for their control. Among these helminthiases, the small liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini), which is endemic in northeast Thailand, has been the focus of national control and eradication campaigns in the country for several decades.

Prevalence, associated risk factors and satellite imagery analysis in predicting soil-transmitted helminth infection in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand.

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections remain a significant public health concern in rural areas, often leading to nutritional and physical impairment, particularly in children. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of STH infections among schoolchildren in Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand, and to develop a predictive model for identifying high-risk areas using satellite imagery data. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 319 primary schoolchildren from six sub-districts in Thasala District.

Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections in in Northeast Thailand: A One Health Perspective on Zoonotic Risks.

Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections in non-human primates are of growing concern due to their implications for both veterinary and public health. Long-tailed macaques (), commonly found in peri-urban and temple environments in Southeast Asia, may act as reservoirs for zoonotic parasites, posing risks to humans and domestic animals. This study investigated the prevalence and species diversity of GI parasites in free-ranging macaques from four provinces in Northeast Thailand (Loei, Khon Kaen, Bueng Kan, and Sisaket).

A proof-of-concept point-of-care test for the serodiagnosis of human amebic liver abscess.

Background: Amebic liver abscess (ALA), caused by an extraintestinal invasion of the virulent protozoan , is important among parasitic causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in the tropics. Clinical symptoms, medical-imaging abnormalities of the liver and serological tests are normally made for supportive diagnosis. Serum-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been conventionally used for diagnosing ALA but is time-consuming and sophisticated equipment is required.

Evaluation of an Innovative Rapid Diagnostic Test for Human Strongyloidiasis to Detect Specific IgG Antibody in Whole-Blood Samples.

Human strongyloidiasis is an important intestinal parasitic disease that affects public health globally and is transmitted through contact with infective larvae on contaminated soil. Immunocompromised hosts can experience hyperinfection, which can lead to fatal systemic strongyloidiasis. Here, an innovative point-of-care (POC) test kit, the strongyloidiasis immunochromatographic blood test (the NIE-SsIR whole-blood ICT) kit is described.

An immunochromatographic test using whole blood for rapid diagnosis of human paragonimiasis and its diagnostic usefulness.

Paragonimiasis is a harmful food-borne zoonosis caused by lung flukes of the genus . The disease is found on most continents, several million people are at risk of infection, and it is a re-emerging disease in developing countries. The gold standard for diagnosis of pulmonary paragonimiasis requires the finding of eggs in sputa and/or fecal samples.

Development of a Machine Learning Model for the Classification of Egg.

(pinworm) infections are a significant global health issue, affecting children predominantly in environments like schools and daycares. Traditional diagnosis using the scotch tape technique involves examining eggs under a microscope. This method is time-consuming and depends heavily on the examiner's expertise.

Automatic detection of egg in stool examination using convolutional-based neural networks.

Background: Human opisthorchiasis is a dangerous infectious chronic disease distributed in many Asian areas in the water-basins of large rivers, Siberia, and Europe. The gold standard for human opisthorchiasis laboratory diagnosis is the routine examination of spp. eggs under a microscope.

Molecular identification and genetic diversity of zoonotic hookworm infections in domestic dogs from northeastern, Thailand.

Hookworm infections remain a significant public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions, including Thailand. This study investigated the species and genetic diversity of hookworm infections in domestic dogs from northeastern Thailand. The molecular analysis focused on amplifying and sequencing specific regions of ribosomal RNA genes (ITS1-5.

Improved diagnostic sensitivity of human strongyloidiasis using point-of-care mixed recombinant antigen-based immunochromatography.

Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease that can cause fatal complications due to hyperinfection and disseminated strongyloidiasis in immunocompromised patients. We used two Strongyloides stercoralis recombinant antigenic proteins, L3NieAg.01 (NIE) and IgG-immunoreactive antigen (SsIR), to develop the recombinant antigen-based immunochromatography test (ICT) kit.

Development and evaluation of an immunochromatography-based point-of-care test kit for a rapid diagnosis of human cysticercosis.

Human cysticercosis is a life-threatening zoonotic disease caused by infection with larvae (cysticerci) of the pork tapeworm, . This can affect the nervous system causing chronic headache and intracranial hypertension, potentially leading to epileptic seizures and paralysis. The disease is found in developing countries, especially in Southeast and South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Central and South America where porcine cysticercosis is endemic and people have a habit of eating undercooked pork.

Characterization of the bacterial microbiota of cattle ticks in northeastern Thailand through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Ticks are vectors of a variety of pathogens that can infect humans and animals. Ticks also harbor non-pathogenic microbiota. This study characterized the microbiota of the ticks infesting beef cattle in Thailand.

Bacterial community structure of Anopheles hyrcanus group, Anopheles nivipes, Anopheles philippinensis, and Anopheles vagus from a malaria-endemic area in Thailand.

Bacterial content of mosquitoes has given rise to the development of innovative tools that influence and seek to control malaria transmission. This study identified the bacterial microbiota in field-collected female adults of the Anopheles hyrcanus group and three Anopheles species, Anopheles nivipes, Anopheles philippinensis, and Anopheles vagus, from an endemic area in the southeastern part of Ubon Ratchathani Province, northeastern Thailand, near the Lao PDR-Cambodia-Thailand border. A total of 17 DNA libraries were generated from pooled female Anopheles abdomen samples (10 abdomens/ sample).

Microbiome Composition and Microbial Community Structure in Mosquito Vectors and in Northeastern Thailand, a Dengue-Endemic Area.

Bacterial content in mosquito larvae and adults is altered by dynamic interactions during life and varies substantially in variety and composition depending on mosquito biology and ecology. This study aimed to identify the microbiota in and and in water from their breeding sites in northeastern Thailand, a dengue-endemic area. Bacterial diversity in field-collected aquatic larvae and subsequently emerged adults of both species from several locations were examined.

Gut microbiota diversity in human strongyloidiasis differs little in two different regions in endemic areas of Thailand.

Human gastrointestinal helminthic infections have a direct and/or indirect effect on the composition of the host gut microbial flora. Here, we investigated the effect of infection with a soil-transmitted intestinal nematode, Strongyloides stercoralis, on the gut microbiota of the human host. We also investigated whether composition of the microbiota in infected persons might vary across endemic regions.

An Innovative Test for the Rapid Detection of Specific IgG Antibodies in Human Whole-Blood for the Diagnosis of Infection.

Chronic human liver fluke infections caused by and can last for decades and cause liver and biliary diseases, including life-threatening pathology prior to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). CCA generally has a poor prognosis. Serological diagnosis can support parasitological examination in diagnosing disease and screening for the risk of CCA.

Evaluation of total immunoglobulin G and subclass antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of human amebic liver abscess.

Background: Amebic liver abscess (ALA) caused by is usually diagnosed based on its clinical symptoms, medical imaging abnormalities of the liver, and serological tests, the most common being the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For more than three decades, no investigation has evaluated the diagnostic performance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses in the serodiagnosis of ALA. Herein, we assessed the efficiencies of anti-amebic IgG and IgG subclasses for diagnosing ALA.

Development and Accuracy Evaluation of Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Rapid Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis Mekongi in Humans.

infection is endemic in countries along the Mekong River and certain of its tributaries in the lower Mekong basin, especially in Lao People's Democratic Republic and Cambodia. Diagnosis of schistosomiasis is crucial before treatment and epidemiological surveys before and/or after an intervention, such as a mass drug administration. A newly developed immunochromatographic test (ICT) for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis mekongi, based on antiparasite antibody detection in human sera, was evaluated.

Development of an immunochromatographic point-of-care test for detection of IgG antibody in serodiagnosis of human trichinellosis.

Objective: Trichinellosis is a globally distributed food-borne parasitic disease. Initially, diagnosis is usually made based on clinical signs, symptoms, and history of eating raw or undercooked meat. In the present study, an immunochromatographic test (ICT) kit was developed to diagnose trichinellosis by detecting IgG antibodies in sera of infected humans.

Promoter polymorphism of (rs1800629) is associated with ischemic stroke susceptibility in a southern Thai population.

Stroke represents the leading cause of disability and mortality amongst the elderly worldwide. Multiple risk factors, including both genetic and non-genetic components, as well as their interactions, are proposed as etiological factors involved in the development of ischemic stroke (IS). Promoter polymorphisms of the -174G/C (rs1800795) and -308G/A (rs1800629) genes have been considered as predictive risk factors of IS; however, these have not yet been evaluated in a Thai population.

Development of Immunochromatographic Test Kit for Rapid Detection of Specific IgG4 Antibody in Whole-Blood Samples for Diagnosis of Human Gnathostomiasis.

Human gnathostomiasis is a harmful food-borne zoonosis caused by roundworms of the genus . The parasite can occasionally migrate to the central nervous system, causing life-threatening disease and death. Here, we report a new point-of-care (POC) test kit, the gnathostomiasis blood immunochromatographic test (GB-ICT) kit.

An Unusual Case of Gastric Gnathostomiasis Caused by Gnathostoma spinigerum Confirmed by Video Gastroscopy and Morphological and Molecular Identification.

Human gnathostomiasis is a harmful foodborne parasitic infection caused by nematodes of the genus Gnathostoma. Here, we report an unusual case of gastric gnathostomiasis seen in a hospital in Thailand along with the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome. A 39-year-old man presented with complaints of epigastric pain, dizziness, and history of passing dark, tarry stools for 2 days.

High prevalence of opisthorchiasis in rural populations from Khammouane Province, central Lao PDR: serological screening using total IgG- and IgG4-based ELISA.

Background: Human opisthorchiasis, caused by Opisthorchis viverrini, is a public health problem in Southeast Asia and a major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. In Lao PDR, seroprevalence and the relationship between the number of O. viverrini eggs in infected people and specific antibody responses are still unknown.