Large-scale epidemiology of opisthorchiasis in 21 provinces in Thailand based on diagnosis by fecal egg examination and urine antigen assay and analysis of risk factors for infection.

Introduction: Infection with the carcinogenic fish-borne trematode Opisthorchis viverrini, known as opisthorchiasis, is a major cause of biliary cancer (cholangiocarcinoma). Despite decades of disease prevention and control in Thailand, the parasite remains endemic. Here we apply a novel antigen assay for mass screening of opisthorchiasis and compare the prevalence against the conventional examination and analyze risk factors associated with current O.

Epidemiological Surveillance of Intestinal Parasites and Serological Analysis of in Captive Felids From Thailand Zoos.

Wild felids have been in decline, which has been linked to health issues. Parasitic infections, including zoonotic ones, can contribute to the challenges faced regarding wildlife conservation efforts and may pose a risk to human health, particularly for people working at or visiting zoological parks. This study investigated the occurrence of parasitic infections in the Felidae within Thai zoo parks.

Tricky with Heat and Salt: Soil Factors, Thermotaxis, and Potential for Heat-Saline Agar Trapping of Larvae.

The viability and host-seeking behavior of larvae are significantly influenced by soil conditions, emphasizing the critical role of environmental control in disease management. This is particularly relevant given the growing concerns about drug resistance resulting from mass chemotherapy or the use of chemical nematicides. was effectively inactivated by exposure to 50 °C for both 12 and 24 h (long-term exposure).

Partially purified antigen improved the diagnostic performance of strongyloidiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunochromatographic test (ICT).

infection is a neglected tropical disease with a global distribution. Serodiagnosis is a sensitive method, but improving its performance and simplifying into a point-of-care test (POCT) are needed. This study aimed to improve the diagnostic performance of serological tests using partially purified antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immunochromatographic test (ICT).

Diagnostic value of urinary and serum IgG antibodies in evaluating drug treatment response in strongyloidiasis assessed by fecal examination and digital droplet PCR.

Detection of Strogyloides-specific IgG antibodies in urine and serum has been used in diagnostic and epidemiological studies on strongyloidiasis. However, the usefulness of these assays in assessing responses to anthelmintic treatment is unclear. Thus, we evaluated the diagnostic performance and temporal profiles of Strongyloides-specific IgG antibodies in a cohort of participants at baseline and post-treatment.

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in captive mammals at Khon Kaen Zoo, Thailand.

Background And Aim: Captive animals are susceptible to parasitic diseases due to the stress and confinement they experience. In addition, they can serve as reservoirs of zoonotic parasites that have the potential to infect humans. To investigate this possibility, we estimated the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in captive mammals at Khon Kaen Zoo, Thailand.

Examination of Diagnostic Performance of New IgG4 Rapid Test Compared with IgG- and IgG4-ELISAs to Investigate Epidemiology of Strongyloidiasis in Northeast Thailand.

Strongyloidiasis, caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, is a neglected tropical disease with a global distribution. The infection can be fatal in immunocompromised individuals, and accurate diagnosis leading to timely treatment can save lives. Serodiagnosis is a sensitive method for diagnosis and is recommended for screening high-risk individuals.

Epidemiology and Control of Opisthorchis viverrini Infection: Implications for Cholangiocarcinoma Prevention.

It is known that Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) is the most significant risk factor for the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA); hence, it is also known as carcinogenic parasite. Effective control and elimination of OV infection should significantly reduce O. viverrini-related CCA.

Diagnostic performance of Strongyloides-specific IgG4 detection in urine for diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis.

Background: Detection of parasite-specific IgG in urine is a sensitive method for diagnosis of strongyloidiasis and gives similar accuracy to serum IgG. However, there are no data concerning detection of IgG subclass in urine. To further explore the utility of diagnosis from urine samples, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of IgG4 in urine compared with parasitological and other immunological methods.

Long-term Persistence of Opisthorchis viverrini Antigen in Urine: A Prospective Study in Northeast Thailand.

Antigen detected in urine for the diagnosis of opisthorchiasis has a low daily variation; however, the longer term variability in antigen concentrations is unknown. In this study, we prospectively monitored Opisthorchis viverrini antigen concentrations for 30 consecutive days and at subsequent monthly intervals in a cohort of opisthorchiasis-positive individuals. On the basis of the monoclonal antibody-based ELISA, the profiles of antigen-positive rate and antigen concentration exhibited no significant change over 30 days with a mean proportion positive of 87.

Effects of day-to-day variation of Opisthorchis viverrini antigen in urine on the accuracy of diagnosing opisthorchiasis in Northeast Thailand.

Antigen detection in urine using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is more sensitive than fecal examination for diagnosis of opisthorchiasis and for assessment of the effects of drug treatment. It is not known whether day-to-day variation of urine composition, including levels of Opisthorchis viverrini antigen, influences the urine assay. We investigated this topic with the cooperation of participants from two localities in Northeast Thailand.

Performance of Mini Parasep SF stool concentrator kit, Kato-Katz, and formalin-ethyl acetate concentration methods for diagnosis of opisthorchiasis in Northeast Thailand.

Background: Control and elimination of the liver fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) is a primary preventive strategy against cholangiocarcinoma in Southeast Asia. A sensitive parasitological diagnostic method is required to facilitate a surveillance and control program. In this study, we evaluated the performance of Mini Parasep SF stool concentrator kit (stool kit) compared with Kato-Katz (KK) and the quantitative formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT) for detection of O.

Efficacy of oil combination with leaf and pericarps against canine demodicosis.

Background And Aim: Canine demodicosis is a skin disease that is a major global health problem in dogs. Ivermectin is a drug of choice for treatment, but it may cause toxicity in dogs carrying multidrug resistance mutation-1 gene mutations. Hence, alternative herbal medicines are used instead of the drug, such as oil (YN oil), leaf (WC), and pericarps (MG) extracts.

Genotypes of Echinococcus Species from Cattle in Tanzania.

Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus species. Tanzania is one of the endemic countries with cystic echinococcosis. This study focussed on identifying genotypes of Echinococcus spp.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Haemonchus contortus in goats from Thailand.

Haemonchus contortus is one of the most economically important parasitic nematodes affecting small ruminant livestock worldwide. This study was conducted to elucidate the genetic diversity and population structure of this nematode in Thailand based on mitochondrial DNA markers, the nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nad4) and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) genes. One hundred and thirty-six adult worms were obtained from 86 abomasa of slaughtered goats from 13 different localities in 5 regions of Thailand.

Mitochondrial Genome of Spirometra theileri Compared with Other Spirometra Species.

This study was carried out to provide information on the taxonomic classification and analysis of mitochondrial genomes of Spirometra theileri. One strobila of S. theileri was collected from the intestine of an African leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Maswa Game Reserve, Tanzania.

The first molecular identification of benzimidazole resistance in from goats in Thailand.

Background And Aim: is one of the major trichostrongyloid nematodes affecting small ruminant production worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Adult suck the blood from the host abomasum leading to anemia and often death in heavily infected animals. The mainstay of parasitic control is an anthelmintic drug, but long-term drug use may cause drug resistance.

Analysis of Daily Variation for 3 and for 30 Days of Parasite-Specific IgG in Urine for Diagnosis of Strongyloidiasis by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

Recent work has found urine analysis to be as sensitive as serology for diagnosis of strongyloidiasis. Here, we examined the daily variation of Strongyloides-specific IgG in urine by qualitative and quantitative ELISA and its effects on diagnostic accuracy and reliability. In the first part of the study, matched urine and fecal samples were collected from project participants in northeast Thailand for three consecutive days.

Morphometrical and Molecular Characterization of (Chabertiidae: Oesophagostominae) and (Trichostrongylidae: Haemonchinae) Isolated from Goat () in Sylhet, Bangladesh.

This study was aimed at describing two (2) intestinal nematodes from naturally infected native breed of goats () in Bangladesh, identified as (Curtice, 1890) Stossich 1899 and (Rudolphi, 1803) Cobb, 1898. The identification was made based on morphometric features and was confirmed by amplifying internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome oxidase (1) gene. Well-developed lateral alae, distinct cervical papillae anteriorly to esophageal expansion, and male spicule length (0.

Insight into One Health Approach: Endoparasite Infections in Captive Wildlife in Bangladesh.

: Endoparasites in captive wildlife might pose a threat to public health; however, very few studies have been conducted on this issue, and much remains to be learned, especially in limited-resource settings. This study aimed to investigate endoparasites of captive wildlife in Bangladesh. Perception and understanding of veterinarians regarding one health and zoonoses were also assessed.

Morphological and Molecular Identification of Spirometra Tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) from Carnivorous Mammals in the Serengeti and Selous Ecosystems of Tanzania.

Spirometra tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) collected from carnivorous mammals in Tanzania were identified by the DNA sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), and by morphological characteristics. A total of 15 adult worms were collected from stool samples and carcasses of Panthera leo, Panthera pardus, and Crocuta crocuta in the Serengeti and Selous ecosystems of Tanzania. Three Spirometra species: S.

Ocular Sparganosis: The First Report of Spirometra ranarum in Thailand.

A 22-year-old Thai man from the Northeast region presented with acute eye swelling, itching, and discharge on his left eye. He was suspected of having gnathostomiasis and treated with albendazole and prednisolone for 3 weeks. Nine months later, he was treated with high-dose oral prednisolone for the preliminary and differential diagnoses with thyroid-associated orbitopathy and lymphoma.