Traumatic in-cerebration due to conveyor machine accident - A distinctive injury pattern case report.

Cranio-cerebral trauma due to crush injury is a commonly encountered cause of death in forensic practice. These mostly occur due to static loading of the head and often present as compound comminuted skull fractures with brain parenchyma extruding out of the body. In the present case, the head crushing injury occurred due to machine entrapment while the conveyor system continued to be operational.

LDS 698: A highly sensitive probe for tracking mitochondrial membrane potential in live cells.

Monitoring active mitochondria is crucial for gaining insights into essential cellular processes, including energy production, apoptosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, current commercial tools have limitations in detecting subtle changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and tracking the dynamics of these changes in live cells. Here, we report a novel application of LDS 698, a hemicyanine solid-state laser dye, for staining functional mitochondria based on their membrane potential.

Prescribing trends of fixed-dose combination of domperidone and proton-pump inhibitor across tertiary care centers in India, is the combination rational?

Background: There have been concerns over the rationality of prescribing practices of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) available in India. The FDC of domperidone and pantoprazole recently emerged as a top-selling product at Janaushadhi Kendras in India.

Methods: This cross-sectional study is a part of the prescription research which was conducted under the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Task Force Project on Rational Use of Drugs at 13 tertiary healthcare centers across the countries that were part of the ICMR-Rational Use of Medicine Centres Network.

Triple Oral Metronomic Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy of Physician Discretion After Failure of Platinum-Based Therapy in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: A Phase III Randomized Study (METRO-CHASE Study).

Purpose: Platinum-refractory advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has poor outcomes and limited treatment options, especially in resource-constrained settings. Triple oral metronomic chemotherapy (OMCT), involving low-dose continuous administration of chemotherapeutic agents, has shown promise in phase II studies but lacks evidence from randomized controlled trials. This study evaluated whether triple OMCT improves overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy of physician discretion (CPD).

Integrated multimodel analysis of intestinal inflammation exposes key molecular features of preclinical and clinical IBD.

Background: IBD is a chronic inflammatory condition driven by complex genetic and immune interactions, yet preclinical models often fail to fully recapitulate all aspects of the human disease. A systematic comparison of commonly used IBD models is essential to identify conserved molecular mechanisms and improve translational relevance.

Objective: We performed a multimodel transcriptomic analysis of 13 widely used IBD mouse models to uncover coregulatory gene networks conserved between preclinical colitis/ileitis and human IBD and to define model-specific and conserved cellular, subcellular and molecular signatures.

Dynamic shift in localization of UBE3A across developmental stages in an Angelman syndrome mouse model.

The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) plays a crucial role in cellular homeostasis by regulating protein degradation. UBE3A, an E3 ubiquitin ligase encoded by the UBE3A gene, is maternally expressed in neurons and linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as Angelman syndrome (AS) and 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome (Dup15q syndrome). While UBE3A is predominantly nuclear in mature neurons, its dynamic subcellular localization across development and potential mitochondrial role remain poorly understood.

Studies on the proximity effect in Bi-based high temperature superconductor/manganite heterostructures.

A comprehensive study on the heterostructures of a Bi-based high critical temperature cuprate superconductor (BiPbSrCaCuO) and a Pr-based ferromagnetic manganite (PrSrMnO) has been elucidated. The heterostructures were optimized by an in-depth characterization of their structural and elemental properties using techniques such as X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effect of proximity of the magnetism of the PrSrMnO on the superconductivity of BiPbSrCaCuO has been established based on the results obtained from the magnetotransport and magnetization measurements.

TNF-α disrupts the malate-aspartate shuttle, driving metabolic rewiring in iPSC-derived enteric neural lineages from Parkinson's Disease patients.

Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction emerges years before motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), implicating the enteric nervous system (ENS) in early disease progression. However, the mechanisms linking the PD hallmark protein, α-synuclein (α-syn), to ENS dysfunction - and whether these mechanisms are influenced by inflammation - remains elusive. Using iPSC-derived enteric neural lineages from patients with α-syn triplications, we reveal that TNF-α increases mitochondrial-α-syn interactions, disrupts the malate-aspartate shuttle, and forces a metabolic shift toward glutamine oxidation.

Combined Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging and Vessel Wall Imaging of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Presenting with Sentinel Headache.

Background: The combinational assessment of susceptibility-weighted imaging and vessel wall imaging on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients of unruptured intracranial aneurysms presenting with sentinel headache can show microbleeds and inflammatory changes in the wall of the aneurysms and thus predict the future risk of rupture of the aneurysm. In this pilot study, we hypothesized that combination of vessel wall imaging and susceptibility-weighted imaging would be more informative to assess the changes in the wall of aneurysm in patients with sentinel headache.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen patients of intracranial aneurysms with history of sentinel headache underwent advanced MRI.

Comparison of clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of rituximab infusion and intravenous dexamethasone pulse therapy in pemphigus vulgaris: an open prospective randomized controlled pilot study.

Background: Rituximab (Rtx) and dexamethasone pulse (DP) are the two most commonly used therapeutic regimens in pemphigus vulgaris (PV).

Objectives: To compare the clinical efficacy, side-effect profile, cost-effectiveness and changes in desmoglein (Dsg) levels in patients with PV treated with an Rtx biosimilar or DP.

Methods: This open-label prospective randomized controlled study (trial registration number CTRI/2020/04/032978) was conducted at the All India Institute for Medical Sciences in New Delhi, India, from November 2018 to September 2023.

Kingdom-specific lipid unsaturation calibrates sequence evolution in membrane arm subunits of eukaryotic respiratory complexes.

Sequence evolution of protein complexes (PCs) is constrained by protein-protein interactions (PPIs). PPI-interfaces are predominantly conserved and hotspots for disease-related mutations. How do lipid-protein interactions (LPIs) constrain sequence evolution of membrane-PCs? We explore Respiratory Complexes (RCs) as a case study as these allow to compare sequence evolution in subunits exposed to both lipids in inner-mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and lipid-free aqueous matrix.

Unravelling Eribulin's role in metastatic breast cancer: evaluating benefits for both triple negative and non-triple negative patients in real-world scenarios in resource-constrained settings.

Background: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients have numerous options for treatment. However, it is essential to consider treatments with favorable toxicity profiles and convenient modes of administration. Eribulin has shown effectiveness in aggressive MBC, but there is a lack of sufficient real-world data specific to Indian patients.

Neoteric Predictors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Tumor Budding and Worst Pattern of Invasion.

Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers seen in the Indian subcontinent. Its primary treatment is surgery with or without adjuvant treatment. Despite advances in science, prognosis and overall survival has not yet chanced over the past two decades.

miR-128-3p suppresses tumor growth and enhances chemosensitivity in tongue squamous cell carcinoma through MAP2K7 targeting.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are key players in cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy, notably target genes associated with drug resistance. While miRNA-128-3p is recognized for its involvement in various cancers, its specific role in tumorigenesis and cisplatin (CIS) resistance in tongue cancer remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we endeavoured to elucidate the significance of miR-128-3p in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), shedding light on its intricate functions and underlying mechanisms.

Higher left ventricular stroke volume is associated with aortic dilatation in repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients.

Aortic root dilation has been reported commonly after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. However, the rate and risk factors of progression of the dilation are not fully understood. This is a single-centre, retrospective study to assess the rate and factors associated with progressive dilatation of the aortic root in repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients using cardiac MRI.

Current Trends in Modalities of Pain Assessment: A Narrative Review.

Pain is a common complaint among a spectrum of diseases. Although an ideal objective method of pain assessment is lacking, several validated tools are available for use in clinical research and practice. The tool considerations are based upon the parameters to be assessed and factors specific to patient, disease, and availability of instruments.

H-NMR-based metabolomics reveals metabolic alterations in early development of a mouse model of Angelman syndrome.

Background: Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental genetic disorder caused by the loss of function of the ubiquitin ligase E3A (UBE3A) gene, affecting approximately 1:15,000 live births. We have recently shown that mitochondrial function in AS is altered during mid to late embryonic brain development leading to increased oxidative stress and enhanced apoptosis of neural precursor cells. However, the overall alterations of metabolic processes are still unknown.

Identification of coumarin - benzimidazole hybrids as potential antibacterial agents: Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo biological assessment, and ADMET prediction.

The direct-linked coumarin-benzimidazole hybrids, featuring aryl and n-butyl substituents at the N1-position of benzimidazole were synthesized through a Knoevenagel condensation reaction. This reaction involved the condensation of 1,2-diaminobenzene derivatives with coumarin-3-carboxylic acids in the presence of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) at 154 °C. The in vitro antibacterial potency of the hybrid molecules against different gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains led to the identification of the hybrids 6m and 6p with a MIC value of 6.

ZEB1-mediated fibroblast polarization controls inflammation and sensitivity to immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.

The EMT-transcription factor ZEB1 is heterogeneously expressed in tumor cells and in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in colorectal cancer (CRC). While ZEB1 in tumor cells regulates metastasis and therapy resistance, its role in CAFs is largely unknown. Combining fibroblast-specific Zeb1 deletion with immunocompetent mouse models of CRC, we observe that inflammation-driven tumorigenesis is accelerated, whereas invasion and metastasis in sporadic cancers are reduced.

Tissue characterization using axicon probe-assisted common-path optical coherence tomography.

In this work, a common-path optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is demonstrated for characterizing the tissue in terms of some optical properties. A negative axicon structure chemically etched inside the fiber tip is employed as optical probe in the OCT. This probe generates a quality Bessel beam owning a large depth-of-field, ∼700 µm and small central spot size, ∼3 µm.

Impact of oral health preventive program using specialized audio and tactile aids in visually impaired school children. A cross-sectional study.

Background: The maintenance of oral hygiene and subsequent health related issues in visually handicapped children is a challenging task. Hence, tools must be used to ensure good oral health in these children. The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of preventive programs on oral health using specialized audio and tactile aids in visually impaired school children.