Unilateral Graves' disease: a case report with concomitant thyroid cancer and systematic review of literature.

Introduction: Unilateral uptake (i.e., increased radiotracer in one lobe) on a thyroid scan in a patient with Graves' disease (GD) is the distinctive feature of unilateral GD (UGD), representing a rare entity and variant of GD with few documented cases to date.

Thyroid Hormones in Early Pregnancy and Birth Weight: A Retrospective Study.

Various factors influence intrauterine growth and birth weight. We investigated the possible association between first-trimester pregnancy thyroid functions and birth weight. A retrospective observational study was conducted from 31 March 2021 to 30 September 2022.

Glucose control during breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated patients with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: This study aims at evaluating the trend of glycemic control metrics during the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) using a Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) system and vaccinated against COVID-19.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study of T1D subjects who got a breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection between November 2021 and February 2022. Data of glycemic control of CGM-derived metrics were compared 14 days before COVID-19 (Time 1), 14 days during COVID-19 (Time 2) and 14 days after COVID-19 (Time 3).

Biochemical predictors of diabetic foot osteomyelitis: A potential diagnostic role for parathormone.

Aims: The aims of this study were to evaluate parathormone (PTH) levels in people with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and investigate the relationship between PTH levels and osteomyelitis (OM) in this population.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-eight patients were admitted for DFU in a tertiary-care centre from October 2021 to May 2022. OM was diagnosed by clinical, laboratory, and radiological evaluations.

Neuroimmunoendocrinology of SARS-CoV 2 Infection.

This review is aimed at illustrating and discussing the neuroimmune endocrinological aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in light of the studies on this topic that have so far appeared in the literature. The most characteristic findings and pending controversies were derived by PubMed and Scopus databases. We included original and observational studies, reviews, meta-analysis, and case reports.

Varicocele: An Endocrinological Perspective.

Varicocele affects 15% of male population but it is more frequently identified in patients searching medical care for infertility. The impact of varicocele on semen production and fertility is known, but the relationship between clinical varicocele and impaired hormonal production is not clear. In published literature there are some studies regarding hormonal alterations in patients with varicocele but no review in which all the hormonal findings are explained.

Impact of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for erectile dysfunction and Peyronie's disease on reproductive and hormonal testicular function.

Introduction: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy is an established treatment for erectile dysfunction and Peyronie's disease. Concerns regarding the safety of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for andrological purposes on testicular function were raised by animal studies.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for erectile dysfunction or Peyronie's disease on reproductive and hormonal testicular function.

Change in Circulating Levels of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Sexual Function in Women With Type 1 Diabetes.

Context: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which are involved in the mechanisms of vascular repair and sexual function, are decreased in diabetic women compared with general population.

Objective: This work aimed to investigate the circulating levels of EPCs and the change in sexual function during the menstrual cycle in women with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) compared with healthy women.

Methods: This case-control observational study was conducted at the Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases at University Hospital "Luigi Vanvitelli'' of Naples.

Assessment of Neuroendocrine Changes and Hypothalamo-Pituitary Autoimmunity in Patients with COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 may affect the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and pituitary dysfunction may occur. Therefore, we investigated neuroendocrine changes, in particular, secondary adrenal insufficiency, using a dynamic test and the role of autoimmunity in pituitary dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. The single-center, prospective, case-control study included patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 and healthy controls.

Beta-lactam monotherapy or combination therapy for bloodstream infections or pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a meta-analysis.

Objectives: To compare the clinical and microbiological outcomes of patients treated with beta-lactam monotherapy or combination therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library.

Study Eligibility Criteria And Interventions: Experimental and observational studies published as full papers up to December 2020 that compared the efficacy of beta-lactams used as monotherapy or in combination with other active agents as empirical or targeted therapy for bloodstream infections or hospital-acquired pneumonia/ventilator-associated pneumonia due to P.

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Autoimmunity in Patients Treated with Anti-PD-1 and Anti-PD-L1 Antibodies.

Background: Autoimmune hypophysitis is a frequent immune-related adverse event (irAE) in cancer patients treated with immunecheckpoint inhibitors. Studies seeking anti-pituitary (APA) and anti-hypothalamus (AHA) antibodies in patients treated with anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 are scarce. The aim of this study is to search for APA and AHA and related pituitary dysfunction in patients treated with these agents.

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Autoimmunity and Related Impairment of Hormone Secretions in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Context: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a severe chronic illness that reduces the quality of life. A potential role of neuroendocrine autoimmune dysfunction has been hypothesized.

Objective: This work aims to investigate the occurrence of antipituitary (APA) and antihypothalamic (AHA) antibodies and possible related hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunctions in ME/CSF patients.

Sexual dysfunctions and short-term glucose variability in young men with type 1 diabetes.

Purpose: Erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) are common sexual disorders in people with diabetes. Glucose variability (GV) has been recognized as a predictor of microvascular complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between glucose variability and sexual dysfunctions in young men with type 1 diabetes.

Effects of Mediterranean diet on semen parameters in healthy young adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Dietary regimens have so far been studied as possible determinants of semen quality and fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a Mediterranean diet, as compared with a low-fat diet, on seminal parameters of young healthy adults from southern Italy.

Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 160 young adults aged 18-30 years were assigned to Mediterranean diet (N.

Female Sexual Function in Young Women With Type 1 Diabetes and Additional Autoimmune Diseases.

Background: Female sexual dysfunctions (FSDs) are frequent concerns in women with type 1 diabetes (T1D), which is frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases (ADs).

Aim: To assess sexual function in young type 1 diabetic women with or without additional ADs.

Methods: Women with T1D aged 18-35 years with a stable couple relationship and no oral contraceptive use were enrolled.

Hypothalamitis: A Novel Autoimmune Endocrine Disease. A Literature Review and Case Report.

Context: The relationship between the endocrine system and autoimmunity has been recognized for a long time and one of the best examples of autoimmune endocrine disease is autoimmune hypophysitis. A better understanding of autoimmune mechanisms and radiological, biochemical, and immunological developments has given rise to the definition of new autoimmune disorders including autoimmunity-related hypothalamic-pituitary disorders. However, whether hypothalamitis may occur as a distinct entity is still a matter of debate.

Implications of ABO blood group in hypertensive patients with covid-19.

Hypertension is the most frequent co-morbidity in patients with covid-19 infection, and we might speculate that a specific blood group could play a key role in the clinical outcome of hypertensive patients with covid-19. : In this prospective study, we compared 0 vs. non-0 blood group in hypertensive patients with covid-19 infection.

Implications of AB0 blood group in hypertensive patients with covid-19.

Background: Hypertension is the most frequent co-morbidity in patients with covid-19 infection, and we might speculate that a specific blood group could play a key role in the clinical outcome of hypertensive patients with covid-19.

Methods: In this prospective study, we compared 0 vs. non-0 blood group in hypertensive patients with covid-19 infection.

Remission of Pituitary Autoimmunity Induced by Gluten-Free Diet in Patients With Celiac Disease.

Context: An improvement of some autoimmune diseases associated with celiac disease (CD) has been observed after a gluten-free diet (GFD).

Objective: The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the effect of a GFD on autoimmune pituitary impairment in patients with CD and potential/subclinical lymphocytic hypophysitis (LYH).

Design: Five-year longitudinal observational study.

Alterations in the Levels of Circulating and Endothelial Progenitor Cells Levels in Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A 2-Year Follow-Up from the Observational METRO Study.

Purpose: Type 1 diabetes is associated with high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Reduced levels of circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been indicated as a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes and death in people at high cardiovascular risk. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the change in CPCs and EPCs levels in a population of young type 1 diabetic patients treated with intensive insulin regimen over a period of 2 years.

Impact of Pituitary Autoimmunity and Genetic Disorders on Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children and Adults.

Growth hormone (GH), mostly through its peripheral mediator, the insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1), in addition to carrying out its fundamental action to promote linear bone growth, plays an important role throughout life in the regulation of intermediate metabolism, trophism and function of various organs, especially the cardiovascular, muscular and skeletal systems. Therefore, if a prepubertal GH secretory deficiency (GHD) is responsible for short stature, then a deficiency in adulthood identifies a nosographic picture classified as adult GHD syndrome, which is characterized by heart, muscle, bone, metabolic and psychic abnormalities. A GHD may occur in patients with pituitary autoimmunity; moreover, GHD may also be one of the features of some genetic syndromes in association with other neurological, somatic and immune alterations.

The role of autoimmunity in pituitary dysfunction due to traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of mortality and long-term disability and it is associated with an increased prevalence of neuroendocrine dysfunctions. Post-traumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP) results in major physical, psychological and social consequences leading to impaired quality of life. PTHP can occur at any time after traumatic event, evolving through various ways and degrees of deficit, requiring appropriate screening for early detection and treatment.

Autoimmune pituitary involvement in Prader-Willi syndrome: new perspective for further research.

The role of antipituitary antibodies in the pathophysiology of pituitary hormone deficiency has been increasingly elucidated over the last decade. Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder which includes hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction as one of its main features. We looked for autoimmune pituitary involvement in 55 adults with Prader-Willi syndrome, discovering that about 30% of them have a positive titer of antipituitary antibodies.

The Effects of Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Versus Multiple Insulin Injections on Glucose Variability in Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: The 2-Year Follow-Up of the Observational METRO Study.

Background: Type 1 diabetic patients have high instability of daily glucose levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy, compared with multiple daily injections of insulin (MDI), on glucose variability, in young type 1 diabetic patients transitioned to the adult diabetes care.

Methods: Patients aged 18-30 years and considered eligible for insulin pump therapy were included in the study.