Hypothalamitis: A Novel Autoimmune Endocrine Disease. A Literature Review and Case Report.

Context: The relationship between the endocrine system and autoimmunity has been recognized for a long time and one of the best examples of autoimmune endocrine disease is autoimmune hypophysitis. A better understanding of autoimmune mechanisms and radiological, biochemical, and immunological developments has given rise to the definition of new autoimmune disorders including autoimmunity-related hypothalamic-pituitary disorders. However, whether hypothalamitis may occur as a distinct entity is still a matter of debate.

Microneurosurgical removal of thalamic lesions: surgical results and considerations from a large, single-surgeon consecutive series.

Objective: The object of this study was to present the surgical results of a large, single-surgeon consecutive series of patients who had undergone transcisternal (TCi) or transcallosal-transventricular (TCTV) endoscope-assisted microsurgery for thalamic lesions.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of a consecutive series of patients harboring thalamic lesions and undergoing surgery at one institution between February 2007 and August 2019. All surgical and patient-related data were prospectively collected.

Primary intracranial intraventricular leiomyoma: a literature review.

Leiomyomas, benign tumors of well-differentiated smooth muscle and vascular collagenous tissue, usually occur in the uterus but can develop wherever smooth muscle is present. Primary intracranial leiomyomas are rare tumors. We present the case of a 40-year-old woman with a primary intraventricular leiomyoma.

Endoscope-Assisted Contralateral Perimedian Supracerebellar Suprapineal Approach to Third Ventricle Surface of the Thalamus: 3-Dimensional Operative Video.

In managing thalamic gliomas, total surgical removal is the most effective way of increasing overall survival. However, the thalamus is a difficult target because of surrounding neurovascular structures. According to the lesion's size/location/growth pattern, relation to neighboring structures, and surgeon's experience, most thalamic lesions can be reached through one of the 4 free surfaces: lateral ventricle, velar, cisternal, and third ventricle surfaces of the thalamus (3VsT).

Microneurosurgical Removal of a Globus Pallidus Tumor With Cottonoid-Guided Intraoperative Ultrasonography: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Neuronavigation systems are standard for guiding neurosurgery. Intraoperative-ultrasonography (ioUSG), a real-time neuronavigation modality used for 40-yr in neurosurgery, is easily available, low cost, and does not require excessive preparation. It provides accurate real-time data, even after brain shift.

Cisterna magna reconstruction with arachnoid suturing in brainstem surgery.

We present an effective and easily applied technique for cisterna magna reconstruction with arachnoid suturing in brainstem surgery. Suturing with 10-0 monofilament was done in a patient with a medulla oblongata hemangioblastoma (diagnosed von Hippel-Lindau disease). Seven years later, follow-up imaging revealed a new lesion close to the previous one and the patient underwent reoperation.

The Use of Osirix for Surgical Planning Using Cranial Measures and Region of Interest Tools: Technical Note.

Background: During the surgery for intrinsic brain lesions, it is important to plan the proper site of the craniotomy and to identify the relations with the gyri and superficial veins. This might be a challenge, especially in small subcortical lesions and when there is a distortion of the cortical anatomy.

Materials And Methods: Using the free computer software Osirix, we have created a 3-dimensional reconstruction of the head and cerebral showing the gyri and superficial veins.

Pontine cavernous malformation: microsurgery evading the floor of the fourth ventricle.

This video demonstrates resection of a left pontine cavernous malformation that is abutting the floor of the fourth ventricle (f4V). Even though accessing the lesion through the f4V seems to be reasonable, we used a lateral supracerebellar approach through the middle cerebellar peduncle to preserve especially the abducens and facial nuclei. After total resection the patient was neurologically intact at the 3-month follow-up.

Microneurosurgical Removal of a Cervical Intramedullary Tumor Via Hemilaminoplasty: 3-Dimensional Operative Video.

Intramedullary tumors of the spinal cord are rare and account for 2% to 8.5% of all central nervous system tumors. In adults, ependymomas are the most common intramedullary tumors.

The paramedian supracerebellar-transtentorial approach to remove a posterior fusiform gyrus arteriovenous malformation.

This is the case of a 14-year-old female who presented with headache and seizures. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) located at the posterior portion of the right-sided fusiform gyrus. Cerebral angiography showed that the AVM was fed mainly by branches from the inferior temporal trunk of the posterior cerebral artery.

Evaluating the importance of the tentorial angle in the paramedian supracerebellar-transtentorial approach for selective amygdalohippocampectomy.

Objective: A challenging step of the paramedian supracerebellar-transtentorial approach is to expose the anterior portion of the mediobasal-temporal region (MTR), a step that seems most affected by the steepness of the tentorium. The objective of this study was to define magnetic resonance imaging measurements that can predict the level of challenge in exposing the anterior portion of the MTR.

Methods: Cranial magnetic resonance imaging studies of 100 healthy individuals were examined.

The paramedian supracerebellar-transtentorial approach to the entire length of the mediobasal temporal region: an anatomical and clinical study. Laboratory investigation.

Object: The exploration of lesions in the mediobasal temporal region (MTR) has challenged generations of neurosurgeons to achieve an appropriate approach. To address this challenge, the extensive use of the paramedian supracerebellar-transtentorial (PST) approach to expose the entire length of the MTR, as well as the fusiform gyrus, was investigated.

Methods: The authors studied the microsurgical aspects of the PST approach in 20 cadaver brains and 5 cadaver heads under the operating microscope.