Nanoscale bismuth infused bioadhesive gelatin methacryloyl electrospun mats demonstrate excellent antibiofilm activity and biocompatibility.

Periodontal diseases affect a large portion of the global population, imposing significant health and economic burdens. Traditional treatments, including antibiotics, face challenges like antibiotic resistance and rapid clearance from target sites. The study addresses these issues using nanoscale antimicrobial bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) delivered through electrospun gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) nanofibrous mats.

Graphene nanocoating on titanium maintains structural and antibiofilm properties post-sterilization.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of sterilization methods on the structural integrity and antimicrobial properties of graphene nanocoating on titanium (GN).

Methods: GN was transferred to titanium using wet (WT) or dry transfer (DT) techniques and sterilized using an autoclave (AC), glutaraldehyde (GA), or ethylene oxide (EtO). The GN structure was characterized using Raman spectroscopy before and after sterilization.

Development and characterization of nitazoxanide-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) membrane for GTR/GBR applications.

Objective: Guided tissue/guided bone regeneration (GTR/GBR) membranes are widely used for periodontal bone regeneration, but their success depends on a bacteria-free environment. Systemic antibiotic treatment often proves inadequate, moreover, the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in oral infections exacerbates this challenge. This study aimed to fabricate antibacterial membranes using a new class of antibiotics for local drug delivery, to eradicate infections and promote tissue regeneration.

Guidance on the assessment of biocompatibility of biomaterials: Fundamentals and testing considerations.

Background: Assessing the biocompatibility of materials is crucial for ensuring the safety and well-being of patients by preventing undesirable, toxic, immune, or allergic reactions, and ensuring that materials remain functional over time without triggering adverse reactions. To ensure a comprehensive assessment, planning tests that carefully consider the intended application and potential exposure scenarios for selecting relevant assays, cell types, and testing parameters is essential. Moreover, characterizing the composition and properties of biomaterials allows for a more accurate understanding of test outcomes and the identification of factors contributing to cytotoxicity.

In Situ Bioprinting: Process, Bioinks, and Applications.

Traditional tissue engineering methods face challenges, such as fabrication, implantation of irregularly shaped scaffolds, and limited accessibility for immediate healthcare providers. In situ bioprinting, an alternate strategy, involves direct deposition of biomaterials, cells, and bioactive factors at the site, facilitating on-site fabrication of intricate tissue, which can offer a patient-specific personalized approach and align with the principles of precision medicine. It can be applied using a handled device and robotic arms to various tissues, including skin, bone, cartilage, muscle, and composite tissues.

Specimen Shape and Elution Time Affect the Mineralization and Differentiation Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells to Biodentine.

The liquid extract method is commonly used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of materials. Although ISO has recommended guidelines for test methods, variations in elution period, and shape of samples can influence the biological outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of material form and elution period of Biodentine on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)' proliferation and mineralization.

Three-dimensional eco-friendly bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) scaffold for regenerative dentistry: Characterization, cytocompatibility and differentiation potential.

Objective: Regenerative dentistry (RD) is an innovative strategy for treating necrotic teeth and regenerating damaged dental tissue. Biocompatible materials are pivotal for the advancement of RD, and the rising interest in environmental sustainability drives exploration of sustainable materials for dentistry. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has emerged as a promising eco-friendly option and this study aims to assess BNC's suitability as scaffolds for regenerative dentistry applications.

Advances in tissue engineering of cancer microenvironment-from three-dimensional culture to three-dimensional printing.

Cancer treatment development is a complex process, with tumor heterogeneity and inter-patient variations limiting the success of therapeutic intervention. Traditional two-dimensional cell culture has been used to study cancer metabolism, but it fails to capture physiologically relevant cell-cell and cell-environment interactions required to mimic tumor-specific architecture. Over the past three decades, research efforts in the field of 3D cancer model fabrication using tissue engineering have addressed this unmet need.

Photocrosslinkable methacrylated gelatin hydrogel as a cell-friendly injectable delivery system for chlorhexidine in regenerative endodontics.

Objectives: This work sought to formulate photocrosslinkable chlorhexidine (CHX)-laden methacrylated gelatin (CHX/GelMA) hydrogels with broad spectrum of action against endodontic pathogens as a clinically viable cell-friendly disinfection therapy prior to regenerative endodontics procedures.

Methods: CHX/GelMA hydrogel formulations were successfully synthesized using CHX concentrations between 0.12 % and 5 % w/v.

Advances in 3D bioprinting of tissues/organs for regenerative medicine and in-vitro models.

Tissue/organ shortage is a major medical challenge due to donor scarcity and patient immune rejections. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict or mimic the human disease condition in animal models during preclinical studies because disease phenotype differs between humans and animals. Three-dimensional bioprinting (3DBP) is evolving into an unparalleled multidisciplinary technology for engineering three-dimensional (3D) biological tissue with complex architecture and composition.

Innovations in Craniofacial Bone and Periodontal Tissue Engineering - From Electrospinning to Converged Biofabrication.

From a materials perspective, the pillars for the development of clinically translatable scaffold-based strategies for craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bone and periodontal regeneration have included electrospinning and 3D printing (biofabrication) technologies. Here, we offer a detailed analysis of the latest innovations in 3D (bio)printing strategies for CMF bone and periodontal regeneration and provide future directions envisioning the development of advanced 3D architectures for successful clinical translation. First, the principles of electrospinning applied to the generation of biodegradable scaffolds are discussed.

Three-dimensional printing of clinical scale and personalized calcium phosphate scaffolds for alveolar bone reconstruction.

Objective: Alveolar bone defects can be highly variable in their morphology and, as the defect size increases, they become more challenging to treat with currently available therapeutics and biomaterials. This investigation sought to devise a protocol for fabricating customized clinical scale and patient-specific, bioceramic scaffolds for reconstruction of large alveolar bone defects.

Methods: Two types of calcium phosphate (CaP)-based bioceramic scaffolds (alginate/β-TCP and hydroxyapatite/α-TCP, hereafter referred to as hybrid CaP and Osteoink™, respectively) were designed, 3D printed, and their biocompatibility with alveolar bone marrow stem cells and mechanical properties were determined.

Engineering of Injectable Antibiotic-laden Fibrous Microparticles Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel for Endodontic Infection Ablation.

This study aimed at engineering cytocompatible and injectable antibiotic-laden fibrous microparticles gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels for endodontic infection ablation. Clindamycin (CLIN) or metronidazole (MET) was added to a polymer solution and electrospun into fibrous mats, which were processed via cryomilling to obtain CLIN- or MET-laden fibrous microparticles. Then, GelMA was modified with CLIN- or MET-laden microparticles or by using equal amounts of each set of fibrous microparticles.

Injectable Multifunctional Drug Delivery System for Hard Tissue Regeneration under Inflammatory Microenvironments.

Engineering multifunctional hydrogel systems capable of amplifying the regenerative capacity of endogenous progenitor cells via localized presentation of therapeutics under tissue inflammation is central to the translation of effective strategies for hard tissue regeneration. Here, we loaded dexamethasone (DEX), a pleotropic drug with anti-inflammatory and mineralizing abilities, into aluminosilicate clay nanotubes (halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs)) to engineer an injectable multifunctional drug delivery system based on photo-cross-linkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel. In detail, a series of hydrogels based on GelMA formulations containing distinct amounts of DEX-loaded nanotubes was analyzed for physicochemical and mechanical properties and kinetics of DEX release as well as compatibility with mesenchymal stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs).

Personalized and Defect-Specific Antibiotic-Laden Scaffolds for Periodontal Infection Ablation.

Periodontitis compromises the integrity and function of tooth-supporting structures. Although therapeutic approaches have been offered, predictable regeneration of periodontal tissues remains intangible, particularly in anatomically complex defects. In this work, personalized and defect-specific antibiotic-laden polymeric scaffolds containing metronidazole (MET), tetracycline (TCH), or their combination (MET/TCH) were created via electrospinning.

Metformin-loaded nanospheres-laden photocrosslinkable gelatin hydrogel for bone tissue engineering.

The aim of this investigation was to engineer metformin (MF)-loaded mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs)-laden gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) photocrosslinkable hydrogels and test their effects on the mechanical properties, swelling ratio, drug release, cytocompatibility, and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). As-received and carboxylated MSNs (MSNs-COOH) were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM), as well as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) prior to hydrogel modification. MF-MSNs-COOH were obtained by loading MF into MSNs at a 1:1 mass ratio.

Root canal debridement efficacy of heated sodium hypochlorite in conjunction with passive ultrasonic agitation: An ex vivo study.

This study aimed to investigate the endodontic debridement efficacy of different sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation regimens with and without ultrasonic agitation, followed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after using a rotary instrumentation system. Mandibular premolars (n=50) were randomly divided into five experimental groups (n=10) for root canal instrumentation with ProTaper Universal rotary system up to F3. The root canal system was treated with intracanal-heated NaOCl (100°C) or preheated NaOCl (55°C), followed by ultrasonic agitation and EDTA treatment.

Hybrid Antimicrobial Hydrogel as Injectable Therapeutics for Oral Infection Ablation.

Oral bacterial infection represents the leading cause of the gradual destruction of tooth and periodontal structures anchoring the teeth. Lately, injectable hydrogels have gained increased attention as a promising minimally invasive platform for localized delivery of personalized therapeutics. Here, an injectable and photocrosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel is successfully engineered with ciprofloxacin (CIP)-eluting short nanofibers for oral infection ablation.

Highly tunable bioactive fiber-reinforced hydrogel for guided bone regeneration.

One of the most damaging pathologies that affects the health of both soft and hard tissues around the tooth is periodontitis. Clinically, periodontal tissue destruction has been managed by an integrated approach involving elimination of injured tissues followed by regenerative strategies with bone substitutes and/or barrier membranes. Regrettably, a barrier membrane with predictable mechanical integrity and multifunctional therapeutic features has yet to be established.

Extracellular Matrix/Amorphous Magnesium Phosphate Bioink for 3D Bioprinting of Craniomaxillofacial Bone Tissue.

Bioprinting, a promising field in regenerative medicine, holds great potential to create three-dimensional, defect-specific vascularized bones with tremendous opportunities to address unmet craniomaxillofacial reconstructive challenges. A cytocompatible bioink is a critical prerequisite to successfully regenerate functional bone tissue. Synthetic self-assembling peptides have a nanofibrous structure resembling the native extracellular matrix (ECM), making them an excellent bioink component.

Electrospinning of dexamethasone/cyclodextrin inclusion complex polymer fibers for dental pulp therapy.

Beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is an oligosaccharide commonly used to improve the aqueous solubility of lipophilic drugs (e.g., dexamethasone, DEX).

Injectable MMP-Responsive Nanotube-Modified Gelatin Hydrogel for Dental Infection Ablation.

A photocrosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel has been widely examined in regenerative engineering because of its good cell-tissue affinity and degradability in the presence of matrix metalloproteinases. A halloysite aluminosilicate nanotube (HNT) is a known reservoir for the loading and sustained delivery of therapeutics. Here, we formulate injectable chlorhexidine (CHX)-loaded nanotube-modified GelMA hydrogel that is cytocompatible and biodegradable and provides sustained release of CHX for infection ablation while displaying good biocompatibility.

Comparative Evaluation of the Cytotoxic and Angiogenic Effects of Minocycline and Clindamycin: An In Vitro Study.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the cytocompatibility and angiogenic potential of 2 antibiotics (clindamycin [CLIN] and minocycline [MINO]) at distinct concentrations on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Methods: DPSCs and HUVECs were exposed to cell culture media modified with CLIN or MINO at concentrations ranging from 30 μg/mL-1000 μg/mL. Cell toxicity and proliferation were investigated using the lactate dehydrogenase and tetrazolium reduction assays, respectively.