The interconnection between dietary fibre, gut microbiome and psychological well-being.

This review highlights the importance of dietary fibres (DF) intake and its interconnection with the gut microbiome and psychological well-being, while also exploring the effects of existing DF interventions on these aspects in adults. The gut microbiota is a complex and diverse ecosystem in which microbial species interact, influencing the human host. DF are heterogeneous, requiring different microbial species to degrade the complex DF structures.

Immunocompetent cell targeting by food-additive titanium dioxide.

Food-grade titanium dioxide (fgTiO) is a bio-persistent particle under intense regulatory scrutiny. Yet paradoxically, the only known cell reservoirs for fgTiO are graveyard intestinal pigment cells which are metabolically and immunologically quiescent. Here we identify immunocompetent cell targets of fgTiO in humans, most notably in the subepithelial dome region of intestinal Peyer's patches.

Impact of infant nutrition on gut and brain nitrogenous metabolomes: Comparison of human milk and infant formula feeding in the minipiglet model.

The effect of infant nutrition on the metabolism of different body compartments is poorly described. Hence, the present study aimed to characterize the effect of human milk (HM) vs. infant formula (IF) feeding on metabolic mediators in key samples crucial for metabolic activity through the gut-brain axis during infant development, using the minipiglet as a human infant model.

Dietary patterns influencing the human colonic microbiota from infancy to centenarian age: a narrative review.

Our dietary choices not only affect our body but also shape the microbial community inhabiting our large intestine. The colonic microbiota strongly influences our physiology, playing a crucial role in both disease prevention and development. Hence, dietary strategies to modulate colonic microbes have gained notable attention.

Impact of Mānuka Honey on Symptoms and Quality of Life in Individuals With Functional Dyspepsia: Protocol for a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Functional dyspepsia is a common gastrointestinal condition that reduces the quality of life and increases health care costs. The lack of well-defined causes limits effective treatments. Consumers report using mānuka honey to treat gastrointestinal symptoms, although clinical evidence supporting such use is limited.

Complementary foods in infants: an study of the faecal microbial composition and organic acid production.

The transition from breastmilk to complementary foods is critical for maturing the colonic microbiota of infants. Dietary choices at weaning can lead to long-lasting microbial changes, potentially influencing health later in life. However, the weaning phase remains underexplored in colonic microbiome research, and the current understanding of how complementary foods impact the infant's colonic microbiota is limited.

Effects of defatted rice bran-fortified bread on gut microbiome, cardiovascular risk, gut discomfort, wellbeing and gut physiology in healthy adults with low dietary fibre intake.

Background & Aims: Inadequate dietary fibre (DF) intake is associated with suboptimal gut function and increased risk of several human diseases. Bread is commonly consumed and is ideal to incorporate cereal bran to increase DF content. No human studies have investigated the effects of defatted rice bran (DRB) in bread, which has triple the DF of white bread, purported hypo-allergenicity and a unique nutrient profile, as a dietary intervention in healthy adults.

Characterisation of the Plasma and Faecal Metabolomes in Participants with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders.

There is evidence of perturbed microbial and host processes in the gastrointestinal tract of individuals with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) compared to healthy controls. The faecal metabolome provides insight into the metabolic processes localised to the intestinal tract, while the plasma metabolome highlights the overall perturbances of host and/or microbial responses. This study profiled the faecal ( = 221) and plasma ( = 206) metabolomes of individuals with functional constipation (FC), constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C), functional diarrhoea (FD), diarrhoea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) and healthy controls (identified using the Rome Criteria IV) using multimodal LC-MS technologies.

Toxicity of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) on oligodendrocytes during embryonic zebrafish development.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants heavily utilized across plastic, textile and electronic industries. Although these PBDEs are effective in protecting property and human life from fire, their high production volumes have led PBDEs to become pervasive environmental contaminants and pose an ecological and health risk as high levels have been noted in environmental media including water and sediment, wildlife and human tissue. Here we investigate the developmental neurotoxicity of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), one of the more dominant PBDE congeners found in human tissue, on oligodendrocytes in the hindbrain and spinal cord.

Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effects of the Daily Consumption of Ruminant Milk on Digestive Comfort and Nutrition in Older Women: The YUMMI Study.

Background: Age-related changes can lead to dietary insufficiency in older adults. The inclusion of high-quality, nutrient-dense foods such as ruminant milks can significantly improve health outcomes. However, many older adults worldwide do not meet daily milk intake recommendations because of digestive discomfort and health concerns.

The effect of complementary foods on the colonic microbiota of weaning infants: a systematic review.

The transition from breastmilk to solid foods (weaning) is a decisive stage for the development of the colonic microbiota. However, little is known about how complementary foods influence the composition and function of the colonic microbiota in infants. This systematic review collected evidence of the effect of individual foods on the fecal microbiota of weaning infants (4-12 months old) using five databases: PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect.

Heat Treatment of Bovine Milk Influences Gastric Emptying of Lactose but not its Apparent Small Intestinal Disappearance in the Growing Pig as a Model for the Adult Human.

Background: Heat treatment influences gastric emptying of proteins and lipids in bovine milk. Whether heat treatment influences lactose gastric emptying and small intestinal lactose disappearance remains unknown.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the gastric emptying of lactose and its disappearance from the small intestine of the growing pig as a model for the adult human.

Advancing microbiome research in Māori populations: insights from recent literature exploring the gut microbiomes of underrepresented and Indigenous peoples.

The gut microbiome plays vital roles in human health, including mediating metabolism, immunity, and the gut-brain axis. Many ethnicities remain underrepresented in gut microbiome research, with significant variation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples due to dietary, socioeconomic, health, and urbanization differences. Although research regarding the microbiomes of Indigenous peoples is increasing, Māori microbiome literature is lacking despite widespread inequities that Māori populations face.

Nourishing the Infant Gut Microbiome to Support Immune Health: Protocol of SUN (Seeding Through Feeding) Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The introduction of complementary foods during the first year of life influences the diversity of the gut microbiome. How this diversity affects immune development and health is unclear.

Objective: This study evaluates the effect of consuming kūmara or kūmara with added banana powder (resistant starch) compared to a reference control at 4 months post randomization on the prevalence of respiratory tract infections and the development of the gut microbiome.

Effects of Defatted Rice Bran-Fortified Bread on the Gut Microbiota Composition of Healthy Adults With Low Dietary Fiber Intake: Protocol for a Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Inadequate dietary fiber (DF) intake is associated with several human diseases. Bread is commonly consumed, and its DF content can be increased by incorporating defatted rice bran (DRB).

Objective: This first human study on DRB-fortified bread primarily aims to assess the effect of DRB-fortified bread on the relative abundance of a composite of key microbial genera and species in fecal samples.

Food-breastmilk combinations alter the colonic microbiome of weaning infants: an study.

The introduction of solid foods to infants, also known as weaning, is a critical point for the development of the complex microbial community inhabiting the human colon, impacting host physiology in infancy and later in life. This research investigated the impact of food-breastmilk combinations on growth and metabolite production by colonic microbes of New Zealand weaning infants using the metagenome-scale metabolic model named Microbial Community. Eighty-nine foods were individually combined with breastmilk, and the 12 combinations with the strongest influence on the microbial production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) were identified.

Unsupervised machine learning highlights the challenges of subtyping disorders of gut-brain interaction.

Background: Unsupervised machine learning describes a collection of powerful techniques that seek to identify hidden patterns in unlabeled data. These techniques can be broadly categorized into dimension reduction, which transforms and combines the original set of measurements to simplify data, and cluster analysis, which seeks to group subjects based on some measure of similarity. Unsupervised machine learning can be used to explore alternative subtyping of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) compared to the existing gastrointestinal symptom-based definitions of Rome IV.

Effects of Different Protein Sources on Amino Acid Absorption and Plasma Appearance of Tryptophan, Large Neutral Amino Acids, and Tryptophan Metabolites in Pigs.

Background: Absorption of tryptophan (TRP) across the gut epithelium is potentially modulated by competing large neutral amino acids (LNAAs), which could affect the appearance of TRP and its metabolites in the bloodstream.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine, in a growing pig model of an adult human, the absorption of TRP and other LNAAs from the gastrointestinal tract, and plasma appearance of TRP, LNAAs, and TRP metabolites, in response to dietary proteins varying in TRP content.

Methods: Pigs were adapted for 7 d to each of 4 diets that differed in their protein source and TRP content: 1) alpha-lactalbumin (AL; 9.

A metabolomics analysis of interspecies and seasonal trends in ruminant milk: The molecular difference between bovine, caprine, and ovine milk.

Ruminant milk composition can be affected by many factors, primarily interspecies differences, but also environmental factors (e.g., season, feeding system, and feed composition).

Dynamic Gastrointestinal Digestion of Bovine, Caprine and Ovine Milk Reconstituted from Commercial Whole Milk Powders.

The global dairy market has been increasingly diversified with more dairy product offerings of milk products from different animal species. Meanwhile, milk powders remain the main exported dairy product format due to their ease of transportation. In this work, we studied the structural changes, protein hydrolysis and nutrient delivery during dynamic gastric digestion and small intestinal digestion of cow, goat and sheep milk reconstituted from commercial whole milk powders.

The impact of heat-set milk protein gel textures modified by pH on circulating amino acid appearance and gastric function in healthy female adults: a randomised controlled trial.

Modification of dairy proteins during processing impacts structural assemblies, influencing textural and nutritional properties of dairy products, and release and availability of amino acids during digestion. By modifying only pH, acid heat-set bovine dairy gels with divergent textural properties were developed to alter protein digestion. assay confirmed faster digestion of protein from a firm gel (pH 5.

Effects of a Flavonoid-Rich Blackcurrant Beverage on Markers of the Gut-Brain Axis in Healthy Females: Secondary Findings From a 4-Week Randomized Crossover Control Trial.

The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a promising target to alleviate the growing burden of neurologic and mental health disorders. Dietary polyphenols act on multiple components of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, but this complex relationship requires further attention. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial (ACTRN12622000850774) compared 4 wk of a commercially available flavonoid-rich blackcurrant beverage (FBB; 151 mg anthocyanins, 308 mg total polyphenols) with placebo in 40 healthy females (18-45 y).

Heat Treatment and Homogenization Influence the Gastric Digestion of Bovine Milk Protein in Growing Pigs as an Adult Human Model.

Background: Bovine milk processing influences the structure of the curd formed during gastric digestion, which may alter gastric protein hydrolysis and impact amino acid (AA) release into the small intestine.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the influence of heat treatment and homogenization on the gastric protein digestion and AA emptying of bovine milk.

Methods: Nine-wk-old pigs (n = 144) consumed either raw, pasteurized nonhomogenized (PNH), pasteurized homogenized (PH), or ultra-high-temperature homogenized (UHT) bovine milk for 10 d.

Effects of Green and Gold Kiwifruit Varieties on Antioxidant Neuroprotective Potential in Pigs as a Model for Human Adults.

Kiwifruit (KF) has shown neuroprotective potential in cell-based and rodent models by augmenting the capacity of endogenous antioxidant systems. This study aimed to determine whether KF consumption modulates the antioxidant capacity of plasma and brain tissue in growing pigs. Eighteen male pigs were divided equally into three groups: (1) bread, (2) bread + cv.