Comparative study of intraocular pressure variation among healthy and diabetic individuals.

Background: Diabetes and glaucoma share several common risk factors and pathophysiological similarities. Elevated intraocular pressure, a key pathogenic feature of glaucoma and its progression, has been found to be influenced in diabetic patients. Furthermore, a link between poor glycemic control and increased intraocular pressure has been documented.

Dietary Status and the Effect of Flaxseed Supplementation on the Severity of Perimenopausal Symptoms.

Background Perimenopause is a transitional phase leading to menopause, increasing the risk of various associated diseases. Given the potential adverse effects of long-term conventional treatments, flaxseed serves as a promising nonpharmacological alternative for perimenopausal prevention. Objective Given the limited research on perimenopause and the potential of flaxseed as a prophylactic therapy for associated symptoms and their severity in later stages or before menopause, this study aims to examine the effects of flaxseed on perimenopausal symptom severity and its relationship with dietary nutrient intake.

Association between antihypertensive drug use and the risk of depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Hypertension is the biggest and most prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Depression is the most common psychiatric illness worldwide. Many studies have linked the development of new depression to the use of antihypertensive drugs.

Impact of Osteocalcin on Glycemic Regulation and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide health issue impacting millions of individuals. In recent years, bone has been identified as an endocrine organ that regulates glucose metabolism by the release of osteocalcin, an osteoblast-specific hormone, which affects fat accumulation and blood glucose levels. Osteocalcin has been associated with insulin sensitivity and glucose control.

Correlation Between Salivary Cortisol Levels and Diurnal Variation in Spirometric Parameters in Apparently Healthy Adults.

Background: This study investigated diurnal variations in spirometric parameters and their correlation with salivary cortisol levels among apparently healthy adults.

Methods: Forty subjects, aged 18-22, were assessed. Spirometric parameters, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow during 25%-75% of expiration, and peak expiratory flow rate, were measured in the morning, afternoon, and evening.

Night shift-induced circadian disruption: links to initiation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and risk of hepatic cancer.

The circadian system plays a crucial role in regulating metabolic homeostasis at both systemic and tissue levels by synchronizing the central and peripheral clocks with exogenous time cues, known as zeitgebers (such as the light/dark cycle). Our body's behavioral rhythms, including sleep-wake cycles and feeding-fasting patterns, align with these extrinsic time cues. The body cannot effectively rest and repair itself when circadian rhythms are frequently disrupted.

Role of dietary potassium and salt substitution in the prevention and management of hypertension.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the leading cause of deaths and disability worldwide and the major contributor is hypertension. Despite all the improvements in detecting hypertension together with technological advances and affordable, efficacious and relatively free of adverse effects anti-hypertensive agents, we continue to struggle to prevent the onset of hypertension and to control blood pressure (BP) to acceptable targets. The poor control of hypertension is commonly due to non-adherence to medications.

Position statement on hypertension by Indian Society of Hypertension, 2023.

The Indian Society of Hypertension (InSH) highlights the urgency for India-specific guidelines on hypertension management. Hypertension affects over one billion people worldwide, with India bearing a significant burden due to its population, diversity, and demographics. In India, hypertension affects 21% of women and 24% of men, while pre-hypertension affects 39% of women and 49% of men.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, is associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA is a major contributor to cardiac, cerebrovascular, and metabolic disorders as well as to premature death.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was done for 1 year in 103 patients of MetS diagnosed by the International Diabetes Federation criteria.

May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening campaign results from India.

Raised blood pressure (BP) is the leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases that makes a major impact on early mortality and morbidity. Recognizing hypertension in the community, educating people about routine BP monitoring, and improving medication compliance are all important steps in detecting, controlling, and managing hypertension. During the course of 5 months, members of the Indian Society of Hypertension organized unique medical indoor and outdoor camps at 100 screening locations around India for the May Measurement Month (MMM) 2021 study.

Comparative Analysis of P-selectin Levels in Psoriasis, Vitiligo, and Nonskin Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction: The role and function of P-selectin levels in various inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases have been established. Whether they have an association with inflammatory skin diseases such as vitiligo and psoriasis needs to be established.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess P-selectin levels in psoriasis and vitiligo and to compare them with matched controls without skin disease.

Effects of Ashwagandha ( ) standardized root extract on physical endurance and VO in healthy adults performing resistance training: An eight-week, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Ashwagandha is a well-known Ayurvedic herb used for youthful vigor and wellbeing. This study investigated the effects of 600 mg standardized root extract (>5% withanolides) of Ashwagandha ( ) on muscle size, strength and cardiorespiratory endurance following resistance training.

Methods: In this eight-week, parallel-group, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study, 80 healthy male and female participants aged 18-45 years, who engaged in regular physical activity were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive Ashwagandha (AG, n=40) 300 mg capsules twice daily for eight weeks, or identical placebo (PB, n=40).

Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of oleanolic acid and its derivatives.

The pentacyclic triterpenes represent a significant class of plant bioactives with a variety of structures and a wide array of biological activities. These are biosynthetically produced via the mevalonate pathway although occasionally mixed pathways may also occur to introduce structural divergence. Oleanolic acid is one of the most explored bioactive from this class of compounds and possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological and biological activities including liver protection, anti-cancer, atherosclerosis, anti-inflammation, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anti-oxidative, anti-diabetic etc.

Anthropometry and blood biomarkers of diabetes and their possible association with obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Background: Diabetes, a rapidly increasing heterogeneous disorder, is closely linked to the epidemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). At present, we do not understand completely the blood biomarkers, molecular aetiology, and role of lifestyle modification and interventions to combat diabetes hand in hand with obesity and the MetS epidemic.

Methods: To measure different anthropometric and blood biomarkers in pre-diabetic and diabetic patients, we collected data and blood samples from patients in a hospital OPD.

Fortifying Micronutrient Supplementation in India: Indian Expert consensus.

Micronutrients play a key role in human health, being involved in energy metabolism, immunity, cellular functioning, growth, and development. Deficiencies in micronutrients occur in individuals of all ages due to several factors, including inadequate diets, disease states, and overweight/obesity. Guidelines from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) Expert Group on Nutrient Requirements for Indians (2023) have specified the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for macronutrients and micronutrients.

Non-invasive predictors to grade esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis patients.

Background: Portal hypertension commonly occurs due to liver cirrhosis, and esophageal varices (EV) is one of the major complications associated with it. The most common cause of death in liver cirrhosis is EV bleeding. Hence, GE screening for EV is required, which is an invasive procedure.

Impact of Flaxseed Oil Supplementation on Tobacco Dependence, Craving, and Haematological Parameters in Tobacco-Dependent Subjects.

Background Tobacco is prevalently used in smoking or smokeless forms and remains a major public health concern worldwide, with its adverse effects on overall health. Omega-3 fatty acid (FA) has shown its promising effects in various health conditions. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of flaxseed oil (omega-3 supplementation) on tobacco dependence, craving, withdrawal symptoms, and haematological parameters in tobacco users.

Chronomedicine Insights: Evaluating the Impact of Time-Restricted Meal Intake on Lipid Profile Parameters Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes in Northern India.

Introduction: Time-restricted meal intake (TRM) has shown potential benefits such as enhanced insulin sensitivity, lowered blood sugar levels, and possible weight loss in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our study aimed to investigate the impact of TRM on lipid profile parameters such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in fasting conditions in T2DM patients.

Methods: In total, 400 patients from the endocrinology department at King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow were enrolled in this study, adhering to the guidelines of the American Diabetes Association (ADA).

The Impact of Time-Restricted Meal Intake on Glycemic Control and Weight Management in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: An 18-Month Longitudinal Study.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the impact of time-restricted meal intake (TRM) on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A total of 400 patients diagnosed with T2DM were selected from the Endocrinology Department at King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines and specific criteria. A total of 127 patients were lost to follow-up, resulting in 273 patients who completed the study.

Correlation of serum uric acid levels with certain anthropometric parameters in prediabetic and drug-naive diabetic subjects.

Introduction: Uric acid is produced during the metabolism of nucleotide and adenosine triphosphate and contains the final product of human purine metabolism. It acts both as an antioxidant and pro-inflammatory marker and has a positive association with visceral fat in overweight subjects. The aim of the present study is to find an association of uric acid level with certain anthropometric parameters in subjects having type 2 diabetes.

Clinical Evaluation of a Novel, Patented Green Coffee Bean Extract (GCB70®), Enriched in 70% Chlorogenic Acid, in Overweight Individuals.

Objective: Obesity and overweight are challenging health problems of the millennium that lead to diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and atherosclerosis. Green coffee bean exhibited significant promise in healthy weight management, potentiating glucose-insulin sensitization and supporting liver health. The safety and efficacy of a novel, patented water-soluble green coffee bean extract (GCB70® enriched in 70% total chlorogenic acid and <1% caffeine) was investigated in 105 participants for 12 consecutive weeks.

GeogRaphic and socioecoNomic Distribution of real-world Indian data of home blood pressure monitoring (GRAND Study): Study protocol for an observational study in 18 medical centers across India.

One-fourth of death in India is attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and more than 80% is related to ischemic heart disease and stroke. The main risk factor for CVD is hypertension. Every third person in India suffers from hypertension and the prevalence increased drastically in the past 20 years, especially among the youngest age group of 20 and 44 years.

The HOPE Asia Network consensus on blood pressure measurements corresponding to office measurements: Automated office, home, and ambulatory blood pressures.

For adopting recently introduced hypertension phenotypes categorized using office and out of office blood pressure (BP) for the diagnosis of hypertension and antihypertension drug therapy, it is mandatory to define the corresponding out of office BP with the specific target BP recommended by the major guidelines. Such conditions include white-coat hypertension (WCH), masked hypertension (MH), white-coat uncontrolled hypertension (WUCH), and masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH). Here, the authors review the relevant literature and discuss the related issue to facilitate the use of corresponding BPs for proper diagnosis of WCH, MH, WUCH, and MUCH in the setting of standard target BP as well as intensive target BP.