Models, components and outcomes of palliative and end-of-life care provided to adults living at home: A systematic umbrella review of reviews.

Background: There is growing demand for home-based palliative care because of patient preference, and increased number of deaths. Optimal models for community-based palliative and end-of-life care are unknown.

Aim: To identify, synthesise and describe review-level evidence to better understand models of palliative and end-of-life care for adults living at home, and examine components of these models and their association with outcomes.

Knowledge and attitudes towards the WHO surgical safety checklist among healthcare workers in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) surgical safety checklist (SSC) is a crucial tool for improving patient safety in surgical settings. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards WHO SSC among healthcare professionals in Mogadishu, Somalia, and identify factors associated with these outcomes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2024 among 422 healthcare professionals in Mogadishu.

Intestinal Obstruction Secondary to Cecal Volvulus as a Result of Intestinal Nonrotation: A Case Report.

One of the extremely uncommon manifestations of malrotation is nonrotation, a condition that arises due to the complete failure of the midgut to rotate 270 degrees. The true prevalence in adults remains obscure due to the scarcity of the condition. A standard surgical approach to management is therefore lacking, and an increasing number of case reports is required to establish evidence-based recommendations.

Green Efficient Synthesis of [1,3,4]Thiadiazole-Tethered Alkoxyaryl Hydrazones: Evaluation of Antitumor Activities and Molecular Docking Studies.

Hydrazono-[1,3,4]-thiadiazoles have a prominent position among the heterocyclic compounds due to their broadening aspects of biological activities. In the current study, a neoteric series of [1,3,4]-thiadiazoles tethered to alkoxyaryl hydrazone has been formulated via the treatment of methyl 2-[3-(pentyloxy)-benzylidene]-hydrazine-1-carbodithioate and hydrazonoyl chlorides in ethanolic solution under thermal conditions. DABCO, as an environmentally nontoxic material, was utilized as a superior basic catalyst for the latter reaction.

The Differences in the Evolutionary Dynamics of MERS and SARS Coronaviruses.

SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are two coronaviruses that have received significant attention due to their high pathogenicity and mortality rates in human populations. In this study, we compared their evolutionary dynamics to provide a One Health perspective on their differences in terms of the results of disease control. The phylogenetic network of SARS-CoVs showed that human isolates gathered into a "super-spreader" cluster and were distinct from civet isolates.

Antioxidant Capacity and Therapeutic Applications of Honey: Health Benefits, Antimicrobial Activity and Food Processing Roles.

Honey is a natural product of honeybees that has been consumed for centuries due to its nutritional value and potential health benefits. Recent scientific research has focused on its antioxidant capacity, which is linked to a variety of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, enzymes (e.g.

Proteus mirabilis in ICU Patients: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Future Expectations of Bloodstream Infections.

Background is an emerging but under-recognized cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in intensive care unit (ICU) settings, where invasive procedures and immunocompromised states increase vulnerability. Despite its clinical importance, the epidemiology and risk factors associated with BSIs remain poorly understood, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Gap Most existing studies generalize Gram-negative pathogens without isolating the specific impact of in ICU populations.

Unusual mechanism of vascular trauma: Femoral artery penetration by wooden stick and delayed repair case report.

Introduction And Importance: Penetrating vascular trauma in the pediatric population is uncommon but can lead to serious complications, especially with delayed presentation. Injuries involving the superficial femoral artery (SFA) are rare and pose diagnostic and management challenges, particularly in resource-limited rural settings. Retained foreign bodies such as wooden sticks further complicate vascular injuries and increase the risk of infection and thrombosis.

Insights on Regioselective Synthesis of Fused Thiazoles: Density Functional Theory Calculations, Local Reactivity Indices, and Molecular Electrostatic Potential Analysis.

A regioselective protocol is developed and validated for the synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]thiazoles and polycyclic-fused thiazoles through the reactions of 2-[((E)-benzylidene)hydrazono]-5-[(Z)-4-methoxybenzylidene]thiazolidin-4-one with hydrazine derivatives or heterocyclic amines, respectively. The products are confirmed by spectral and elemental analyses. Density functional theory studies, including frontier molecular orbital analysis, local reactivity indices, and molecular electrostatic potential mapping, explain the observed regioselectivity and support a proposed reaction mechanism.

Management of microbial keratitis by private pharmacies in Uganda: a study of knowledge, attitude, and practice.

Purpose: To determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacy attendants in the management of microbial keratitis.

Methods: This mixed-methods study was conducted in selected pharmacies and drug shops located in Mbarara City between March and May 2022. We administered questionnaires assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to microbial keratitis (MK) to 140 pharmacy attendants (PAs) in the drug shops and pharmacies.

Neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing potentials of herbal remedies: Focus on St. John's wort, green tea, and Ashwagandha.

Neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairments represent significant global health challenges, necessitating the exploration of alternative and complementary therapeutic options. Herbal remedies, known for their bioactive compounds, have garnered attention for their potential neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects. This review focuses on three widely studied herbal agents, including St.

The effect of multifrequency ultrasound treatments on structure, rheological, and digestive properties of starch in frozen wheat dough.

This study explores the impact of multifrequency ultrasonic treatments on the properties of wheat frozen dough starch at different treatment times (15, 25, and 35 min). Fundamental properties analyzed included particle size, solubility, swelling power, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), morphological traits, digestibility, and rheological characteristics. Results indicate that ultrasonication (US) enhances the amylose content, solubility, and swelling power of the frozen wheat dough starch.

Effect of Statin Therapy on Neurological Outcomes in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis of 1464 Patients.

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a life-threatening condition complicated by cerebral vasospasm and deterioration of neurological functions. Statins have been proven to reduce the incidence of vasospasm and limit the neurological deterioration with controversial data. We aimed to give a comprehensive assessment of statins in patients with aSAH.

The clinical value of the EpCAM biomarker and its association with immune cell infiltration in bladder cancer.

Background: Bladder cancer is characterized by its heterogeneous nature and high propensity for recurrence and progression. The absence of reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to accurately identify high-risk patients further complicates the clinical management of the disease. MOC-31, an antibody that targets epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), is utilized to distinguish between mesothelioma and metastatic cancer, but its clinical utility, prognostic value and functional dynamics in bladder cancer have yet to be verified.

Reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics approaches for multi-epitope vaccine design against Klebsiella pneumoniae reveal a novel vaccine target protein.

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), a Gram-negative pathogen, is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections in Sudan and worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains has severely limited treatment options, underscoring the urgent need for an effective vaccine.

Proteomic profiling identifies serpin G1, ApoA-II, and LBP as potential biomarkers of dementia in an Egyptian cohort.

Background: Dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a growing concern in Egypt, yet biomarker research in this population is scarce. Identifying serum biomarkers is essential for early diagnosis and understanding disease mechanisms in underrepresented groups.

Methods: We performed serum proteomic profiling on 20 Egyptian dementia patients and 10 cognitively unimpaired controls from the Egyptian Dementia Registry using mass spectrometry.

Risk Factors for Wound Complications and Hernia Recurrence in Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Incisional hernia (IH) remains a frequent and challenging postoperative complication, often requiring complex abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR). This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of AWR and identify risk factors for wound complications and hernia recurrence at a district general hospital.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Queen's Hospital Burton, including 42 patients who underwent elective midline AWR between June 2017 and December 2023.

Effects of anesthesia on tumor perfusion and infiltration during brain tumor neurosurgery.

Brain tumor surgeries are among the most challenging procedures in neurosurgery, necessitating careful anesthetic management to achieve maximal tumor resection while preserving neurological function. Anesthesia affects key physiological parameters, including cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and blood-brain barrier permeability, which are crucial in determining surgical outcomes. This mini-review examines the effects of various anesthetic agents, such as propofol, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on tumor perfusion and infiltration, highlighting their potential to modulate tumor biology through mechanisms involving immune response, angiogenesis, and molecular pathways.

Prevalence and regional patterns of short birth intervals among women in Somalia.

Background: Short birth intervals (SBI), defined as intervals of less than 33 months between consecutive live births, are a significant public health concern because of their association with adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Somalia has some of the highest maternal and neonatal mortality rates globally, compounded by limited access to family planning services.

Objectives: This study aimed to provide a descriptive analysis of the prevalence and patterns of SBI among Somali women across regions, offering insight into maternal health policies.

Separable cationic surfactant-modified cellulosic sisal fiber for concurrent removal of reactive black 5 dye and lead from wastewater.

This study investigates, for the first time, the sequential modification of sisal fiber (SF) using hydrogen peroxide (HO), sodium chloride (NaCl), and the cationic surfactant benzyl dimethyl hexadecyl ammonium chloride (HDBAC), enabling the simultaneous removal of reactive black 5 dye (RB5) and lead ions (Pb) from wastewater. Characterization confirmed an increase in carbonyl, carboxyl, and aromatic groups, along with the introduction of quaternary ammonium groups. The HO/NaCl treatment increased the specific surface area by fivefold compared to that of raw SF, whereas subsequent HDBAC modification reduced the total pore volume and specific surface area.

The impact of social determinants of health on outcomes of brexucabtagene autoleucel in adults with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel) is a chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy approved for adults with relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We studied the impact of social determinants of health (SDoH) on outcomes of adults with B-ALL receiving brexu-cel. This retrospective analysis included adults (≥18 years) with R/R B-ALL treated with brexu-cel between 2021 and 2023.

Bone Augmentation of Atrophic Alveolar Ridges Using a Synthetic Bone Substitute With Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of a cell-based therapy for 3D bone augmentation of severe alveolar bone defects prior to dental implant placement.

Materials And Methods: A Phase 2 randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of a cell therapy using expanded autologous iliac crest-derived mesenchymal cells seeded on a synthetic bioabsorbable bone substitute covered with a non-resorbable membrane. The control group received an autogenous bone block graft.

Thermosonication-assisted fortification of kiwi juice with bee bread: enhancing nutritional and functional properties through ANFIS-RSM optimization.

This study investigated the effects of thermosonication on the preservation and enhancement of bioactive components in kiwi juice fortified with bee bread. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were employed to optimize processing parameters by evaluating FRAP, total phenolics, total chlorophyll, and ascorbic acid levels. Thermosonication significantly enhanced the levels of phenolic compounds (127.

Predicting cancer risk using machine learning on lifestyle and genetic data.

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, where early detection significantly improves patient outcomes and reduces treatment burden. This study investigates the application of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to predict cancer risk based on a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. A structured dataset of 1,200 patient records was used, comprising features such as age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, genetic risk level, and personal history of cancer.

Vardenafil and Tamsulosin in the Management of Ureteral Stent-Related Symptoms: A Prospective Comparative Study.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of vardenafil, a phosphodi-esterase-5 inhibitor, and tamsulosin, an alpha-blocker, in the management of ureteral srtent-elated symptoms. Methods: A total of 208 patients who underwent ureteric stent placement after the removal of ureteric stones were enrolled and randomly divided to receive either var- denafil 10 mg daily or tamsulosin 0.4 mg daily for a duration of 3 weeks.