Effects of Region, Processing, and Their Interaction on the Elemental Profiles of Pu-Erh Tea.

Elemental contents are effective fingerprints for Pu-erh tea's geographical traceability, which is crucial for consumer protection and sustainable development. Region and processing methods are key factors influencing the tea's elemental fingerprint. This study analyzed 28 elements in Pu-erh tea samples from three Yunnan production regions subjected to different processing stages in the year of 2023.

Effect of double-tract reconstruction and laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy on immune function and stress.

Background: Although surgery remains the primary treatment for proximal gastric cancer (PGC), ongoing refinements in surgical strategies are essential to improving clinical outcomes.

Aim: To investigate the effect of double-tract reconstruction (DTR) on immune function and stress response in patients undergoing laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG).

Methods: In total, 78 patients with PGC admitted between August 2020 and August 2024 were enrolled.

Machine learning-powered fluorescent sensor arrays for rapid detection of heavy metals and pesticides in complex environments.

The co-contamination of multiple pollutants in complex environmental matrices poses a significant threat to ecosystems and public health, necessitating advanced detection methods. In this study, we developed a machine learning-powered chemical sensor array capable of simultaneously identifying and discriminating nine heavy metal(loid)s (Cr[III], Cd[II], Hg[II], Pb[II], Co[II], Zn[II], Mn[II], As[III], and Se[VI]) and five pesticides (propiconazole, penconazole, cyproconazole, indoxacarb, and azoxystrobin). Using three distinct copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) with unique ligand-based binding affinities, the system generated characteristic fluorescent "fingerprints".

An overall study on efficient Cr (VI) adsorbents for improving of the application value of Chlorella pyrenoidosa.

Chromium (Cr) is one of the most common pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, posing a serious threat to environmental protection and biological survival. In this study, the adsorbents, prepared from the residue of extracting lipids, polysaccharides and proteins from Chlorella pyrenoidosa, are investigated for effectively purring the Cr (VI)-containing wastewater. The lipid, polysaccharide and protein are identified to having potential for the preparation of biodiesel, food component substitution and feed production, respectively.

Chiral Pesticides Selectively Influence the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance Genes: An Overlooked Environmental Risk.

The global spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) poses a critical threat to public health and environmental safety. Among environmental factors, the widespread use of chiral pesticides has raised ecological concerns, yet their enantioselective impacts on ARG propagation remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigate how chiral pesticides influence microbial ARG dissemination at the enantiomeric level.

Amphiphilic carbonaceous materials: preparation methods and applications.

Although most carbon materials are hydrophobic, their oxidation would add hydrophilic functional groups onto their surfaces, making them amphiphiles. In this review, amphiphilic carbonaceous materials are reviewed, focusing on their preparation methods, compositions, and properties associated with their structural models. In addition, a variety of applications arising from their amphiphilicity are mentioned, including organic-free carbon coatings, fabrication of nanoporous structures in carbons, carbon supports for metal nanoparticles, environmental remediation, monitoring of toxic gases, dispersing agents, and biomedical applications.

The Impact of Sample Quantity, Traceability Scale, and Shelf Life on the Determination of the Near-Infrared Origin Traceability of Mung Beans.

This study aims to address the gap in understanding of the impact of the sample quantity, traceability range, and shelf life on the accuracy of mung bean origin traceability models based on near-infrared spectroscopy. Mung beans from Baicheng City, Jilin Province, Dorbod Mongol Autonomous, Tailai County, Heilongjiang Province, and Sishui County, Shandong Province, China, were used. Through near-infrared spectral acquisition (12,000-4000 cm) and preprocessing (Standardization, Savitzky-Golay, Standard Normal Variate, and Multiplicative Scatter Correction) of the mung bean samples, the total cumulative variance contribution rate of the first three principal components was determined to be 98.

A mutation with knockout sheep by CRISPR/Cas9 promotes skeletal muscle myofiber hyperplasia.

Mutations in the well-known Myostatin () produce a 'double-muscle' phenotype, which makes it commercially invaluable for improving livestock meat production and providing high-quality protein for humans. However, mutations at different loci of the often produce a variety of different phenotypes. In the current study, we increased the delivery ratio of Cas9 mRNA to sgRNA from the traditional 1:2 to 1:10, which improves the efficiency of the homozygous mutation of biallelic gene.

Increasing GSH-Px Activity and Activating Wnt Pathway Promote Fine Wool Growth in FGF5-Edited Sheep.

Fibroblast growth factor 5 () plays key roles in promoting the transition from the anagen to catagen during the hair follicle cycle. The sheep serves as an excellent model for studying hair growth and is frequently utilized in various research processes related to human skin diseases. We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate four -edited Dorper sheep and only low levels of FGF5 were detected in the edited sheep.

Photoaged nanoplastics with multienzyme-like activities significantly shape the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes.

Nanoplastics (NPs), identified as emerging pollutants, pose a great risk to environment and global public health, exerting profound influences on the prevalence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Despite evidence suggesting that nano-sized plastic particles can facilitate the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs, it is imperative to explore strategies for inhibiting the transfer of ARGs. Currently, limited information exists regarding the characteristics of environmentally aged NPs and their impact on ARGs propagation.

Effects of Geographical Origin and Tree Age on the Stable Isotopes and Multi-Elements of Pu-erh Tea.

Pu-erh tea is a famous tea worldwide, and identification of the geographical origin of Pu-erh tea can not only protect manufacture's interests, but also boost consumers' confidence. However, tree age may also influence the fingerprints of Pu-erh tea. In order to study the effects of the geographical origin and tree age on the interactions of stable isotopes and multi-elements of Pu-erh tea, 53 Pu-erh tea leaves with three different age stages from three different areas in Yunnan were collected in 2023.

Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Sensor Utilizing Aggregation-Induced Emission Active Probe for Accurate Arsenite Quantification in Rice Grains.

Arsenic (As) constitutes a substantial threat to global ecosystems and public health. An accurate quantification of inorganic arsenite (As(III)) in rice grains is crucial for ensuring food safety and human well-being. Herein, we constructed an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor utilizing aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active Pdots for the sensitive detection of As(III) in rice.

Applications and opportunities of click chemistry in plant science.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2022 was awarded to the pioneers of Lego-like 'click chemistry': combinatorial chemistry with remarkable modularity and diversity. It has been applied to a wide variety of biological systems, from microorganisms to plants and animals, including humans. Although click chemistry is a powerful chemical biology tool, comparatively few studies have examined its potential in plant science.

Quantifying cumulative changes in water quality caused by small floodgates in Taihu Lake Basin - A case in Wuxi.

Small floodgates in the river network area own some characteristics: considerable quantity, wide range and short adjustment time, and intercepts the one-dimensional constant flow of rivers, which induce a great impact on riverine water quality. In this study, a typical urban floodgate-controlled reach was selected, and analyzed through the monthly data of four pollutant indicators TN, TP, COD and NH-N at six sampling sites S1-S6 in 2016-2018. The principal component analysis and correlation analysis showed that TP was a representative indicator and there was a positive correlation between various pollutants.

Natural Microbial Reactor-Based Sensing Platform for Highly Sensitive Detection of Inorganic Arsenic in Rice Grains.

Rice is a major dietary source of inorganic arsenic (iAs), a highly toxic arsenical that accumulates in rice and poses health risks to rice-based populations. However, the availability of detection methods for iAs in rice grains is limited. In this study, we developed a novel approach utilizing a natural bacterial biosensor, AW3110 (pBB--), in conjunction with amylase hydrolysis for efficient extraction, enabling high-throughput and quantitative detection of iAs in rice grains.

Prevalence and trend of atrial fibrillation and its associated risk factors among the population from nationwide health check-up centers in China, 2012-2017.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, which poses huge disease burdens in China. A study was conducted to systematically analyze the recent prevalence trend of AF and age-related disparities in AF risk among the nationwide healthy check-up population.

Method: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study involving 3,049,178 individuals ≥35 years from health check-up centers to explore the prevalence and trend of AF by age, sex, and region from 2012 to 2017.

Shifts in intestinal microbiota and improvement of sheep immune response to resist Salmonella infection using Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) overexpression.

Introduction: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) identifies Gram-negative bacteria or their products and plays a crucial role in host defense against invading pathogens. In the intestine, TLR4 recognizes bacterial ligands and interacts with the immune system. Although TLR4 signaling is a vital component of the innate immune system, the influence of TLR4 overexpression on innate immune response and its impact on the composition of the intestinal microbiota is unknown.

The global disease burden attributable to a diet low in fibre in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

Objective: The relationship of a diet low in fibre with mortality has not been evaluated. This study aims to assess the burden of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCD) attributable to a diet low in fibre globally from 1990 to 2019.

Design: All data were from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, in which the mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) and years lived with disability (YLD) were estimated with Bayesian geospatial regression using data at global, regional and country level acquired from an extensively systematic review.

Improving City Water Quality through Pollution Reduction with Urban Floodgate Infrastructure and Design Solutions: A Case Study in Wuxi, China.

Floodgate operation is one of the main forms of river regulation in the development and utilization of river basins. It changes the natural structure, flow process, and correlative environment of rivers. However, there is little analysis of the multiple impacts of small floodgate operation on the water environment in river networks and of the regulation patterns of urban floodgate infrastructure on pollution.

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscle Myogenesis and Muscle Disease.

The contractile activity, high oxygen consumption and metabolic rate of skeletal muscle cause it to continuously produce moderate levels of oxidant species, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Under normal physiological conditions, there is a dynamic balance between the production and elimination of ROS/RNS. However, when the oxidation products exceed the antioxidant defense capacity, the body enters a state of oxidative stress.

Distributions and trends of the global burden of COPD attributable to risk factors by SDI, age, and sex from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis of GBD 2019 data.

Background: Global distributions and trends of the risk-attributable burdens of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have rarely been systematically explored. To guide the formulation of targeted and accurate strategies for the management of COPD, we analyzed COPD burdens attributable to known risk factors.

Methods: Using detailed COPD data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019, we analyzed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and deaths attributable to each risk factor from 1990 to 2019.

A Bidirectional Relationship Between Hyperuricemia and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease.

Background And Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a newly emerged term that is suggested to better reflect the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the association between hyperuricemia and MAFLD has not been explored in the Chinese population. Meantime, this study also examined the temporal relationship between the two entities in a longitudinal cohort.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 1,587,962 individuals from 19 health check-up centers in China from 2009-2017 and a longitudinal study with 16,112 individuals.

High Remnant Cholesterol Level Potentiates the Development of Hypertension.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests an association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and vascular damage and hypertension. However, this association has not been explored in a large-scale population in China, and a temporal relationship between RC and hypertension also needs to be investigated.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study in 2,199,366 individuals and a longitudinal study in 24,252 individuals with repeated measurements of lipid profile and blood pressure in at least a 3-year follow-up.