Functional metagenomics reveals novel antibiotic resistomes in polar soils.

Using a robust functional metagenomics approach, we demonstrated that polar environments are important reservoirs of novel antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). DNA was initially extracted from cultured bacterial consortia in the polar soils and recombined into plasmid vectors and then transformed into () for the subsequent screening of antibiotic resistance. Consequently, we identified 671 novel polar ARGs with experimentally verified resistance against multiple clinical antibiotics (cefotaxime, folate synthesis inhibitors, and clindamycin).

Development and Internal Validation of a Clinical Imaging-Based Stroke Prediction Model in a Community Cohort.

Background: Existing stroke prediction models tend to overestimate contemporary stroke risk and inadequately incorporate neuroimaging parameters. This study aimed to develop a novel and accurate stroke prediction model for a community-based population by integrating comprehensive neuroimaging data.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 1586 eligible participants from northern rural China.

The effect of bullying victimization on internet addiction: mediated by cyberbullying perpetration and moderated by social support.

Background: Given the importance and high prevalence of Internet addiction (IA), this study aimed to investigate the relationship between bullying victimization and Chinese adolescent students' IA and its mechanism-mediated by cyberbullying perpetration and moderated by social support.

Methods: Participants completed the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and provided information on their demographics, experiences with bullying, and social support. General linear modeling (GLM), structural equation modeling (SEM), and interaction item analysis were conducted.

5.0T MRA techniques for evaluating Moyamoya disease: 4D-ASL-MRA vs. 3D-TOF-MRA.

Purpose: Three-dimensional time-of-flight MR-angiography (3D-TOF-MRA) at 5.0T showed comparable capacity to 7.0T for visualizing small vessels, but has not yet been compared with arterial spin labeling (ASL)-based four-dimensional MR-angiography (4D-ASL-MRA) at 5.

Association of Serum Neurofilament Light and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Nondemented Middle-to-Old Aged Population.

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) and brain glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are promising markers for cerebral vascular damage. We aimed to evaluate if increased serum NfL and GFAP were associated with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) markers among the nondemented middle-to-old aged population. We included participants from the Shunyi Study who had serum NfL and GFAP measurements.

Regional and aging-specific cellular architecture of non-human primate brains.

Background: Deciphering the functionality and dynamics of brain networks across different regions and age groups in non-human primates (NHPs) is crucial for understanding the evolution of human cognition as well as the processes underlying brain pathogenesis. However, systemic delineation of the cellular composition and molecular connections among multiple brain regions and their alterations induced by aging in NHPs remain largely unresolved.

Methods: In this study, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing on 39 samples collected from 10 brain regions of two young and two aged rhesus macaques using the DNBelab C4 system.

Association of deep tiny flow voids with prognosis of acute middle cerebral artery atherosclerotic occlusion.

Background: Deep tiny flow voids (DTFVs) have recently been identified as a novel form of collateral circulation linked to chronic steno-occlusive atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery (MCA) lesions, detectable via high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI). To date, no study has focused on the presence and clinical significance of DTFVs in acute MCA atherosclerotic occlusion.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included patients with acute MCA atherosclerotic occlusion from two multicenter HR-MRI cohorts.

Neuronal cathepsin S increases neuroinflammation and causes cognitive decline via CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis and JAK2-STAT3 pathway in aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Aging is an intricate process involving interactions among multiple factors, which is one of the main risks for chronic diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a member of cysteine protease, cathepsin S (CTSS) has been implicated in inflammation across various diseases. Here, we investigated the role of neuronal CTSS in aging and AD started by examining CTSS expression in hippocampus neurons of aging mice and identified a significant increase, which was negatively correlated with recognition abilities.

Correlation between Circle of Willis configuration and intracranial arterial dolichoectasia, and genetic contributions.

Objectives: Intracranial arterial dolichoectasia (IADE) is characterized by the dilation, elongation, and tortuosity of intracranial arteries. We aimed to investigate the association between variations of the Circle of Willis (COW) and IADE in the general population, as well as estimate the genetic correlation between COW variations and IADE.

Methods: A total of 981 individuals from a population-based cohort were included.

Small vessel disease burden and prognosis of recent subcortical ischaemic stroke differ by parent artery atherosclerosis.

Background And Purpose: Parent artery atherosclerosis is an important aetiology of recent subcortical ischaemic stroke (RSIS). However, comparisons of RSIS with different degrees of parent artery atherosclerosis are lacking.

Methods: Prospectively collected data from our multicentre cohort (all were tertiary centres) of the Stroke Imaging Package Study between 2015 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.

Automated diffusion-weighted image analysis along the perivascular space index reveals glymphatic dysfunction in association with brain parenchymal lesions.

Brain glymphatic dysfunction is critical in neurodegenerative processes. While animal studies have provided substantial insights, understandings in humans remains limited. Recent attention has focused on the non-invasive evaluation of brain glymphatic function.

Quantitative Assessment of Acute Intracranial Clot and Collaterals on High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Introduction: There has been an increasing demand for imaging methods that provide a comprehensive evaluation of intracranial clot and collateral circulation, which are helpful for clinical decision-making and predicting functional outcomes. We aimed to quantitatively evaluate acute intracranial clot burden and collaterals on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI).

Methods: We analyzed acute ischemic stroke patients with internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusion in a prospective multicenter study.

Dynamic Mechanism of Cerebral Venous Disruption: Longitudinal Evidence From a Community-Based Cohort.

Background: This study aims to investigate the temporal and spatial patterns of structural brain injury related to deep medullary veins (DMVs) damage.

Methods And Results: This is a longitudinal analysis of the population-based Shunyi cohort study. Baseline DMVs numbers were identified on susceptibility-weighted imaging.

Altered individual gray matter structural covariance networks in early abstinence patients with alcohol dependence.

While alterations in cortical thickness have been widely observed in individuals with alcohol dependence, knowledge about cortical thickness-based structural covariance networks is limited. This study aimed to explore the topological disorganization of structural covariance networks based on cortical thickness at the single-subject level among patients with alcohol dependence. Structural imaging data were obtained from 61 patients with alcohol dependence during early abstinence and 59 healthy controls.

The volume of gray matter mediates the relationship between glucolipid metabolism and neurocognition in first-episode, drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia.

We aimed to examine the hypotheses that glucolipid metabolism is linked to neurocognition and gray matter volume (GMV) and that GMV mediates the association of glucolipid metabolism with neurocognition in first-episode, drug-naïve (FEDN) patients with schizophrenia. Parameters of glucolipid metabolism, neurocognition, and magnetic resonance imaging were assessed in 63 patients and 31 controls. Compared to controls, patients exhibited higher levels of fasting glucose, triglyceride, and insulin resistance index, lower levels of cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, poorer neurocognitive functions, and decreased GMV in the bilateral insula, left middle occipital gyrus, and left postcentral gyrus.

Disrupted white matter structural networks in individuals with alcohol dependence.

Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have demonstrated widespread white matter microstructure damage in individuals with alcoholism. However, very little is known about the alterations in the topological architecture of white matter structural networks in alcohol dependence (AD). This study included 67 AD patients and 69 controls.

Pattern of Brain Parenchymal Damage Related to Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Carriers of Rare Variants.

Background And Objectives: Previous studies reported that carriers of rare variants comprised more than 10% of the general population and are susceptible to a heavy overall burden of cerebral small vessel disease while the injury patterns remain uncovered. This study aimed to investigate the imaging features in relation to rare variants and the interaction between cortical atrophy and white matter lesions from a longitudinal view, with respect to spatial and dynamic patterns.

Methods: As part of a community-based cohort, we included participants with complete whole-exome sequencing and brain MRI in the baseline analysis.

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of acute intracranial artery thrombus.

Background And Purpose: The development of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) has enabled submillimeter-level evaluation of intracranial artery plaque and luminal thrombus. We sought to investigate the value of HR-MRI in assessing the pathogenesis of acute intracranial artery thrombus.

Methods: We examined the presence of intracranial thrombus on three-dimensional T1-weighted HR-MRI in acute ischemic stroke patients with intracranial artery occlusion on magnetic resonance angiography.

[Systematic comparison of two kinds of Bufonis Venenum derived from different Bufo gargarizans subspecies based on metabolomics and antitumor activity].

This paper compared the differences between two kinds of Bufonis Venenum produced by Bufo gargarizans gargarizans and B. gararizans andrewsi, and verified the rationality of the market value orientation of Bufonis Venenum based on the zebrafish mo-del. Twenty batches of Bufonis Venenum from Jiangsu province, Hebei province, Liaoning province, Jilin province, and Liangshan, Sichuan province, including B.