Making sense of marine management - The ten-tenets revisited.

The so-called ten-tenets were proposed over a decade ago to indicate actions to achieve sustainable and successful marine management. These indicated that marine management actions should be Ecologically sustainable, Technologically feasible, Economically viable, Socially tolerable/desirable, Legally defensible, Administratively achievable, Politically expedient, Ethically defensible/morally correct, Culturally inclusive and Effectively communicable. These concepts are revisited here to show a continuum from an Ecosystem-Based Approach (EBA, setting the priorities and polices), to Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM, operationalising the approach by management and governance) and then using tools, including technological and economic instruments, now termed Ecosystem-Based Technical Measures (EBTM).

Efficacy and safety of CT-868, a novel, fully biased, dual glucagon-like peptide-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist, in type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized placebo controlled phase 2 trial.

Aims: To assess the glycaemic efficacy and safety of CT-868, a cAMP signal-biased, dual glucagon-like peptide-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist, in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials And Methods: This 26-week (W), phase 2, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial enrolled adults with T2D, Body Mass Index ≥27 kg/m, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 7.0-10.

Tetraspanin-enriched membrane domains regulate vascular leakage by altering membrane cholesterol accessibility to balance antagonistic GTPases.

Tetraspanins affect metastasis, stemness and angiogenesis, but their roles in inflammation remain to be further clarified. Here we show that endothelial ablation of tetraspanin Cd82 markedly reduces vascular inflammation by mitigating endothelial leakage. Mechanistically, by limiting the anchorages of Cdc42 activator FARP1 and RhoA inhibitor Rnd3 to the plasma membrane (PM), CD82 confines Cdc42 but maintains RhoA activity in endothelial cells, to facilitate endothelium activation.

Time-course detoxification of environmental metallic nanoparticles in human lung cells (A549).

Atmospheric particulate material (PM10), collected near to a metallurgical industrial area, caused internalisation of metallic nanoparticles. This is the first study of the bioavailability and detoxification pathway of metallic nanoparticles (NP) internalised into lung cells. Adenocarcinoma human alveolar epithelial lung cells (A549) were exposed to PM arising from a polluted area affected by smelting activity in Brazil (Vitória, ES).

Methodology for a COVID-19 Recovery Surveillance Study Conducted Through an Academic-State Partnership.

Objective: We describe the methodologic approach to rapidly launching a population-based surveillance study in spring 2020 to examine the lasting physical, mental, and economic effect of COVID-19 among adults in Michigan.

Materials And Methods: We established a partnership between the University of Michigan School of Public Health and the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services to conduct this study. Using a sequential stratified sampling strategy, we randomly selected adults with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Michigan Disease Surveillance System.

The relation of heavy or prolonged bleeding during the menopause transition to risk of hysterectomy.

Background: During the menopause transition, one in three women experiences abnormal uterine bleeding. Few studies have evaluated the probability of hysterectomy associated with abnormal uterine bleeding during the menopause transition.

Objectives: To estimate the risk of hysterectomy associated with abnormal uterine bleeding, specifically prolonged or heavy menstrual bleeding, during the menopause transition.

Femoral neck width is associated with unique trajectories of age-related hip structural changes and fracture risk within populations of adult women and men.

Background: Osteoporosis management relies heavily on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) to identify women and men with reduced bone strength. We tested the hypothesis that baseline femoral neck (FN) external size is associated with different bone-loss and area-gain trajectories that are not reflected in aBMD-decline but that have different biomechanical implications.

Methods: We analyzed data from four longitudinal studies with repeated hip dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of women and men over 10-15 yr of follow-up.

The Impact of Census-Tract Level Mortgage Discrimination on Cognitive Function: Accounting for Measurement Instability in Small-Area Data via Joint Modeling.

Racial disparities in cognitive health reflect entrenched structural inequalities. This study investigates the association between census-tract level mortgage discrimination, operationalized as the Mortgage Density Index Ratio (MDIR), and cognitive outcomes among racially diverse older adults. Using data from the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project (MCAP), a cohort of 644 participants was analyzed across six cognitive measures.

The opportunity for climate action through climate-smart Marine Spatial Planning.

Despite global climate-driven change in marine ecosystems and associated economic sectors, climate-smart Marine Spatial Planning (CSMSP) implementation remains limited. This joint perspective from across the climate research and Marine Spatial Planning policy interface discusses reasons for CSMSP's slow pace (blockers) and shares operational examples about how CSMSP is working around the world (enablers). Learning from national CSMSP contexts can help deliver needed and faster international collaboration on climate action.

Obtaining a Probability Sample of a Pregnancy Cohort of Births: A Review of the Problem and a Practical Solution.

The Michigan Archive for Research on Child Health (MARCH) study produced a probability sample of Michigan births between 2017 and 2023, with data collection beginning at first prenatal visit and continuing up to age 4. Birth certificate data were used to create a sampling frame of hospitals and associated obstetric clinics, from which a probability-proportional-size sample of 10 hospitals was drawn. Close to 100 pregnancies were then recruited in clinics serving each sampled hospital, yielding a probability sample of 1,021 births.

Invasive surgical management of cervical internal jugular venous compression: A literature review.

Background: Internal jugular vein (IJV) compression is associated with several central nervous system symptoms, including but not limited to headache, blurred vision, tinnitus, and brain fog. Cranial venous compression is generally treated with stenting; however, the management of cervical IJV compression is not standardised, and there is very limited published data on outcomes. The objective of this review is to assess the current surgical interventions used in patients with cervical IJV compression and their outcomes.

Survivorship Needs and Experiences of Survivors of Head and Neck Cancer in Rural Australia: A Qualitative Study.

Aim: Head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors experience complex survivorship needs compared to other cancer types. This is exacerbated for people living in regional and remote (rural) areas of Australia, who experience poorer outcomes, higher physical and psychological needs, and poorer quality of life compared to their metropolitan counterparts. Little is known about the general survivorship experiences of rural HNC survivors in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

Joint impact of cigarette taxes and smoke-free laws on youth cigarette smoking and related disparities in the USA.

Objective: To examine the impact of cigarette taxes on youth smoking in counties with and without workplace and hospitality smoke-free laws.

Methods: Using a nationally representative sample of 8th, 10th and 12th graders from the 2001-2021 Monitoring the Future study, we investigated the interaction of taxes and smoke-free policies on cigarette smoking participation, initiation and intention, examining differences by sociodemographic factors (sex, race and ethnicity, parental education, college educational expectations). We stratified models by grade, estimating the average marginal effects (AMEs) using modified Poisson regression with a sandwich variance estimator.

Progressive Mining and Dynamic Distillation of Hierarchical Prototypes for Disease Classification and Localisation.

Constructing effective representation of lesions is essential for disease classification and localization in medical image analysis. Prototype-based models address this by leveraging visual prototypes to capture representative lesion patterns, yet effectively handling the complexity of diverse lesion characteristics remains a critical challenge, as they typically rely on single-level, fixed-size prototypes and suffer from prototype redundancy. In this paper, we present HierProtoPNet, a new prototype-based framework designed to handle the complexity of lesions in medical images.

Chlorinated paraffins exposure in particulate matter increase the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children and adolescents.

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs), widely distributed environmental and industrial pollutants, have been linked to impaired neurodevelopment. However, evidence for this potential association between CP exposure and the risk of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and subtypes is lacking. To investigate this possible association between chlorinated paraffins exposure and the risk of ADHD and its subtypes in children and adolescents, a large cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in China involving 122,965 completed questionnaires.

Machine Learning Identification of Patient Phenoclusters in Aortic Regurgitation.

Background: Current treatment paradigms assume aortic regurgitation (AR) patients to be a homogenous population, but varied courses of disease progression and outcomes are observed clinically.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to first use unsupervised machine learning to identify unique patient phenoclusters in AR, and subsequently evaluate their prognostic relevance.

Methods: Clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) characterization of moderate or severe AR patients was performed across 4 U.

Endothelial cell-specific postnatal deletion of Nos3 preserves intraocular pressure homeostasis via macrophage recruitment and NOS2 upregulation.

Polymorphisms in Nos3 increase risk for glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. A key modifiable risk factor for glaucoma is intraocular pressure (IOP), which is regulated by NO - a product of nitric oxide synthase 3 (encoded by Nos3) - in Schlemm's canal of the conventional outflow pathway. We studied the effects of a conditional, endothelial cell-specific postnatal deletion of Nos3 (Endo-SclCre-ERT;Nos3fl/fl) on tissues of the outflow pathway.

Is Caveolin-1 Required for Retinal Neuroprotection?

The innate ability to produce neurotrophic cytokines is a crucial component of retinal neuroprotection. Reduced levels of these cytokines accelerate neuronal cell death in the retina during injury but prolonged overexpression can lead to inflammation and retinal damage. It is therefore critical to find molecular targets that regulate the endogenous production of retinal neurotrophic factors.

The impact of surgical margins in managing regional metastases in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Background: Regional metastasis occurs in 5% of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The aim of this study is to assess the impact of margin status of regional metastases on survival.

Methods: A retrospective review of 401 patients with nodal metastases from cSCC.

Health Care Utilisation and Unmet Needs in Survivors of Head and Neck Cancer in Regional Australia: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: The post-treatment survivorship period marks the transition away from acute care and poses distinct challenges for individuals with head and neck cancer (HNC). This can be especially challenging for people in regional areas who travel long distances to access care and experience unique challenges in accessing health services.

Aim: To investigate unmet needs and healthcare utilisation of survivors of HNC in regional areas.

A review of submandibular gland extirpation in an Australian quaternary referral centre: aetiologies and trends over 35 years.

Background: Submandibular gland pathology is common but rarely reported. This study was performed to evaluate demographic, pathological, and survival outcomes associated with submandibular gland extirpation.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients treated in a single quaternary-care institution between 1989 and 2022 was performed.

Consensus Recommendations for Studies of Outflow Facility and Intraocular Pressure Regulation Using Ex Vivo Perfusion Approaches.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation is the primary risk factor and currently the main treatable factor for progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. In addition to direct clinical and living animal in vivo studies, ex vivo perfusion of anterior segments and whole eyes is a key technique for studying conventional outflow function as it is responsible for IOP regulation. We present well-tested experimental details, protocols, considerations, advantages, and limitations of several ex vivo model systems for studying IOP regulation.

Latent transition analysis of use frequencies for multiple nicotine and tobacco products among US adults.

Background: Given the many nicotine and tobacco products in use, studies of the interdependence of use patterns and transitions are needed.

Methods: Using Waves 1-4 of the PATH Study, we analyzed latent transitions among adults who ever regularly used nicotine or tobacco products at Wave 1 to identify latent use states (n = 12,358) and estimated one-wave transition probabilities. Multinomial logistic regression identified demographic factors associated with transitions.