Temporal patterns in US population-based patient survival among adults treated with chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy for multiple myeloma, 2000-2020.

Few population-based studies have rigorously evaluated overall survival (OS) differences among adults treated with chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy (chemo/immunotherapy) for multiple myeloma (MM) during the past two decades when the therapeutic landscape substantially evolved. We evaluated OS among 50 288 adults diagnosed with MM between 2000 and 2019 reported to have received initial chemo/immunotherapy. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) using multivariable Cox regression to compare OS across calendar periods and within patient demographic groups.

Residential ambient ultraviolet B and ultraviolet A and incidence of keratinocyte carcinoma in the nationwide US Radiologic Technologists cohort.

Background: Few epidemiological studies have distinguished the effects of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) wavelength, including UVB and UVA, on the risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the association between ambient UVB and UVA with BCC and SCC incidence.

Methods: Using data from the nationwide U.

Examining bias due to method of follow-up for cancer incidence in a large U.S. cohort: Self-report versus registry linkage.

Background: Cancer incidence follow-up of many U.S. cohort studies relies on self-report due to the lack of a national cancer registry.

Development and validation of a risk prediction model for premenopausal breast cancer in 19 cohorts.

Background: Incidence of premenopausal breast cancer (BC) has risen in recent years, though most existing BC prediction models are not generalizable to young women due to underrepresentation of this age group in model development.

Methods: Using questionnaire-based data from 19 prospective studies harmonized within the Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaborative Group (PBCCG), representing 783,830 women, we developed a premenopausal BC risk prediction model. The data were split into training (2/3) and validation (1/3) datasets with equal distribution of cohorts in each.

Sex-specific radiation-associated lung cancer mortality risks as impacted by smoking among US radiological technologists.

Background: The Life Span Study of Japanese atomic bomb survivors estimated greater risks of radiation-associated lung cancer among females than males, with direct implications for occupational radiation safety policy. To evaluate replicability of these findings in radiation workers, we assessed sex-specific radiation-associated risks of lung cancer mortality in a large cohort of US radiological technologists.

Methods: Using data from 4 questionnaires (1983-2013), we reconstructed lifetime smoking history for 83 715 female and 26 650 male technologists.

Expert panel on monitoring radiation doses from recurrent medical diagnostic procedures: Sixth Gilbert W. Beebe Webinar.

Recurrent imaging is an essential tool for patient care but with an attendant dose from radiation exposure. Recurrent imaging has been the subject of increasing scrutiny and debate based largely on the risk from increasing cumulative doses. However, the accountability for and actions with recurrent imaging as a special component in the general construct of radiation protection in medicine is unclear.

Ambient ultraviolet A, ultraviolet B, and risk of melanoma in a nationwide United States cohort, 1984-2014.

Background: Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is the primary risk factor for melanoma, although the relationship is complex. Compared with radiation from UVB wavelengths, UVA makes up a majority of the surface solar UVR, penetrates the skin more deeply, is the principal range emitted by tanning beds, and is less filtered by sunscreens and window glass. Few studies have examined the relationship between ambient UVA and UVB and melanoma risk.

A Historical Survey of Key Epidemiological Studies of Ionizing Radiation Exposure.

In this article we review the history of key epidemiological studies of populations exposed to ionizing radiation. We highlight historical and recent findings regarding radiation-associated risks for incidence and mortality of cancer and non-cancer outcomes with emphasis on study design and methods of exposure assessment and dose estimation along with brief consideration of sources of bias for a few of the more important studies. We examine the findings from the epidemiological studies of the Japanese atomic bomb survivors, persons exposed to radiation for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, those exposed to environmental sources including Chornobyl and other reactor accidents, and occupationally exposed cohorts.

Association of common maternal infections with birth outcomes: a multinational cohort study.

Purpose: It is unclear whether common maternal infections during pregnancy are risk factors for adverse birth outcomes. We assessed the association between self-reported infections during pregnancy with preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) in an international cohort consortium.

Methods: Data on 120,507 pregnant women were obtained from six population-based birth cohorts in Australia, Denmark, Israel, Norway, the UK and the USA.

Occupational Radiation Dose Trends in U.S. Radiologic Technologists Assisting with Fluoroscopically Guided Interventional Procedures, 1980-2020.

Purpose: To summarize dose trends from 1980 to 2020 for 19,651 U.S. Radiologic Technologists who reported assisting with fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures (FGIPs), overall and by work history characteristics.

Survival of adult AML patients treated with chemotherapy in the U.S. population by age, race and ethnicity, sex, calendar-year period, and AML subgroup, 2001-2019.

Background: Population-based survival studies of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have not simultaneously evaluated age at diagnosis, race and ethnicity, sex, calendar period or AML subtypes/subgroups among chemotherapy-treated patients.

Methods: For 28,473 chemotherapy-treated AML patients diagnosed at ages ≥20 years in population-based cancer registry areas of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (2001-2018, followed through 2019), we evaluated 1-month through 5-year relative survival (RS) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using the actuarial method in the SEER∗Stat Survival Session and overall survival (OS) using multivariable Cox regression to estimate proportional hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI.

Findings: RS decreased with increasing age (20-39, 40-59, 60-74, 75-84, ≥85 years) at AML diagnosis.

BMI and breast cancer risk around age at menopause.

Background: A high body mass index (BMI, kg/m) is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer before menopause, but increased risk after menopause. Exactly when this reversal occurs in relation to menopause is unclear. Locating that change point could provide insight into the role of adiposity in breast cancer etiology.

International Pooled Analysis of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Premenopausal Breast Cancer in Women From 19 Cohorts.

Purpose: There is strong evidence that leisure-time physical activity is protective against postmenopausal breast cancer risk but the association with premenopausal breast cancer is less clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of physical activity with the risk of developing premenopausal breast cancer.

Methods: We pooled individual-level data on self-reported leisure-time physical activity across 19 cohort studies comprising 547,601 premenopausal women, with 10,231 incident cases of breast cancer.

Radiation exposure and leukaemia risk among cohorts of persons exposed to low and moderate doses of external ionising radiation in childhood.

Background: Many high-dose groups demonstrate increased leukaemia risks, with risk greatest following childhood exposure; risks at low/moderate doses are less clear.

Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of the major radiation-associated leukaemias (acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with/without the inclusion of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)) in ten childhood-exposed groups, including Japanese atomic bomb survivors, four therapeutically irradiated and five diagnostically exposed cohorts, a mixture of incidence and mortality data. Relative/absolute risk Poisson regression models were fitted.

Nonlinear low dose hematotoxicity of benzene; a pooled analyses of two studies among Chinese exposed workers.

Background: Impairment of the hematopoietic system is one of the primary adverse health effects from exposure to benzene. We previously have shown that exposure to benzene at low levels (<1 ppm) affects the blood forming system and that these effects were proportionally stronger at lower versus higher levels of benzene exposure. This observation is potentially explained by saturation of enzymatic systems.

Evaluation of Maternal Infection During Pregnancy and Childhood Leukemia Among Offspring in Denmark.

Importance: Maternal infection is common during pregnancy and is an important potential cause of fetal genetic and immunological abnormalities. Maternal infection has been reported to be associated with childhood leukemia in previous case-control or small cohort studies.

Objective: To evaluate the association of maternal infection during pregnancy with childhood leukemia among offspring in a large study.

A Multimedia Strategy to Integrate Introductory Broad-Based Radiation Science Education in US Medical Schools.

US physicians in multiple specialties who order or conduct radiological procedures lack formal radiation science education and thus sometimes order procedures of limited benefit or fail to order what is necessary. To this end, a multidisciplinary expert group proposed an introductory broad-based radiation science educational program for US medical schools. Suggested preclinical elements of the curriculum include foundational education on ionizing and nonionizing radiation (eg, definitions, dose metrics, and risk measures) and short- and long-term radiation-related health effects as well as introduction to radiology, radiation therapy, and radiation protection concepts.

Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Incidence of Melanoma in the United States Radiologic Technologists Study.

Unlabelled: Although NSAIDs have been associated with both reduced and increased cutaneous melanoma risk, few studies have examined these associations by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) or personal sun-sensitivity. We examined the associations between NSAID use and first primary invasive cutaneous melanoma among 58,227 non-Hispanic white participants in the United States Radiologic Technologists cohort study. Poisson regression was used to calculate rate ratios (RR) and 95% likelihood-based confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for attained age, birth cohort, and ambient UVR.

Ascertainment of Incident Cancer by US Population-Based Cancer Registries Versus Self-Reports and Death Certificates in a Nationwide Cohort Study, the US Radiologic Technologists Study.

Follow-up of US cohort members for incident cancer is time-consuming, is costly, and often results in underascertainment when the traditional methods of self-reporting and/or medical record validation are used. We conducted one of the first large-scale investigations to assess the feasibility, methods, and benefits of linking participants in the US Radiologic Technologists (USRT) Study (n = 146,022) with the majority of US state or regional cancer registries. Follow-up of this cohort has relied primarily on questionnaires (mailed approximately every 10 years) and linkage with the National Death Index.