Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiota Interplay Exacerbates Periodontitis in Diabetic Mice.

Aim: To investigate the interplay between oxidative stress and gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of increased periodontitis in diabetic mice and explore potential therapeutic strategies.

Materials And Methods: Diabetic periodontitis (DP) mouse models were established and subjected to interventions including antioxidant treatment, co-housing experiments and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Alveolar bone loss, periodontal inflammation, oxidative stress markers, gut microbiota composition and intestinal barrier function were evaluated.

Engineering the key central metabolic enzyme to utilize a non-canonical redox cofactor.

Redesigning central metabolism enzymes to utilize non-canonical cofactors that are orthogonal to NAD and NADP may allow partitioning of reducing power into a distinct redox cofactor pool that is preserved for user-desired biosynthetic tasks, without being dissipated by the complex natural metabolism in the cells. Here, we engineer glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapA), the key enzyme in glycolysis, to utilize nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN ) while greatly reducing its original activity with its native cofactor, NAD . Through rational design, we identify the variant A180S with a ∼3-fold increase in NMN specific activity compared to that of the wildtype (WT).

Investigating the Therapeutic Potential and Molecular Mechanisms of Daphnetin: A Comprehensive Review.

Coumarins, a ubiquitous class of aromatic compounds present in a broad spectrum of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and over 150 plant species, have been extensively studied over the years. Researchers have isolated and characterized more than 1,300 natural coumarins, many of which exhibit promising biomedical properties. Among these, daphnetin has emerged as a distinctive coumarin derivative that is characterized by its unique structural features to impart special physicochemical attributes.

Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis of Heart Failure.

Heart failure (HF) is a complex and varied condition that affects over 50 million people worldwide. Although there have been significant strides in understanding the underlying mechanisms of HF, several challenges persist, particularly in the accurate diagnosis of HF. These challenges include issues related to its classification, the identification of specific phenotypes, and the assessment of disease severity.

Environmental policy-driven electricity consumption prediction: A novel buffer-corrected Hausdorff fractional grey model informed by two-stage enhanced multi-objective optimization.

In the global quest for carbon neutrality, electricity is a critical sector for carbon reduction, for electricity consumption and carbon emissions are closely associated. Electricity consumption forecasts are divided into short-term and long-term, but previous studies have focused more on the former, while the latter is the foundation of power system planning and directly relates to urban development. To address the issue, this research proposed an innovative hybrid Hausdorff fractional grey model (HfGM) for electricity consumption prediction, weakening buffer operator (WBo) was incorporated to minimize interference of external shocks to original data, the optimal core parameters of HfGM were searched by a newly developed multi-objective enhanced version of slime mould algorithm in two stages, achieving Pareto optimal solutions theoretically.

Retinoid X receptor heterodimers in hepatic function: structural insights and therapeutic potential.

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are key regulators of multiple physiological functions and pathological changes in the liver in response to a variety of extracellular signaling changes. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a special member of the NRs, which not only responds to cellular signaling independently, but also regulates multiple signaling pathways by forming heterodimers with various other NR. Therefore, RXR is widely involved in hepatic glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism and bile acid homeostasis as well as hepatic fibrosis.

Plant Rho GTPase ROP6 Is Essential for Manganese Homeostasis in Arabidopsis.

Manganese (Mn) is an indispensable mineral for plant growth and development. However, plants cultivated in acidic and poorly drained soils are vulnerable to Mn toxicity due to its heightened increased bioavailability. Despite the crucial roles of the Rho of plant (ROP) GTPases in various cellular processes, their precise function in regulating Mn homeostasis remains elusive.

Physical and psychological status of emergency assistance personnel at major public health events: a qualitative descriptive study.

Background: Many personnel respond to natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis and frequent public health events like Ebola and COVID-19. However, research on emergency assistance personnel remains limited. This study aims to describe the perceived well-being among responders deployed in isolated or emergency international missions while providing practical references to intervene in developing similar missions.

Transesophageal echocardiography related complications.

Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) is an important imaging method for the evaluation of cardiac structure and function, and it holds significant value in the clinical management of cardiovascular diseases. Unlike transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), which is non-invasive, TEE involves semi-invasive intracavity operations, leading to increasing attention to its safety and potential complications. Especially with the increasing demand for TEE applications in clinical practice and the rapid growth in the number of facilities utilizing it, the standardized application and safe operation of TEE technology have become particularly crucial.

Tremendously enhanced catalytic performance of Fe(III)/peroxymonosulfate process by trace Cu(II): A high-valent metals domination in organics removal.

Dissolved copper and iron ions are regarded as friendly and economic catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, however, neither Cu(II) nor Fe(III) shows efficient catalytic performance because of the slow rates of Cu(II)/Cu(I) and Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycles. Innovatively, we observed a significant enhancement on the degradation of organic contaminants when Cu(II) and Fe(III) were coupled to activate PMS in borate (BA) buffer. The degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB, 20 µmol/L) reached up to 96.

Echocardiographic assessment of pediatric heart transplantation: A single-center experience in China.

Background: Pediatric heart transplant (HT) has become the standard of care for end-stage heart failure in children worldwide. Serial echocardiographic evaluations of graft anatomy and function during follow-up are crucial for post-HT management. However, evolution of cardiac structure and function after pediatric HT has not been well described, especially during first year post-HT.

Mutation in the two-component regulator BaeSR mediates cefiderocol resistance and enhances virulence in .

has become one of the most challenging pathogens in many countries with limited treatment options available. Cefiderocol, a novel siderophore-conjugated cephalosporin, shows potent activity against , including isolates resistant to carbapenems. To date, few reports on the mechanisms of cefiderocol resistance are available.

Research of a combination system based on fuzzy sets and multi-objective marine predator algorithm for point and interval prediction of wind speed.

Short-term wind speed forecasting is fundamental to improving the stability of power grid operation and enhancing its transmission efficiency; thus, it has long been a research hotspot. Nonetheless, quantities of literature in this field only used the single prediction model and overemphasized deterministic prediction, which resulted in deficient forecasting performance. To address these issues, a novel point and interval combination prediction system was developed in this paper.

Uncertainty quantification of PM concentrations using a hybrid model based on characteristic decomposition and fuzzy granulation.

The prediction of air pollution plays an important role in reducing the emission of air pollutants and guiding people to carry out early warning and control, so it attracts many scholars to conduct modeling and research on it. However, most of the current researches fail to quantify the uncertainty in prediction and only use traditional fuzzy information granulation to process data, resulting in the loss of much detail information. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid model based on decomposition and granular fuzzy information to solve these problems.

Directed evolution of phosphite dehydrogenase to cycle noncanonical redox cofactors via universal growth selection platform.

Noncanonical redox cofactors are attractive low-cost alternatives to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)) in biotransformation. However, engineering enzymes to utilize them is challenging. Here, we present a high-throughput directed evolution platform which couples cell growth to the in vivo cycling of a noncanonical cofactor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN).

Co-evolutionary adaptations of and a clinical carbapenemase-encoding plasmid during carbapenem exposure.

OXA-23 is the predominant carbapenemase in carbapenem-resistant . The co-evolutionary dynamics of and OXA-23-encoding plasmids are poorly understood. Here, we transformed ATCC 17978 with pAZJ221, a -containing plasmid from clinical isolate A221, and subjected the transformant to experimental evolution in the presence of a sub-inhibitory concentration of imipenem for nearly 400 generations.

Engineering Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Glycolysis to Generate Noncanonical Reducing Power.

Noncanonical cofactors such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplant the electron-transfer functionality of the natural cofactors, NAD(P), at a lower cost in cell-free biomanufacturing and enable orthogonal electron delivery in whole-cell metabolic engineering. Here, we redesign the high-flux Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) glycolytic pathway to generate NMN-based reducing power, by engineering glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( GapN) to utilize NMN. Through iterative rounds of rational design, we discover the variant GapN Penta (P179K-F153S-S330R-I234E-G210Q) with high NMN-dependent activity and GapN Ortho (P179K-F153S-S330R-I234E-G214E) with ~3.

Growth-Based, High-Throughput Selection for NADH Preference in an Oxygen-Dependent Biocatalyst.

Cyclohexanone monooxygenases (CHMO) consume molecular oxygen and NADPH to catalyze the valuable oxidation of cyclic ketones. However, CHMO usage is restricted by poor stability and stringent specificity for NADPH. Efforts to engineer CHMO have been limited by the sensitivity of the enzyme to perturbations in conformational dynamics and long-range interactions that cannot be predicted.

A Growth-Based, High-Throughput Selection Platform Enables Remodeling of 4-Hydroxybenzoate Hydroxylase Active Site.

We report an aerobic, growth-based selection platform founded on NADP(H) redox balance restoration in , and we demonstrate its application in the high-throughput evolution of an oxygenase. A single round of selection followed by a facile growth assay enabled 4-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (PobA) to efficiently hydroxylate both 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA), two consecutive steps in gallic acid biosynthesis. Structural modeling suggests precise reorganization of active site hydrogen bond network, which is difficult to obtain without deep navigation of combinatorial sequence space.

Novel tigecycline resistance mechanisms in mediated by mutations in , and .

is an important pathogen in hospital acquired infections. Although tigecycline currently remains a potent antibiotic for treating infections caused by multidrug resistant (MDRAB) strains, reports of tigecycline resistant isolates have substantially increased. The resistance mechanisms to tigecycline in are far more complicated and diverse than what has been described in the literature so far.

In Vivo, High-Throughput Selection of Thermostable Cyclohexanone Monooxygenase (CHMO).

Cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO) from sp. NCIMB 9871 is characterized as having wide substrate versatility for the biooxidation of (cyclic) ketones into esters and lactones with high stereospecificity. Despite industrial potential, CHMO usage is restricted by poor thermostability.

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for optimized biosynthesis of nicotinamide mononucleotide, a noncanonical redox cofactor.

Background: Noncanonical redox cofactors are emerging as important tools in cell-free biosynthesis to increase the economic viability, to enable exquisite control, and to expand the range of chemistries accessible. However, these noncanonical redox cofactors need to be biologically synthesized to achieve full integration with renewable biomanufacturing processes.

Results: In this work, we engineered Escherichia coli cells to biosynthesize the noncanonical cofactor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), which has been efficiently used in cell-free biosynthesis.

Phenotypic Variation and Carbapenem Resistance Potential in OXA-499-Producing .

is increasingly recognized as a clinically important species. Here, we identified a carbapenem-non-resistant clinical isolate, A1254, harboring , , and . The genetic environment in A1254 was identical to that of another OXA-499-producing, but carbapenem-resistant, isolate, YMC2010/8/T346, indicating the existence of phenotypic variation among OXA-499-producing strains.

Cointegration as a mechanism for the evolution of a KPC-producing multidrug resistance plasmid in .

The incidence and transmission of carbapenemase (KPC) producing plasmids have been well documented. However, the evolutionary dynamics of KPC plasmids and their fitness costs are not well characterized. Here, two carbapenemase-producing plasmids from , pT18 and pT211 (both carrying ), were characterized through whole genome sequencing.