Ethanol precipitation process affects the pharmacokinetic characteristics of major active glycosides of Qiong-Yu-Gao: evidences in normal and cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Qiong-Yu-Gao (QYG) is a classical formula that shows protective effects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Recent evidence indicates that iridoid glycosides and ginsenosides are the main active substances of QYG. In the production of modern Chinese medicine preparations, ethanol precipitation is a commonly applied but not fully verified refining process.

A comprehensive chromatographic strategy for assessing the impact of artificial rearing, host tree species and environmental factors on quality of Cicadae Periostracum.

Cicadae Periostracum (CP), derived from the slough of Cryptotympana atrata Fabricius, is a widely used insect-based medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine. Due to the depletion of natural resources, artificial rearing has become prevalent; however, its impact on CP quality remains insufficiently elucidated. To evaluate this impact, along with that of host tree species and environmental factors, a comprehensive chromatographic strategy integrating UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, UPLC-TQ-MS/MS and UPLC-DAD was developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of N-acetyldopamine oligomers (NAOs), the active components in CP, as well as free/hydrolyzed amino acids (FAA/HAA).

miR-4486 inhibits colorectal cancer proliferation via targeting MAP2K4 to inhibit the activation of the p38MAPK/JNK signaling.

Objective: Since MAP2K4 was reportedly involved in colorectal cancer development and the p38MAPK/JNK signaling transcription, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which the microRNA (miR)-4486 acts on colorectal cell proliferation.

Methods: RT-PCR was conducted to measure the expression levels of the MAP2K4 and miR-4486 in NCM460, SW1116, and HCT116 cells. TargetScanHuman site anticipated that MAP2K4 may be a target of miR-4486.

Integrated anti-fatigue effects of polysaccharides and small molecules coexisting in water extracts of ginseng: Gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Both clinical and animal studies have demonstrated that ginseng has curative effects on fatigue. Our previous study found that water extracts of ginseng (WEG) could significantly mitigate exercise-induced fatigue (EF). Notably, polysaccharides (GP) and small molecules (GS, mainly ginsenosides) coexist in WEG.

A robust ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of 10 components in glutathione cycle.

Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant that is generated and degraded via the GSH cycle. Quantification of the main components in the GSH cycle is necessary to evaluate the process of GSH. In this study, a robust ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of 10 components (GSH; γ-glutamylcysteine; cysteinyl-glycine; n-acetylcysteine; homocysteine; cysteine; cystine; methionine; glutamate; pyroglutamic acid) in GSH cycle was developed.

Purification and Structural Analyses of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Low-Value Sea Cucumber and Anticoagulant Activities of Its Oligosaccharides.

Three polysaccharides (SnNG, SnFS and SnFG) were purified from the body wall of . The physicochemical properties, including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, sulfate content, and optical rotation, were analyzed, confirming that SnFS and SnFG are sulfated polysaccharides commonly found in sea cucumbers. The highly regular structure {3)-L-Fuc-(α1,} of SnFS was determined via a detailed NMR analysis of its oxidative degradation product.

Oligomer-guided recognition of two fucan sulfate from Bohadschia argus and inhibition of P-selectin binding to its ligand.

Fucan sulfate (FS) from sea cucumber shows intriguing structure and extensive activities. Here, three homogeneous FS (BaFSI - III) were obtained from Bohadschia argus, followed with physicochemical properties analyses including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and sulfate content. BaFSI was proposed to carry a unique distribution pattern of sulfate groups as a novel sequence composed of domain A and domain B that formed by different Fuc residues, markedly differing from FS reported before, according to the analyses of 12 oligosaccharides and a representative residual saccharide chain.

sp. nov., isolated from freshwater wetland sediment.

A Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain WST5, isolated from sediment was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain WST5 was most closely related to CJ25 (96.8 % similarity).

Methanotrophs Contribute to Nitrogen Fixation in Emergent Macrophytes.

Root-associated aerobic methanotroph plays an important role in reducing methane emissions from wetlands. In this study, we examined the activity of methane-dependent nitrogen fixation and active nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities on the roots of and using a N-N feeding experiment and a cDNA-based clone library sequence of the gene, respectively. A N-N feeding experiment showed that the N fixation rate of (1.

miR-4486 reverses cisplatin-resistance of colon cancer cells via targeting ATG7 to inhibiting autophagy.

Cisplatin (DDP) resistance is one of the main causes of treatment failure in patients with colon cancer (CC). Autophagy is a key mechanism of resistance to chemotherapy. Since autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) has been reported to be involved in the regulation of autophagy and DDP resistance for lung and esophageal cancer, the present study aimed to explore the functions of microRNA (miR)-4486 in the autophagy-mediated DDP resistance of CC.

miR-4486 enhances cisplatin sensitivity of gastric cancer cells by restraining the JAK3/STAT3 signalling pathway.

Along with the occurrence of cisplatin resistance, treatment on gastric cancer (GC) becomes difficult. Therefore, researches on new therapeutic methods to revert cisplatin resistance are becoming increasingly urgent. qRT-PCR was used to quantify the expression of miR-4486, JAK3 in SGC-7901 or SGC-7901/DDP cell lines.

Pseudomonas pratensis sp. nov., Isolated from Grassland Soil from Inner Mongolia, China.

A novel bacterial strain, designated MHJ-10J, was isolated from a soil sample obtained from a grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. MHJ-10J strain could grow at 4-37 °C (optimum: 30 °C) and pH 4-9 (optimum: pH 6), as well as in the presence of 0-6% NaCl (optimum: 1%). Cells of strain MHJ-10J are Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and motile.

Characteristics of the tree shrew gut virome.

The tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) has been proposed as an alternative laboratory animal to primates in biomedical research in recent years. However, characteristics of the tree shrew gut virome remain unclear. In this study, the metagenomic analysis method was used to identify the features of gut virome from fecal samples of this animal.