Combined semi-continuous feeding and stripping: Improving volatile fatty acid production and sulfate reduction in a two-phase anaerobic sulfate reduction system.

This study developed a two-phase anaerobic sulfate reduction system with semi-continuous feeding, integrated with vapor stripping, to assess its treatment performance at varying chemical oxygen demand (COD)/SO ratios. At a COD/SO ratio of 2, the system achieved high removal efficiencies of 91.85 % for COD and 92.

Computational insights into potent USP5 inhibitors based on multistep virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation.

USP5 is widely distributed in various malignant tumors and can regulate the stability and promoting tumor progression of many tumor-related proteins. However, there is still a lack of highly active USP5 inhibitors. Therefore, effective inhibitors were screened in the TCMIO database in this study.

Shedding Light on MOF-Encapsulated Tandem Enzymes.

Photo-enzyme coupling system are receiving widespread attention due to the unique opportunity by integrating photochemistry with nature's enzymatic machinery. Here we highlight a recent work about MOF encapsulated tandem enzymes for photoenzymatic CO conversion, and provide an outlook for the further development of photo-enzyme systems for green bio-manufacturing.

The Herbal Combination Shu Gan Jie Yu Regulates the SNCG/ER-a/AKT-ERK Pathway in DMBA-Induced Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Cell Lines Based on RNA-Seq and IPA Analysis.

Background: Soothing the liver (called in Chinese, SGJY) is a significant therapeutic method for breast cancer in TCM. In this study, 3 liver-soothing herbs, including L., L.

MnO nanoparticles decorated with Ag/Au nanotags for label-based SERS determination of cellular glutathione.

A novel stimulus-responsive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobe has been developed for sensitive glutathione (GSH) detection based on manganese dioxide (MnO) core and silver/gold nanoparticles (Ag/Au NPs). The MnO core is not only capable to act as a scaffold to amplify the SERS signal via producing "hot spots", but also can be degraded in the presence of the target and thus greatly enhance the nanoprobe sensitivity for sensing of GSH. This approach enables a wide linear range from 1 to 100 µM with a 2.

Accurate tumor clonal structures require single-cell analysis.

Tumor clonal structure is closely related to future progression, which has been mainly investigated as mutation abundance clustering in bulk samples. With relatively limited studies at single-cell resolution, a systematic comparison of the two approaches is still lacking. Here, using bulk and single-cell mutational data from the liver and colorectal cancers, we checked whether co-mutations determined by single-cell analysis had corresponding bulk variant allele frequency (VAF) peaks.

Three-dimensional quantitative structural-activity relationship and molecular dynamics study of multivariate substituted 4-oxyquinazoline HDAC6 inhibitors.

3D-QSAR models were established by collecting 46 multivariate-substituted 4-oxyquinazoline HDAC6 inhibitors. The relationship of molecular structure and inhibitory activity was studied by comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA). The results showed the models established by CoMFA (q = 0.

Theoretical Exploring of a Molecular Mechanism for Melanin Inhibitory Activity of Calycosin in Zebrafish.

Tyrosinase is an oxidase that is the rate-limiting enzyme for controlling the production of melanin in the human body. Overproduction of melanin can lead to a variety of skin disorders. Calycosin is an isoflavone from Astragali Radix, which is a traditional Chinese medicine that exhibits several pharmacological activities including skin whitening.

Clonal evolution in liver cancer at single-cell and single-variant resolution.

Genetic heterogeneity of tumor is closely related to its clonal evolution, phenotypic diversity and treatment resistance, and such heterogeneity has only been characterized at single-cell sub-chromosomal scale in liver cancer. Here we reconstructed the single-variant resolution clonal evolution in human liver cancer based on single-cell mutational profiles. The results indicated that key genetic events occurred early during tumorigenesis, and an early metastasis followed by independent evolution was observed in primary liver tumor and intrahepatic metastatic portal vein tumor thrombus.

Mutational and transcriptomic landscapes of a rare human prostate basal cell carcinoma.

Background: As a rare subtype of prostate carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has not been studied extensively and thus lacks systematic molecular characterization.

Methods: Here, we applied single-cell genomic amplification and RNA-Seq to a specimen of human prostate BCC (CK34βE12 /P63 /PAP /PSA ). The mutational landscape was obtained via whole exome sequencing of the amplification mixture of 49 single cells, and the transcriptomes of 69 single cells were also obtained.

The Mutational Features of Aristolochic Acid-Induced Mouse and Human Liver Cancers.

Background And Aims: Aristolochic acid (AA) exposure has been statistically associated with human liver cancers. However, direct evidence of AA exposure-induced liver cancer is absent. This study aims to establish a direct causal relationship between AA exposure and liver cancers based on a mouse model and then explores the AA-mediated genomic alterations that could be implicated in human cancers with AA-associated mutational signature.

Structural and functional conservation of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis RIP3 in cell death signalling.

Receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) has emerged as an essential molecular regulator in human inflammation with accumulating evidence in vertebrates. However, the structure and functions of RIP3 in teleosts remains elusive. Here we identified one RIP3 homologue from half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis, designated CsRIP3.

Effects of volatile oil from ginger on the murine B16 melanoma cells and its mechanism.

In this study, the inhibitory effects of volatile oil from ginger on melanogenesis and its antioxidant characteristics were investigated. The effects of volatile oil from ginger on cell proliferation, melanin content and tyrosinase activity were determined using a microplate reader. In addition, the expression of melanogenesis-related protein was determined by western blotting.

Sirt1 regulates acrosome biogenesis by modulating autophagic flux during spermiogenesis in mice.

Sirt1 is a member of the sirtuin family of proteins and has important roles in numerous biological processes. Sirt1 mice display an increased frequency of abnormal spermatozoa, but the mechanism of Sirt1 in spermiogenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we report that Sirt1 might be directly involved in spermiogenesis in germ cells but not in steroidogenic cells.

Inhibition of beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity by pinocembrin through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in SH-SY5Y cells.

Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) can cause neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It evokes a cascade of oxidative damage to neurons. Pinocembrin (PCB), the most abundant flavonoid in propolis, has been proven to have neuroprotective effects in vivo and in vitro.

Pinocembrin attenuates MPP(+)-induced neurotoxicity by the induction of heme oxygenase-1 through ERK1/2 pathway.

Our recent study demonstrated that pinocembrin (PB), the most abundant flavonoid in propolis, has neuroprotective effect against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced SH-SY5Y neurotoxicity. However, the mechanism as how PB can induce neuroprotection is not known. In the present study, we demonstrate here that PB increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, which conferred protection against MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity, because the inhibitor of HO-1 zinc protoporphyrin-IX attenuated the neuroprotection of PB.

Sox2 is involved in paclitaxel resistance of the prostate cancer cell line PC-3 via the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer‑associated mortality in males. The efficacy of prostate cancer chemotherapy is frequently impaired by drug resistance; however, the underlying mechanisms of this resistance remain elusive. Sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2) is of vital importance in the regulation of stem cell proliferation and carcinogenesis.

An estimating function approach to linkage heterogeneity.

Testing linkage heterogeneity between two loci is an important issue in genetics. Currently, there are four methods (K-test, A-test, B-test and D-test) for testing linkage heterogeneity in linkage analysis, which are based on the likelihood-ratio test. Among them, the commonly used methods are the K-test and A-test.

Hypoxia increases CX3CR1 expression via HIF-1 and NF‑κB in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.

The unique CX3C chemokine CX3CL1 and its cognate receptor CX3CR1 have been implicated in organ-specific metastasis of various types of tumors. Hypoxia, a common phenomenon in solid tumors, is associated with a malignant cancer phenotype. Previous studies have proved that hypoxia facilitates cancer cell metastasis through upregulation of specific chemokine receptors.