Spatiotemporal coordination between local flux and systemic homeostasis in the small intestine.

The small intestine has a pivotal role in nutrient absorption, host defense, and endocrine functions, with the maintenance of its homeostasis relying on the synergistic interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. These encompass a highly organized spatiotemporal microenvironment, characterized by a regionalized histological architecture, functionally specialized cell populations, and spatially rhythmic nutrient gradient environments shaped by dietary patterns. While the link between small intestinal dysfunction and a wide range of systemic diseases has been well established, recent advances in spatial omics and dietary interventions have provided unprecedented new insights.

Gasdermin-D-mediated epithelial-immune circuit synchronizes nutrient absorption and host defense in the small intestine.

The small intestine (SI) absorbs nutrients and acts as a barrier against pathogens. Diet enables the absorptive function of the SI while maintaining immune homeostasis. But how the SI transmits nutritional signals to the immune response and adapts to dietary intake remains unclear.

Protocol for extraction of gut interstitial fluid in mice with two-front nutrient supply.

The intestine features a two-front nutrient supply environment, comprising an enteral side enriched with microbial and dietary metabolites and a serosal side supplied by systemic nutrients, collectively supporting intestinal and systemic homeostasis, but there is currently no optimal approach for extracting and assessing the local intestinal microenvironment. Here, we present a protocol for constructing a nutrient supply model in mice and extracting gut interstitial fluid (GIF) via centrifugation. This model and the extracted GIF are suitable for downstream analyses.

A pattern recognition receptor C-type lectin TcCTL14 contributes to immune response and development in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum.

Evidence is accumulating that pattern recognition receptor (PRR) C-type lectins (CTL) play essential roles in recognition of pathogens. TcCTL14 (accession no. TC00871) contains the most domains among all CTL of Tribolium castaneum.

Three cytochrome P450 CYP4 family genes regulated by the CncC signaling pathway mediate phytochemical susceptibility in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum.

Background: Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play a crucial role in phytochemical metabolism and tolerance. Three P450 genes (TcCYP4Q3, TcCYP4Q5, and TcCYP4Q7) are associated with the response of eugenol in Tribolium castaneum. However, the responding mechanisms of these P450 genes to eugenol remain unknown.