Tracheal tube cuff materials, shapes, and coatings in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a network meta-analysis and systematic review.

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of various endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff materials, shapes, and antimicrobial coatings in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) through a network meta-analysis.

Methods: Six databases were searched up to February 2025 for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data analysis was performed using R software.

Electroacupuncture pretreatment ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the miR-124/NF-κB/Fas signaling pathway.

Background: The mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether EA pretreatment attenuates CIRI through the miR-124/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/Fas signaling pathway.

Methods: Following 7 days of EA pretreatment at Baihui (GV20), Fengfu (GV16), and Dazhui (GV14), CIRI rats were established.

Accuracy of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons criteria in predicting common bile duct microlithiasis.

Background: Patients with suspected common bile duct stones are classified as high risk (HR), intermediate risk (IR), or low risk (LR) based on the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE), European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), and Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES). This study validated common bile duct microlithiasis (CBDM) clinical risk stratification utility.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cases of suspected CBDM between November 2017 and May 2024.

Global, regional, and national burden for childhood and adolescent cancers from 1990 to 2021: from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Purpose: Cancer is a major contributor to the global burden of disease, with children and adolescents being a population group that cannot be ignored. Our aim was to study the burden of cancer in children and adolescents (CAC) in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: Global age-standardized incidence rates (GASRs) and incidence trends for CAC for children aged 0-19 years were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, stratified by 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.

Early versus late pancreatic stent placement for preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis: protocol of a multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Background: Pancreatic stenting has been shown to effectively lower the occurrence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) and reduce its severity. To date, no evidence exists to determine the optimal timing for pancreatic stent placement in prospective trials. Our aim is to compare early versus late pancreatic stent placement in preventing PEP among patients with naive papilla.

Artificial intelligence alert system based on intraluminal view for colonoscopy intubation.

Mucosal contact of the tip of colonoscopy causes red-out views, and more pressure may result in perforation. There is still a lack of quantitative analysis methods for red-out views. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system to assess red-out views during intubation in colonoscopy.

A semi-supervised convolutional neural network for diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma based on EUS-FNA cytological images.

Background: The cytological diagnostic process of EUS-FNA smears is time-consuming and manpower-intensive, and the conclusion could be subjective and controversial. Moreover, the relative lack of cytopathologists has limited the widespread implementation of Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) presently. Therefore, this study aimed to establish an AI system for the detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) based on EUS-FNA cytological images.

Integrated multi-omics characterization of neuroblastoma with bone or bone marrow metastasis.

The pathogenesis of neuroblastoma with bone or bone marrow metastasis (NB-BBM) and its complex immune microenvironment remain poorly elucidated, hampering the advancement of effective risk prediction for BBM and limiting therapeutic strategies. Feature recognition of 142 paraffin-embedded hematoxylin-eosin-stained tumor section images was conducted using a Swin-Transformer for pathological histology to predict NB-BBM occurrence. Single-cell transcriptomics identified a tumor cell subpopulation (NB3) and two tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) subpopulations (SPP1 TAMs and IGHM TAMs) closely associated with BBM and highlighted transketolase (TKT) as a key molecular marker for metastatic progression in NB.

Understanding oral care in the intensive care unit: A qualitative study of nurse experiences and practices with mechanically ventilated patients.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common hospital-acquired infection in the intensive care unit (ICU), often linked to poor oral care. Despite its importance, oral care is frequently neglected in ICU settings, leading to increased morbidity and health care costs.

Aim: To explore the challenges ICU nurses face in providing oral care to mechanically ventilated patients and identify their specific educational needs.

Random forest analysis of ICU nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices in oral care for ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention.

Background: Oral care is critical for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. ICU nurses play a key role in delivering this care but often encounter challenges stemming from knowledge gaps and inconsistent practices.

Aim: To assess ICU nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) in oral care for VAP prevention and identify demographic factors influencing these variations using random forest analysis.

Combination of Evans syndrome and COVID-19: a systematic review of reported cases.

Background: Evans syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by simultaneous or sequential primary immune thrombocytopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Despite the low incidence of Evans syndrome after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, its progression may threaten public health. This review offers an up-to-date summary of the works on the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Evans syndrome to explore the pathogenic mechanisms, epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentations, diagnostic markers, and treatment strategies.

Assessing the Impact of Oral Care Micro-courses on ICU Nurses' Compliance Through a Mixed-Effects Model: A Quasi-experimental Study.

Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common and severe hospital-acquired infection, and oral care is an effective preventive measure. However, the compliance and quality of oral care among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses need improvement. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted in two ICUs at the first affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China, involving 74 ICU nurses.

Stage-specific CAR-mediated signaling generates naïve-like, TCR-null CAR T cells from induced pluripotent stem cells.

Genetically modified, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a promising allogeneic source for the generation of functionally enhanced, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. However, the signaling of CARs during early T cell development and the removal of the endogenous T cell receptor required to prevent alloreactivity pose significant challenges to the production of mature conventional CAR T cells from iPSCs. Here, we show that TCR-null, CD8αβ CAR T cells can be efficiently generated from iPSCs by engineering stage-specific onset of CAR expression and signaling to both permit conventional T cell development and to induce efficient positive selection.

Tenofovir and Hepatitis B Virus Transmission During Pregnancy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Standard care for preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in highly viremic mothers consists of maternal antiviral prophylaxis beginning at gestational week 28 combined with an HBV vaccine series and HBV immune globulin (HBIG) at birth. However, HBIG is unavailable in some resource-limited areas.

Objective: To determine whether initiating tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) at gestational week 16 combined with HBV vaccinations for infants is noninferior to the standard care of TDF at gestational week 28 combined with HBV vaccinations and HBIG for infants in preventing MTCT in mothers with HBV and high levels of viremia.

Molecular profiling of core immune-escape genes highlights TNFAIP3 as an immune-related prognostic biomarker in neuroblastoma.

Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most prevalent and deadliest pediatric solid tumor. With of over 50% of high-risk neuroblastoma cases relapse, the imperative for novel drug targets and therapeutic strategies is accentuated. In neuroblastoma, the existence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) correlates with an unfavorable patient prognosis.

Herbal oral care products for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Background: The recommendation for Chlorhexidine (CHX) as a traditional oral care solution is decreasing, and herbal oral care products are being considered as a potential alternative. This network meta-analysis aims to determine if herbal oral care products for oral care in mechanically ventilated patients are superior to CHX and provide direction for future research by comparing the effectiveness of herbal oral care products currently available.

Materials And Methods: We searched for English-language published and grey literature sources of randomized clinical trials involving herbal oral care solutions in intensive care unit (ICU) oral care (until September 2023).

Hsa_circ_0021205 enhances lipolysis via regulating miR-195-5p/HSL axis and drives malignant progression of glioblastoma.

Abnormal lipid metabolism is an essential hallmark of glioblastoma. Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), an important rate-limiting enzyme contributed to lipolysis, which was involved in aberrant lipolysis of glioblastoma, however, its definite roles and the relevant regulatory pathway have not been fully elucidated. Our investigations disclosed high expression of HSL in glioblastoma.

Long noncoding RNA HOXC-AS3 remodels lipid metabolism and promotes the proliferation of transformed macrophages in the glioma stem cell microenvironment by regulating the hnRNPA1/CaM axis.

Metabolism remodelling of macrophages in the glioblastoma microenvironment contributes to immunotherapeutic resistance. However, glioma stem cell (GSC)-initiated lipid metabolism remodelling of transformed macrophages (tMΦs) and its effect on the glioblastoma microenvironment have not been fully elucidated. Total cholesterol (TC) levels and lipid metabolism enzyme expression in macrophages in the GSC microenvironment were evaluated and found that the TC levels of tMΦs were increased, and the expression of the lipid metabolism enzymes calmodulin (CaM), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and liver X receptor (LXR) was upregulated.

Real-time observation of stationary and pulsating noise-like vector pulses in a fiber laser.

Rapid progress in real-time measurement technology has uncovered varieties of transient pulse dynamics. Here, we report the vector nature of noise-like pulse (NLP) in a passive fiber laser based on the nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) as the polarization independent saturable absorber. After achieving the basic operation regime of NLP, various types of vector pulses, namely, the polarization locked noise-like vector pulse (PLNLVP), the group velocity locked noise-like vector pulse (GVLNLVP), and the transitional state of combined characteristics of GVLNLVP and polarization rotation noise-like vector pulse (PRNLVP) are also obtained in the cavity.

Exosomal miR-6733-5p mediates cross-talk between glioblastoma stem cells and macrophages and promotes glioblastoma multiform progression synergistically.

Aim: Exosomal miRNAs derived from glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are important mediators of immunosuppressive microenvironment formation in glioblastoma multiform (GBM), especially in M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). However, the exact mechanisms by which GSCs-derived exosomes (GSCs-exo) facilitate the remodeling of the immunosuppressive microenvironment of GBM have not been elucidated.

Methods: Transmission electron microscopy (TME) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were applied to verify the existence of GSCs-derived exosomes.

[Pulse pressure loss after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an independent predictor of ECMO weaning failure].

Objective: To analyze the predictors of successful weaning off extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR).

Methods: The clinical data of 56 patients with cardiac arrest who underwent ECPR in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) from July 2018 to September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether ECMO was successfully weaning off, patients were divided into the successful weaning off group and the failed weaning off group.

Interobserver Agreement among Cytopathologists in False-Negative Cases by Cytological Diagnosis with Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration in Solid Pancreatic Lesions.

Introduction: Early detection and accurate pathological assessment are critical to improving prognosis of pancreatic cancer. EUS has been widely used in diagnosing pancreatic lesions and can obtain histological diagnosis by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). However, comprehensive assessment of the interobserver agreement (IOA) among cytopathologists evaluating EUS-FNA specimens is still limited.

HDAC1 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes cancer cell invasion in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most malignant tumors of the central nervous system, and its treatment has always been a difficult clinical problem. Here, we evaluated HDAC1 expression patterns and their effect on prognosis based on GBM cases from TCGA and CGGA databases. Expression was compared between GBM samples and normal controls.

Upregulation of the ZNF148/PTX3 axis promotes malignant transformation of dendritic cells in glioma stem-like cells microenvironment.

Background: The recent development of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has resulted in advances in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment. However, the cell fate of DCs in the GBM microenvironment, especially in microenvironments in which glioma stem cell (GSCs)-mediated remodeling has resulted in highly immunosuppressive conditions, has not yet been fully investigated.

Methods: Observed the interaction between GSCs and primary cultured DCs in a dual-color tracing model, monoclonal and continuously passaged highly proliferative DCs, and named transformed DCs (t-DCs).