Effect of a brief, focal acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) protocol to accelerate repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment with theta-burst stimulation (TBS) for elderly patients with depression: A randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the leading causes of disability, especially among elderly. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective non-pharmacological treatment and theta burst stimulation (TBS) technique offers shorter sessions. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a proven effective intervention in the treatment of MDD.

Psychoeducation Group for Depression (PEG-D): Study protocol for a prospective, randomized, single-blind, crossover trial.

Background: Considered a leading contributor to the global health burden, depression is characterized by its multifaceted nature. Recognizing the limitations of pharmacological treatments, non-pharmacological alternatives have been suggested to enhance full remission and increase quality of life.

Aim: To contribute to this field, we aim to develop and investigate the efficacy of a short psychoeducational program as an adjunctive treatment for depression.

No changes in plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels in Treatment-Resistant Depression patients submitted to Convulsive Therapies.

Background: Convulsive therapies are often effective for Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD), although their mechanisms of action are unclear. Increases in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels are observed after Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), but more recent evidence calls this claim into question. Moreover, Magnetic Seizure Therapy (MST), a new convulsive technique, has not yet been studied regarding possible neurotrophic modulation.

Accelerated Theta-Burst Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) is an established treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Sessions conducted more than once daily (ie, accelerated TBS [aTBS]) may enhance antidepressant effects. However, evidence is limited to small trials, and protocols are time-consuming and can require neuroimaging-based targeting.

Vertical structure of an exoplanet's atmospheric jet stream.

Ultra-hot Jupiters, an extreme class of planets not found in our Solar System, provide a unique window into atmospheric processes. The extreme temperature contrasts between their day and night sides pose a fundamental climate puzzle: how is energy distributed? To address this, we must observe the three-dimensional structure of these atmospheres, particularly their vertical circulation patterns that can serve as a testbed for advanced global circulation models, for example, in ref. .

Magnetic Waves vs. Electric Shocks: A Non-Inferiority Study of Magnetic Seizure Therapy and Electroconvulsive Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Depression.

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD), characterized by the failure to achieve symptomatic remission despite multiple pharmacotherapeutic treatments, poses a significant challenge for clinicians. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective but limited option due to its cognitive side effects. In this context, magnetic seizure therapy (MST) has emerged as a promising alternative, offering comparable antidepressant efficacy with better cognitive outcomes.

A broadband thermal emission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-18b.

Close-in giant exoplanets with temperatures greater than 2,000 K ('ultra-hot Jupiters') have been the subject of extensive efforts to determine their atmospheric properties using thermal emission measurements from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Spitzer Space Telescope. However, previous studies have yielded inconsistent results because the small sizes of the spectral features and the limited information content of the data resulted in high sensitivity to the varying assumptions made in the treatment of instrument systematics and the atmospheric retrieval analysis. Here we present a dayside thermal emission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-18b obtained with the NIRISS instrument on the JWST.

Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRISS.

The Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b has been the subject of extensive efforts to determine its atmospheric properties using transmission spectroscopy. However, these efforts have been hampered by modelling degeneracies between composition and cloud properties that are caused by limited data quality. Here we present the transmission spectrum of WASP-39b obtained using the Single-Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode of the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) instrument on the JWST.

Treatment of depression in the elderly with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation using theta-burst stimulation: Study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

Introduction: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a consolidated procedure for the treatment of depression, with several meta-analyses demonstrating its efficacy. Theta-burst stimulation (TBS) is a modification of TMS with similar efficacy and shorter session duration. The geriatric population has many comorbidities and a high prevalence of depression, but few clinical trials are conducted specifically for this age group.

Examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of the network approach to psychopathology: Analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort over a 12-year timespan.

Cohort studies have displayed mixed findings on changes in mental symptoms severity in 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak started. Network approaches can provide additional insights by analyzing the connectivity of such symptoms. We assessed the network structure of mental symptoms in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Health (ELSA-Brasil) in 3 waves: 2008-2010, 2017-2019, and 2020, and hypothesized that the 2020 network would present connectivity changes.

tRNA overexpression rescues peripheral neuropathy caused by mutations in tRNA synthetase.

Heterozygous mutations in six transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase genes cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) peripheral neuropathy. CMT mutant tRNA synthetases inhibit protein synthesis by an unknown mechanism. We found that CMT mutant glycyl-tRNA synthetases bound tRNA but failed to release it, resulting in tRNA sequestration.

Prevalence and risk factors of psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the ELSA-Brasil COVID-19 mental health cohort.

Background: There is mixed evidence on increasing rates of psychiatric disorders and symptoms during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020. We evaluated pandemic-related psychopathology and psychiatry diagnoses and their determinants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Health (ELSA-Brasil) São Paulo Research Center.

Methods: Between pre-pandemic ELSA-Brasil assessments in 2008-2010 (wave-1), 2012-2014 (wave-2), 2016-2018 (wave-3) and three pandemic assessments in 2020 (COVID-19 waves in May-July, July-September, and October-December), rates of common psychiatric symptoms, and depressive, anxiety, and common mental disorders (CMDs) were compared using the Clinical Interview Scheduled-Revised (CIS-R) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21).

Positive epistasis between disease-causing missense mutations and silent polymorphism with effect on mRNA translation velocity.

Epistasis refers to the dependence of a mutation on other mutation(s) and the genetic context in general. In the context of human disorders, epistasis complicates the spectrum of disease symptoms and has been proposed as a major contributor to variations in disease outcome. The nonadditive relationship between mutations and the lack of complete understanding of the underlying physiological effects limit our ability to predict phenotypic outcome.

The Effect of Synonymous Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms on an Atypical Cystic Fibrosis Clinical Presentation.

Synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (sSNPs), which change a nucleotide, but not the encoded amino acid, are perceived as neutral to protein function and thus, classified as benign. We report a patient who was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF) at an advanced age and presented very mild CF symptoms. The sequencing of the whole cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator () gene locus revealed that the patient lacks known CF-causing mutations.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the footpad with systemic metastasis in a captive crowned solitary eagle (Buteogallus coronatus).

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are one of the most common tumors of the tegument that can have a misdiagnosis of chronic skin wounds. An adult captive crowned solitary eagle presented an indolent wound-like ulcer on the footpad and a fatal outcome. An infiltrating tumoral mass in the foot and multiple tumoral metastatic nodules in visceral organs were detected.

Global assessment of the integrated stress response in CF patient-derived airway and intestinal tissues.

Background: Chronic inflammation is a hallmark among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We explored whether mutation-induced (F508del) misfolding of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and/or secondary colonization with opportunistic pathogens, activate tissue remodeling and innate immune response drivers.

Methods: Using RNA-seq to interrogate global gene expression profiles, we analyzed stress response signaling cascades in primary human bronchial epithelia (HBE) and intestinal organoids.

Peripheral biomarkers allow differential diagnosis between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe mental disorders that pose important challenges for diagnosis by sharing common symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations. The underlying pathophysiology of both disorders remains largely unknown, and the identification of biomarkers with potential to support diagnosis is highly desirable. In a previous study, we successfully discriminated SCZ and BD patients from healthy control (HC) individuals by employing proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-NMR).

Enzymatic potential and biosurfactant production by endophytic fungi from mangrove forest in Southeastern Brazil.

Microbial activity is the main route for cycling mangrove nutrients. In general, microorganisms have abilities to degrade lignocellulosic compounds. Among the biotechnological potential of the microbiota from mangroves, it is noteworthy about endophytic fungi, which can be considered as effective sources of different bioactive compounds.

Characterization of resolution, sensitivity, and shielding of a gamma-probe for sentinel lymph node localization: an experimental study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate angular, spatial, and energy resolution, sensitivity, and shielding of a gamma-probe.

Materials And Methods: The EUROPROBE II gamma-probe (EuroRad) with sources of technetium-99m was assessed according to NEMA NU-3-2004. Resolution tests were evaluated considering the full width at half maximum (FWHM).

Systematic review of the efficacy in seizure control and safety of neuronavigation in epilepsy surgery: The need for well-designed prospective studies.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of surgery with neuronavigation compared to conventional neurosurgical treatment of epilepsy in terms of safety and seizure outcomes and to assess the quality of the evidence base of neuronavigation in this clinical context.

Method: Systematic review using the electronic databases of Cochrane, CRD, PubMed, Embase, SciELO and LILACS in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The [MeSH] terms included "epilepsy" and "neuronavigation".