Antimicrobial Resistance Genotypes and Mobile Genetic Elements of Poultry-Derived : A Retrospective Genomic Study from the United States.

The presence of antibiotic resistance in commensal bacteria may be an influential factor in the persistence of resistance in pathogens. This is especially critical for that consumers may be exposed to through the consumption of uncooked meat. In this study, isolates previously recovered from poultry in the US between 2001 and 2012 were whole-genome sequenced to identify their antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements.

Genome analysis of serovar enteritis strains isolated from poultry and humans in Burkina Faso.

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to characterize four Enteritidis isolates from poultry () and human () from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Antimicrobial resistance genes, chromosomal mutations, and mobile genetic elements were identified by analysis of WGS data using sequence homology.

Tulathromycin metaphylaxis increases nasopharyngeal isolation of multidrug resistant in stocker heifers.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a leading cause of disease in feedlot and stocker calves with () as one of the most common etiologies. One of the most effective means of controlling BRD is through metaphylaxis, which involves administering antimicrobials to all animals at high risk of developing BRD. However, increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) may reduce efficacy of metaphylaxis due to decreased susceptibility to drugs used for metaphylaxis.

Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance in a Mixed-Use Watershed and the Impact of Wastewater Treatment Plants on Antibiotic Resistance in Surface Water.

The aquatic environment has been recognized as a source of antibiotic resistance (AR) that factors into the One Health approach to combat AR. To provide much needed data on AR in the environment, a comprehensive survey of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and antibiotic residues was conducted in a mixed-use watershed and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) within the watershed to evaluate these contaminants in surface water. A culture-based approach was used to determine prevalence and diversity of ARB in surface water.

Polymerase chain reaction for the in vitro detection of the pESI plasmid associated with the globally circulating Salmonella Infantis outbreak strain.

A globally circulating strain of Salmonella enterica serotype Infantis containing the pESI plasmid has increased in prevalence in poultry meat samples and cases of human infections. In this study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was designed to detect the pESI plasmid and confirm the Infantis serotype of Salmonella isolates. Primers were tested bioinformatically to predict specificity, sensitivity, and precision.

Whole-genome sequencing of recovered from retail milk and dairy products in Egypt.

The similarity of the genome with and their presence in the same niche may facilitate gene transfer between them. A better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for bacterial virulence requires an in-depth knowledge of the genetic characteristics of these bacteria. In this context, draft whole genome sequences were completed on five isolated from milk and dairy products in Egypt.

Distribution and Transfer of Plasmid Replicon Families among Multidrug-Resistant and from Poultry.

The presence and transfer of plasmids from commensal bacteria to more pathogenic bacteria may contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. However, the prevalence of plasmids from commensal bacteria, such as the enterococci, in food animals remains largely unknown. In this study, the diversity and prevalence of plasmid families from multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to three or more antimicrobials) enterococci from poultry carcasses were determined.

Resistance Genes, Plasmids, Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), and Phenotypic Resistance of Non-Typhoidal (NTS) Isolated from Slaughtered Chickens in Burkina Faso.

The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in developing countries increases risks to the health of both such countries' residents and the global community due to international travel. It is consequently necessary to investigate antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in countries such as Burkina Faso, where surveillance data are not available. To study the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in , 102 strains isolated from slaughtered chickens were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to obtain information on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and other genetic factors.

Analysis of Salmonella enterica Isolated from a Mixed-Use Watershed in Georgia, USA: Antimicrobial Resistance, Serotype Diversity, and Genetic Relatedness to Human Isolates.

As the cases of Salmonella enterica infections associated with contaminated water are increasing, this study was conducted to address the role of surface water as a reservoir of S. enterica serotypes. We sampled rivers and streams ( = 688) over a 3-year period (2015 to 2017) in a mixed-use watershed in Georgia, USA, and 70.

Genomic Comparison of Conjugative Plasmids from and Encoding Beta-Lactamases and Capable of Mobilizing Kanamycin Resistance Col-like Plasmids.

and are important human pathogens that frequently contain plasmids, both large and small, carrying antibiotic resistance genes. Large conjugative plasmids are known to mobilize small Col plasmids, but less is known about the specificity of mobilization. In the current study, six and four strains containing large plasmids were tested for their ability to mobilize three different kanamycin resistance Col plasmids (KanR plasmids).

Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Producing CTX-M, MCR-1, and FosA in Retail Food From Egypt.

In this study, multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates from retail food and humans assigned into similar Multilocus Sequence Types (MLST) were analyzed using whole genome sequencing (WGS). analysis of assembled sequences revealed the existence of multiple resistance genes among the examined isolates. Of the six CTX-M-producing isolates from retail food, was the prevalent variant identified (83.

Coproduction of Tet(X7) Conferring High-Level Tigecycline Resistance, Fosfomycin FosA4, and Colistin Mcr-1.1 in Escherichia coli Strains from Chickens in Egypt.

The plasmid-mediated (X7) conferring high-level tigecycline resistance was identified in five -positive strains (ST10 [ = 3] and ST155 [ = 2]) isolated from chickens in Egypt. Two fosfomycin-resistant -carrying IncFII plasmids (∼79 kb in size) were detected. Transposase IS (IS family) is syntenic with (X7) in all isolates, suggesting its role in the mobilization of (X7).

Serotyping of sub-Saharan Africa Salmonella strains isolated from poultry feces using multiplex PCR and whole genome sequencing.

Background: Salmonella enterica remains a leading cause of food-borne diseases worldwide. Serotype information is important in food safety and public health activities to reduce the burden of salmonellosis. In the current study, two methods were used to determine serotypes of 111 strains of Salmonella isolated from poultry feces in Burkina Faso.

Evaluation of a new chromogenic agar for the detection of environmental Enterococcus.

CHROMagar Enterococcus (CHR), a new chromogenic medium not yet available for commercial purchase, was evaluated for the isolation of Enterococcus from environmental water samples. Its performance was evaluated in comparison to commercially available media, Enterococcosel agar and m-Enterococcus agar. Three consecutive tests were conducted with each test being performed with a newer batch of the CHR medium with improved media composition per batch.

Draft genome sequence of a bla- and bla-carrying multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli D-ST69 clinical isolate from Egypt.

Objectives: This study describes the first draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli D-ST69 clinical isolate from Egypt carrying bla and bla.

Methods: The strain was isolated in December 2014 from a wound pus swab of a male patient in the city of Kafr El-Sheikh using MacConkey agar containing 2 μg/mL meropenem. The strain was subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation experiments, and whole-genome sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq platform.

Comparison of Antimicrobial Resistance and Pan-Genome of Clinical and Non-Clinical from Poultry Using Whole-Genome Sequencing.

is an emerging avian pathogen, particularly in chickens, but can be found in both diseased (clinical) and healthy (non-clinical) poultry. To better define differences between E. cecorum from the two groups, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to identify and compare antimicrobial resistance genes as well as the pan-genome among the isolates.

Antimicrobial Resistance, Genetic Diversity and Multilocus Sequence Typing of from Humans, Retail Chicken and Ground Beef in Egypt.

Contamination of retail foods with foodborne pathogens, particularly the antimicrobial resistant ones, poses a persistent threat to human health. There is a dearth of information about the overlapping () lineages circulating among retail foods and humans in Egypt. This study aimed to determine the clonal diversity of 120 isolates from diarrheic patients (n = 32), retail chicken carcasses (n = 61) and ground beef (n = 27) from Mansoura, Egypt using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).

Draft Genomic Sequences of Three Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Isolates (H45, H43ii, and H43iii) from Patients in Lagos, Nigeria.

sequence type 131 (ST131) has recently emerged as a leading multidrug-resistant pathogen that causes urinary tract and bloodstream infections in humans. Here, we report the draft genomic sequences of three ST131 isolates, H45, H43ii, and H43iii, from urine samples of patients in Lagos, Nigeria.

Circulation of emerging NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli among humans and dogs in Egypt.

The emergence of NDM-producing Escherichia coli has considerably threatened human and animal health worldwide. This study describes for the first time in Egypt, the draft genome sequences of emerging NDM-5-producing E. coli from humans and dogs, and investigates genetic relatedness between isolates from both sources.

Genomic comparison of diverse Salmonella serovars isolated from swine.

Food animals act as a reservoir for many foodborne pathogens. Salmonella enterica is one of the leading pathogens that cause food borne illness in a broad host range including animals and humans. They can also be associated with a single host species or a subset of hosts, due to genetic factors associated with colonization and infection.

Genetic Characterization of Antimicrobial-Resistant Isolated from a Mixed-Use Watershed in Northeast Georgia, USA.

In order to determine the role of surface water in the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria, water samples were collected quarterly from 2015 to 2016 from a mixed-use watershed in Georgia. In our previous study, 496 were isolated from surface water, out of which, 34 isolates were resistant to antimicrobials. For the current study, these 34 AR were characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, AR gene detection, plasmid replicon typing, class I integron detection, and multi-locus sequence typing.

Genome Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Isolated from Poultry in Nigeria.

is one of the most common commensal bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals. Contaminated poultry can lead to disease outbreaks in consumers causing massive economic losses in the poultry industry. Additionally, commensal can harbor antibiotic resistance genes that can be transferred to other bacteria, including pathogens, in a colonized human host.

Plasmid Replicons and β-Lactamase-Encoding Genes of Multidrug-Resistant Isolated from Humans and Food Animals in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria.

As resistance to the β-lactam class of antibiotics has become a worldwide problem, multidrug-resistant (MDR) human ( = 243) and food animal ( = 211) isolates from Lagos, Nigeria were further tested to characterize β-lactamase-encoding genes and plasmid replicons. Four β-lactamase-encoding genes (, , , and ) were detected using PCR-based replicon typing, 13 and 17 different replicons were identified using a subset of MDR from humans ( = 48) and animals ( = 96), respectively. Replicon types FIB and X2 were detected in equal numbers (2/48; 4.

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes, Cassettes, and Plasmids Present in Associated With United States Food Animals.

The ability of antimicrobial resistance (AR) to transfer, on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) between bacteria, can cause the rapid establishment of multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacteria from animals, thus creating a foodborne risk to human health. To investigate MDR and its association with plasmids in , whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis was performed on 193 isolated from sources associated with United States food animals between 1998 and 2011; 119 were resistant to at least one antibiotic tested. Isolates represented 86 serotypes and variants, as well as diverse phenotypic resistance profiles.

An assay for determining the susceptibility of Salmonella isolates to commercial and household biocides.

Poultry and meat products contaminated with Salmonella enterica are a major cause of foodborne illness in the United States. The food industries use a wide variety of antimicrobial interventions to reduce bacterial contamination. However, little is known about Salmonella susceptibility to these compounds and some studies have shown a concerning link between biocide resistance and antibiotic resistance.