Evidence for vertical transmission of avian reovirus in chickens.

Avian reovirus (ARV) has emerged as a highly prevalent pathogen in Chinese poultry, characterized by its high mutation rate, environmental resilience, and dual vertical-horizontal transmission routes, leading to rising chick morbidity and substantial economic losses. To evaluate vertical transmission, 945 dead embryos and 58 weak chicks from a Guangdong hatchery between January 2023 and December 2024 were tested, yielding a 9.6 % (96/1003) ARV positivity rate.

Trophic transfer of CeO nanoparticles from clamworm to juvenile turbot and related changes in fish flesh quality.

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) accumulate in marine sediments and exhibit adverse effects on benthic organisms. However, the effect of ENPs on marine benthic food chains is largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the trophic transfer and transformation of CeO ENPs within a simulated marine benthic food chain from clamworm () to turbot (), as well as their effects on fish flesh quality.

Copper-Catalyzed Denitrogenative Radical Cyclization of 3-Aminoindazoles with -Cyanoarylacrylamides: Synthesis of Cyanoarylated Quinoline-2,4(1,3)-diones.

A copper-catalyzed denitrogenative radical cyclization of 3-aminoindazoles with -cyanoarylacrylamides has been developed, enabling the efficient synthesis of a variety of cyanoarylated quinoline-2,4(1,3)-diones in moderate to good yields at room temperature. Notably, this strategy overcomes the traditional challenge of the low reactivity of nitrile groups toward radical addition by utilizing cyanoaryl radicals generated from 3-aminoindazoles as reactive intermediates. Mechanism studies indicate that 2-cyanophenyl radicals, generated through the cleavage of two C-N bonds of 3-aminoindazoles, served as the key intermediates initiating the cyclization process.

De-escalated adjuvant radiotherapy versus standard adjuvant treatment for human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (MC1675): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (60-66 Gy) following surgery for HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma has excellent oncological control but high treatment morbidity. We aimed to compare toxicity of a 30-36 Gy regimen of de-escalated adjuvant radiotherapy and standard of care treatment.

Methods: We did this phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial in two academic sites in the USA.

-deficient mutant contributes to bacterial virulence through enhancing the PhoB-mediated pathway in response to host environment.

Unlabelled: is a major opportunistic pathogen that causes lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Loss-of-function mutations in the quorum-sensing regulatory gene commonly arise during chronic infections, which are associated with exaggerated inflammation and accelerated decline in lung function. Here, in a murine cutaneous abscess model, infection with a Δ mutant or a wild-type-Δ mutant-mixed population resulted in higher bacterial loads and more severe tissue damage than infection by the wild-type strain.