PDGFR mediates lumbar spinal stenosis-induced neuropathic pain by regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling in activated macrophages.

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is one of the most common spinal disorders in elderly people and is often accompanied by neuropathic pain. Although our previous studies have demonstrated that infiltrating macrophage contribute to chronic neuropathic pain in LSS rat model, the molecular mechanisms underlying macrophage activation and infiltration have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the critical role of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling pathway in neuropathic pain associated with macrophage infiltration and activation in LSS rats.

Spatial gene expression profiling identifies prognostic features of residual tumors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: The standard treatment for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by surgery, but patients with residual disease have worse outcomes. We investigated genetic alterations related to recurrence using spatial transcriptomic analyses of residual tumors from patients who had and had not relapsed after NAC for early-stage TNBC.

Methods: Thirteen patients who underwent curative resection after NAC for early-stage TNBC, six of whom experienced recurrence, were included.

A Lipoma Arborescens Probably Causing Significant Osteoarthritis of the Elbow in a Young Man.

Lipoma arborescens (LA) is a rare, non-neoplastic, intra-articular, mass-like lesion with villous lipomatous proliferation that replaces and distends the synovium, particularly in the knee joint. A few cases have been sporadically reported to affect the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, and ankle. The authors would like to present a rare and unique case of LA in the elbow joint with significant osteoarthritis in a 24-year-old young man, which suggests that a longstanding pre-existing LA can give rise to severe degenerative arthritis even in young patients unless diagnosed early and adequately treated.

Ovarian Cancer Detection in Ascites Cytology with Weakly Supervised Model on Nationwide Data Set.

Conventional ascitic fluid cytology for detecting ovarian cancer is limited by its low sensitivity. To address this issue, this multicenter study developed patch image (PI)-based fully supervised convolutional neural network (CNN) models and clustering-constrained attention multiple-instance learning (CLAM) algorithms for detecting ovarian cancer using ascitic fluid cytology. Whole-slide images (WSIs), 356 benign and 147 cancer, were collected, from which 14,699 benign and 8025 cancer PIs were extracted.

Whole slide image-level classification of malignant effusion cytology using clustering-constrained attention multiple instance learning.

Background: Cytological diagnosis of pleural effusion plays an important role in the early detection and diagnosis of lung cancers. Recently, attempts have been made to overcome low diagnostic accuracy and interobserver variability using artificial intelligence-based image analysis. However, such analysis is primarily performed at the image-patch level and not at the whole-slide image (WSI) level.

Comparative analysis of Ki-67 labeling index morphometry using deep learning, conventional image analysis, and manual counting.

The Ki-67 labeling index is essential for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer and for diagnosing neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. However, current manual counting and digital image analysis (DIA)-based methods are limited in terms of accurate estimation. This study aimed to assess and compare the capabilities of different DIA systems for Ki-67 counting using the conventional manual counting method.

FDG PET Images of Pseudoprogression After Nivolumab-FOLFOX Chemotherapy in a Gastric Cancer Patient.

A 60-year-old man diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma underwent FDG PET/CT. After completing 9 cycles of combination chemotherapy with nivolumab and FOLFOX, he had multiple new nodular uptakes in the bilateral cervical chains and mediastinum. The pathology of the right neck node confirmed reactive lymph node hyperplasia without evidence of malignancy, suggesting pseudoprogression after immunotherapy.

Tranilast Treatment Prevents Chronic Radiation-Induced Colitis in Rats by Inhibiting Mast Cell Infiltration.

Introduction: Mast cells are the principal cells involved in acute and chronic colitis due to radiation, known as radiation-induced colitis (RIC). In this study, we investigated whether pretreatment with tranilast, a mast cell inhibitor, could alleviate chronic RIC.

Methods: A total of 23 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (n = 5), radiation group (RG, n = 9), and tranilast-pretreated radiation group (TG, n = 9).

Multifunctional Nanomesh Enables Cellular-Resolution, Elastic Neuroelectronics.

Silicone-based devices have the potential to achieve an ideal interface with nervous tissue but suffer from scalability, primarily due to the mechanical mismatch between established electronic materials and soft elastomer substrates. This study presents a novel approach using conventional electrode materials through multifunctional nanomesh to achieve reliable elastic microelectrodes directly on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone with an unprecedented cellular resolution. This engineered nanomesh features an in-plane nanoscale mesh pattern, physically embodied by a stack of three thin-film materials by design, namely Parylene-C for mechanical buffering, gold (Au) for electrical conduction, and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) for improved electrochemical interfacing.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease mimicking an appendiceal neoplasm: a case report.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibroinflammatory condition characterized by chronic activation of the immune system and a tendency to form tumorous lesions. IgG4-RD is frequently characterized by the presence of tumor-like masses affecting multiple organs and is easily mistaken for a malignant neoplasm. However, IgG4-RD affecting the appendix is extremely rare, with only seven cases reported previously.

Array-wide uniform PEDOT:PSS electroplating from potentiostatic deposition.

Electroplating of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is important in many neuroelectronic applications but is challenging to achieve uniformity on large-scale microelectrode arrays (MEA) using conventional galvanostatic methods. In this study, we address this challenge through a potentiostatic method and demonstrate highly uniform electroplating of PEDOT:PSS on MEA with more than one hundred electrodes, all at cellular sizes. The validation of this approach involves comparisons with galvanostatic deposition methods, showcasing unparalleled deposition yield and uniformity.

Improved Diagnostic Accuracy of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology with Artificial Intelligence Technology.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being applied in pathology and cytology, showing promising results. We collected a large dataset of whole slide images (WSIs) of thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA), incorporating z-stacking, from institutions across the nation to develop an AI model. We conducted a multicenter retrospective diagnostic accuracy study using thyroid FNA dataset from the Open AI Dataset Project that consists of digitalized images samples collected from 3 university hospitals and 215 Korean institutions through extensive quality check during the case selection, scanning, labeling, and reviewing process.

Aortic Angiosarcoma Manifesting as Multiple Musculoskeletal Metastases: A Case Report.

Aortic angiosarcomas are rare. Due to its rarity and metastatic presentation, it is difficult to diagnose metastatic aortic angiosarcoma. We describe the clinicopathological and radiologic features of a metastatic aortic angiosarcoma presenting as musculoskeletal metastases.

Poly (Adp-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) Is a Good Prognostic Marker for Pancreatic/Periampullary Cancers.

Background: Periampullary cancer (PAC) is highly aggressive with no effective adjuvant therapy or prognostic markers. Recently, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) has emerged as a target in solid cancers, and its relationship with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been observed. However, the relationship between PARP-1 and EMT in PAC has not explored well.

Artificial-Intelligence-Assisted Detection of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells in Ascitic Fluid.

Ascites cytology is a cost-effective test for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) in the abdominal cavity. However, metastatic carcinoma of the peritoneum is difficult to diagnose based on biopsy findings, and ascitic aspiration cytology has a low sensitivity and specificity and a high inter-observer variability. The aim of the present study was to apply artificial intelligence (AI) to classify benign and malignant cells in ascites cytology patch images of metastatic CRC using a deep convolutional neural network.

TRPM7 Mediates Neuropathic Pain by Activating mTOR Signaling in Astrocytes after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.

In this study, we investigated whether transient receptor melastatin 7 (TRPM7), known as a non-selective cation channel, inhibits neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) and how TRPM7 regulates neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain was developed 4 weeks after moderate contusive SCI and TRPM7 was markedly upregulated in astrocytes in the lamina I and II of L4-L5 dorsal horn. In addition, both mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were significantly alleviated by a TRPM7 inhibitor, carvacrol.

Two Cases of Lymph Node Metastasis Found in Differentiated, Small-Sized Gastric Adenocarcinomas: Did Tumor Budding Play a Critical Role?

Endoscopic resection (ER) is a minimally invasive therapeutic approach for early gastric cancer (EGC), particularly for cases with a low risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM). Tumor budding (TB) has gained attention as a potential prognostic indicator for LNM in EGC. We report two cases-a 73-year-old and an 81-year-old male patient-who presented with gastric adenocarcinoma.

IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 axis mediates neuropathic pain by regulating astrocyte and microglia activation after spinal cord injury.

After spinal cord injury (SCI), the control of activated glial cells such as microglia and astrocytes has emerged as a promising strategy for neuropathic pain management. However, signaling mechanism involved in glial activation in the process of neuropathic pain development and maintenance after SCI is not well elucidated. In this study, we investigated the potential role and mechanism of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway associated with glial cell activation in chronic neuropathic pain development and maintenance after SCI.

A Rare Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis on F-FDG PET/CT for Staging in a Patient with Common Bile Duct Cancer.

Distant metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma is most commonly diagnosed in the liver; however, it can also be found in the lungs, distant lymph nodes, bones, and brain. Distant lymph node metastasis outside the abdominal region without concurrent abdominal metastasis is exceedingly rare in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Herein, we present interesting F-FDG PET/CT images of a 49-year-old male patient with common bile duct cancer.

A Soft, High-Density Neuroelectronic Array.

Techniques to study brain activities have evolved dramatically, yet tremendous challenges remain in acquiring high-throughput electrophysiological recordings minimally invasively. Here, we develop an integrated neuroelectronic array that is filamentary, high-density and flexible. Specifically, with a design of single-transistor multiplexing and current sensing, the total 256 neuroelectrodes achieve only a 2.

TRPM7 Mediates BSCB Disruption After Spinal Cord Injury by Regulating the mTOR/JMJD3 Axis in Rats.

After spinal cord injury (SCI), secondary injuries including blood cells infiltration followed by the production of inflammatory mediators are led by blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) breakdown. Therefore, preventing BSCB damage could alleviate the secondary injury progresses after SCI. Recently, we reported that transient receptor potential melastatin 7 channel (TRPM7) expression is increased in vascular endothelial cells after injury and thereby mediates BSCB disruption.

Unusual Duodenal Ulcer: Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis.

Metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis (MUCP), a type of metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (MUTUC), is a rare malignancy, and some patients with MUCP present with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. MUCP in the gastrointestinal tract is even rarer. Herein, we report a 78-year-old man with MUCP that presented as a duodenal ulcer.

Uterine Cervical Angioleiomyoma Mimicking Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Angioleiomyoma, a rare variant of leiomyoma, is a benign tumor of mesenchymal origin. Angioleiomyomas of the female urogenital tract are extremely rare, with only six cases of uterine cervical angioleiomyoma previously reported in the literature. In this case study, we report on a 49-year-old female patient who presented with menorrhagia whose initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings suggested cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).