Stabilized carbon coating on microelectrodes for scalable and interoperable neurotransmitter sensing.

Real-time monitoring of neurotransmitters is essential in driving basic neuroscience understandings and creating treatments for various brain disorders. However, current neurotransmitter sensing devices are highly limited in their spatiotemporal resolution and ability to integrate with neuronal recording. Here, we introduce a unique carbon coating approach to achieve high-performance voltammetry electrodes with extraordinary scalability and interoperability.

Flexible electronic-photonic 3D integration from ultrathin polymer chiplets.

The integration of flexible electronics and photonics has the potential to create revolutionary technologies, yet it has been challenging to marry electronic and photonic components on a single polymer device, especially through high-volume manufacturing. Here, we present a robust, chiplet-level heterogeneous integration of polymer-based circuits (CHIP), where several post-fabricated, ultrathin, polymer electronic, and optoelectronic chiplets are vertically bonded into one single chip at room temperature and then shaped into application-specific form factors with monolithic Input/Output (I/O). As a demonstration, we applied this process and developed a flexible 3D-integrated optrode with high-density arrays of microelectrodes for electrical recording and micro light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) for optogenetic stimulation while with unprecedented integration of additional temperature sensors for bio-safe operations and shielding designs for optoelectronic artifact prevention.

Array-wide uniform PEDOT:PSS electroplating from potentiostatic deposition.

Electroplating of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is important in many neuroelectronic applications but is challenging to achieve uniformity on large-scale microelectrode arrays (MEA) using conventional galvanostatic methods. In this study, we address this challenge through a potentiostatic method and demonstrate highly uniform electroplating of PEDOT:PSS on MEA with more than one hundred electrodes, all at cellular sizes. The validation of this approach involves comparisons with galvanostatic deposition methods, showcasing unparalleled deposition yield and uniformity.

Design and Simulation of a Low Power 384-channel Actively Multiplexed Neural Interface.

Brain computer interfaces (BCIs) provide clinical benefits including partial restoration of lost motor control, vision, speech, and hearing. A fundamental limitation of existing BCIs is their inability to span several areas (> cm) of the cortex with fine (<100 μm) resolution. One challenge of scaling neural interfaces is output wiring and connector sizes as each channel must be independently routed out of the brain.