Atomic-scale 3D structural dynamics and functional degradation of Pt alloy nanocatalysts during the oxygen reduction reaction.

Pt-based electrocatalysts are the primary choice for fuel cells due to their superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. To enhance ORR performance and durability, extensive studies have investigated transition metal alloying, doping, and shape control to optimize the three key governing factors for ORR: geometry, local chemistry, and strain of their surface and subsurface. However, systematic optimization remains incomplete, as it requires an atomic-scale understanding of these factors and their dynamics over potential cycling, as well as their relationship to ORR activity.

High-coverage allele-resolved single-cell DNA methylation profiling reveals cell lineage, X-inactivation state, and replication dynamics.

DNA methylation patterns at crucial short sequence features, such as enhancers and promoters, may convey key information about cell lineage and state. The need for high-resolution single-cell DNA methylation profiling has therefore become increasingly apparent. Existing single-cell whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (scWGBS) studies have both methodological and analytical shortcomings.

Effect of JNU 534 Supplementation on the Performance, Blood Parameters and Meat Characteristics of Inoculated Broilers.

Salmonellosis in broilers is a disease with considerable economic implications for the poultry industry. As a foodborne illness, it also poses a public health risk due to potential cross-contamination. Probiotics have been proposed as alternative feed additives aiming to enhance growth, livestock productivity, and overall health.

()-Glucosciadopitysin, a New Biflavonoid Glycoside from the Leaves of and Osteogenic Activity of Bioflavonoids.

The leaves of have been used in treating freckles and effectively reducing cough and sputum in folk medicines. Recently, investigations into the correlation between ginkgo leaves and the proliferative activity of osteogenic differentiation have been conducted. However, bioactive compounds that enhance osteogenesis or exhibit osteoporosis prevention from have not been fully identified.

Dual-Modal Sensing Skin Adaptive to Daylight, Darkness, and Ultraviolet Light for Simultaneous Full-Field Deformation Measurement and Mechanoluminescence Responses.

Mechanoluminescence (ML) and digital image correlation (DIC) have emerged as promising optical methods to visualize and measure deformation fields. In this study, a dual-modal sensing skin, called the ML-DIC skin is introduced, that is capable of emitting ML and facilitating DIC measurements under various lighting conditions, including daylight, night or darkness, and UV irradiation. Four ML-DIC skins are fabricated with or without carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using a composite powder consisting of SrAl2O4: Eu,Dy (SAO), and acrylic resin, with CNT milling times of 48, 72, and 96 h for three of four skins, respectively.

The expression of PD-L1 on tumor-derived exosomes enhances infiltration and anti-tumor activity of αCD3 × αPD-L1 bispecific antibody-armed T cells.

Anti-cluster of differentiation (CD) 3 × α programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) bispecific T-cell engager (BsTE)-bound T-cells (BsTE:T) are a promising new cancer treatment agent. However, the mechanisms of action of bispecific antibody-armed activated T-cells are poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor mechanism and efficacy of BsTE:T.

EGCG-induced selective death of cancer cells through autophagy-dependent regulation of the p62-mediated antioxidant survival pathway.

The effects of EGCG on the selective death of cancer cells by modulating antioxidant pathways through autophagy were explored in various normal and cancer cells. EGCG positively regulated the p62-KEAP1-NRF2-HO-1 pathway in normal cells, while negatively regulating it in cancer cells, leading to selective apoptotic death of cancer cells. In EGCG-treated MRC5 cells (EGCG-MRC5), autophagic flux was blocked, which was accompanied by the formation of p62-positive aggregates.

Development of a Simple Direct and Hot-Start PCR Using -Expressing DNA Polymerase.

DNA polymerases have played an important role in molecular biology for several years and are frequently used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR); hence, there is an increasing interest in developing a convenient method for preparing DNA polymerase for routine use in laboratories. We developed a method using () that expresses thermostable DNA polymerase directly in the PCR without purification. The gene was transformed into and expressed.

Fluidic integrated 3D bioprinting system to sustain cell viability towards larynx fabrication.

Herein, we report the first study to create a three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted artificial larynx for whole-laryngeal replacement. Our 3D bio-printed larynx was generated using extrusion-based 3D bioprinter with rabbit's chondrocyte-laden gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)/glycidyl-methacrylated hyaluronic acid (GMHA) hybrid bioink. We used a polycaprolactone (PCL) outer framework incorporated with pores to achieve the structural strength of printed constructs, as well as to provide a suitable microenvironment to support printed cells.

Correction: Carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide nanocomposite support for improved activity and stability of an iridium catalyst toward the oxygen evolution reaction.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D2RA05027G.].

The Autophagy Protein CsATG8 is Involved in Asexual Development and Virulence in the Pepper Anthracnose Fungus .

Autophagy serves as a survival mechanism and plays important role in nutrient recycling under conditions of starvation, nutrient storage, ad differentiation of plant pathogenic fungi. However, autophagy-related genes have not been investigated in , a causal agent of pepper fruit anthracnose disease. is involved in autophagosome formation and is considered a marker of autophagy.

KPNA3 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating TGF-β and AKT signaling pathways in MDA-MB-231, a triple-negative breast cancer cell line.

Karyopherin-α3 (KPNA3), a karyopherin- α isoform, is intimately associated with metastatic progression via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the molecular mechanism underlying how KPNA3 acts as an EMT inducer remains to be elucidated. In this report, we identified that KPNA3 was significantly upregulated in cancer cells, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer, and its knockdown resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation and metastasis.

health monitoring of multiscale structures and its instantaneous verification using mechanoluminescence and dual machine learning.

Extensive changes in the legal, commercial and technical requirements in engineering fields have necessitated automated real-time structural health monitoring (SHM) and instantaneous verification. An integrated system with mechanoluminescence (ML) and dual artificial intelligence (AI) modules with subsidiary finite element method (FEM) simulation is designed for SHM and instantaneous verification. The ML module detects the exact position of a crack tip and evaluates the significance of existing cracks with a plastic stress-intensity factor (PSIF; ).

5-Fluorouracil-Immobilized Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Arrays on an Electrospun Bilayer Membrane as a Drug Patch.

The hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel array was employed for immobilization of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the electrospun bilayer (hydrophilic: polyurethane/pluronic F-127 and hydrophobic: polyurethane) membrane was used to support the HA hydrogel array as a patch. To visualize the drug propagating phenomenon into tissues, we experimentally investigated how FITC-BSA diffused into the tissue by applying hydrogel patches to porcine tissue samples. The diffusive phenomenon basically depends on the FITC-BSA diffusion coefficient in the hydrogel, and the degree of diffusion of FITC-BSA may be affected by the concentration of HA hydrogel, which demonstrates that the high density of HA hydrogel inhibits the diffusive FITC-BSA migration toward the low concentration region.

Carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide nanocomposite support for improved activity and stability of an iridium catalyst toward the oxygen evolution reaction.

In order to improve the electrocatalytic activity and stability of an iridium (Ir) nanoparticle catalyst toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic electrolyte, carbon nanotube and titanium dioxide nanocomposites (CNT@TiO) are presented as a high-performance support. TiO was synthesized on CNTs by using a novel layer-by-layer solution coating method that mimics atomic layer deposition (ALD) but is cost-effective and scalable. In the nanocomposites, CNTs serve as the electron pathways and the surface TiO layers protect CNTs from corrosion under the harsh OER conditions.

Gold nanostructure-integrated conductive microwell arrays for uniform cancer spheroid formation and electrochemical drug screening.

Cancer spheroids, which mimic distinct cell-to-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions of solid tumors in vitro, have emerged as a promising tumor model for drug screening. However, owing to the unique characteristics of spheroids composed of three-dimensionally densely-packed cells, the precise characterizations of cell viability and function with conventional colorimetric assays are challenging. Herein, we report gold nanostructure-integrated conductive microwell arrays (GONIMA) that enable both highly efficient uniform cancer spheroid formation and precise electrochemical detection of cell viability.

Microfluidic Electroceuticals Platform for Therapeutic Strategies of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells under Inflammatory Conditions.

The degeneration of an intervertebral disc (IVD) is a major cause of lower back pain. IVD degeneration is characterized by the abnormal expression of inflammatory cytokines and matrix degradation enzymes secreted by IVD cells. In addition, macrophage-mediated inflammation is strongly associated with IVD degeneration.

DNA methylation dynamics and dysregulation delineated by high-throughput profiling in the mouse.

We have developed a mouse DNA methylation array that contains 296,070 probes representing the diversity of mouse DNA methylation biology. We present a mouse methylation atlas as a rich reference resource of 1,239 DNA samples encompassing distinct tissues, strains, ages, sexes, and pathologies. We describe applications for comparative epigenomics, genomic imprinting, epigenetic inhibitors, patient-derived xenograft assessment, backcross tracing, and epigenetic clocks.

Effect of intramuscular midazolam premedication on patient satisfaction in women undergoing general anaesthesia: a randomised control trial.

Objective: To determine the effect of premedication with intramuscular midazolam on patient satisfaction in women undergoing general anaesthesia.

Trial Design, Setting And Participants: Double-blind, parallel randomised control trial at a tertiary care medical centre in South Korea. Initially, 140 women aged 20-65 years who underwent general anaesthesia and had an American Society of Anesthesiology physical status classification of I or II were randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group, and 134 patients (intervention n=65; control n=69) completed the study.

CsPOM1, a DYRK Family Kinase, Plays Diverse Roles in Fungal Development, Virulence, and Stress Tolerance in the Anthracnose Pathogen .

is the major anthracnose fungus of sweet pepper and chili pepper ( L.), causing significant losses in the yield and quality of the pepper fruits. Molecular mechanisms governing development and pathogenicity have been widely studied in many foliar fungal pathogens, but the information on fruit diseases is still limited.

Effectiveness and safety of bee venom pharmacopuncture for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review protocol.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the common autoimmune disease with low quality of life. The representative treatment is medication and medication usage has improved through update of clinical guidelines, however, there are still limitations. Bee venom (BV) has been reported to have meaningful therapeutic effects and the possibility of alternative options for RA through several types of studies, but there is no well-organised and recent published systematic review (SR).

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase CsPMK1 Is Essential for Pepper Fruit Anthracnose by .

The phytopathogenic fungus , belonging to the species complex, causes severe anthracnose disease on several fruits, including chili pepper (). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and pathogenicity of are unclear. The conserved Fus3/Kss1-related MAPK regulates fungal development and pathogenicity.

In Vitro and In Vivo Model for Sepsis Through Non-canonical NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.

Sepsis is a complex disorder related to dysregulation of the host response to infection and is a major health problem worldwide owing to its high mortality rates. However, the exact mechanisms causing sepsis remains unclear because of the complexity of the underlying pathways. Dysregulation of non-canonical NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation induces septic shock by promoting pyroptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine production (e.

Graphene-Based Materials for Efficient Neurogenesis.

Graphene, a two-dimensional plane-structured carbon allotrope, has outstanding properties. Owing to their unique features, graphene-based materials including graphene derivatives have recently emerged as an ideal material and been used in various fields. Especially, in terms of specific advantages of graphene including great electrical conductivity, high potential to conjugate with biomolecules, and applicability to three-dimensional structures, neurogenesis-based stem cell therapies using graphene-based materials have been reported to be a candidate of treatment for neurodegenerative disease (e.

Microfluidic Chip with Low Constant-Current Stimulation (LCCS) Platform: Human Nucleus Pulposus Degeneration In Vitro Model for Symptomatic Intervertebral Disc.

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major cause of low back pain (LBP) in the lumbar spine. This phenomenon is caused by several processes, including matrix degradation in IVD tissues, which is mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory responses, which can be mediated by interactions among immune cells, such as macrophages and IVD cells. In particular, interleukin (IL)-1 beta (β), which is a master regulator secreted by macrophages, mediates the inflammatory response in nucleus pulposus cells (NP) and plays a significant role in the development or progression of diseases.