No Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Urban Wildlife of Hokkaido, Japan.

Various domestic and wildlife species have been found susceptible to and infected with SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, around the globe, raising concerns about virus adaptation and transmission to new animal hosts. The virus circulation in the white-tailed deer population in North America has further called to action for virus surveillance in the wildlife. Here, we report on the first SARS-CoV-2 survey of wild animals in Japan, where frequent wildlife invasions of urban areas have occurred due to the limited predation, field abandonment, the increase of human acclimatization.

Effects of a combination of remifentanil and desflurane or sevoflurane on hemodynamic fluctuations during electrical stimulation of the mental nerve in rabbits.

We aimed to investigate the effects of desflurane (Des), sevoflurane (Sevo), and remifentanil (Remi) on the modulation of hemodynamic responses under 10-Hz electrical stimulation of the mental nerve in rabbits, which yields both hypertensive and hypotensive responses. Male Japan White rabbits (n=10, weight approximately 2.5 kg) were used.

Evaluating the vector potential of deer keds Lipoptena fortisetosa for selected pathogens in Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis).

Deer keds (Lipoptena fortisetosa) are hematophagous insects that parasitize various ungulates, including Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis). Although deer keds are potential vectors for several pathogens, their role in disease transmission in Japan remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of L.

Seasonal infestation patterns of ticks on Hokkaido sika deer ().

Ticks prefer specific feeding sites on a host that are influenced by host–tick and tick–tick interactions. This study focused on the spatiotemporal distribution of ticks in Hokkaido sika deer, an important tick host in Hokkaido, Japan. Tick sampling was performed on the sika deer in the Shiretoko National Park between June and October 2022.

Retrospective Study on the Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting and Hypotension During Orthognathic Surgery Using Propofol or Remimazolam.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of early (up to 2 h) and late (2-24 h) postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and hypotension in patients who underwent general anesthesia for orthognathic surgery using propofol or remimazolam along with remifentanil.

Methods: This retrospective chart review included healthy adult patients under the age of 60 who underwent orthognathic surgery using propofol (P group) or remimazolam (R group) from January 2021 to March 2022. Records were reviewed to gather PONV and intraoperative hypotension data as well as patient characteristics and other variables.

Controlling Th isomeric state population in a VUV transparent crystal.

The radioisotope thorium-229 (Th) is renowned for its extraordinarily low-energy, long-lived nuclear first-excited state. This isomeric state can be excited by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lasers and Th has been proposed as a reference transition for ultra-precise nuclear clocks. To assess the feasibility and performance of the nuclear clock concept, time-controlled excitation and depopulation of the Th isomer are imperative.

Anatomical external auricular muscle transposition with mini flap transfer for mild cryptotia: A case report.

Cryptotia is a congenital ear deformity characterized by the upper helix buried under the skin of the temporal region. Recurrence and inadequate correction of ear position are major complications following auricle reconstruction. Abnormalities of the auricular muscles are closely associated with cryptotia and considered to be the main cause.

Single-cell transcriptomics of human cholesteatoma identifies an activin A-producing osteoclastogenic fibroblast subset inducing bone destruction.

Cholesteatoma, which potentially results from tympanic membrane retraction, is characterized by intractable local bone erosion and subsequent hearing loss and brain abscess formation. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying bone destruction remain elusive. Here, we performed a single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on human cholesteatoma samples and identify a pathogenic fibroblast subset characterized by abundant expression of inhibin βA.

Involvement of α- and β-Adrenergic Receptors in Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow Changes During Hyper-/Hypocapnia in Anesthetized Rabbits.

Objective: This study investigated the involvement of α1- and β2-adrenergic receptors in skeletal muscle blood flow changes during variations in ETCO2.

Methods: Forty Japanese White rabbits anesthetized with isoflurane were randomly allocated to 1 of 5 groups: phentolamine, metaproterenol, phenylephrine, butoxamine, and atropine. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), common carotid artery blood flow (CCBF), masseter muscle tissue blood flow (MBF), and quadriceps muscle tissue blood flow (QBF) were recorded and analyzed at 3 periods: (1) baseline, (2) during hypercapnia (phentolamine and metaproterenol groups) or hypocapnia (phenylephrine, butoxamine, and atropine groups), and (3) during or after receiving vasoactive agents.

Tsugishige Kondo, The Father of Japanese Surgery: Exploring the History of Hideyo Noguchi's Hand Reconstruction With a Forearm Flap Before the Establishment of Plastic Surgery in Japan.

Hideyo Noguchi is one of the most famous scientists in Japan's history, and his portrait has adorned the ¥1,000 banknotes since 2004. He had a childhood burn injury resulting in severe hand scarring and contracture that plagued his early life and education.The resulting hand deformity required 3 separate reconstructions with the third and most complex surgery performed by Professor Tsugishige Kondo just before Noguchi's final medical doctor license examination in 1897.

Utility of carboxylated poly L-lysine for the liquid storage of bottlenose dolphin semen.

Assisted reproduction techniques are required to maintain a genetically diverse captive population of bottlenose dolphins. These techniques include semen preservation, and liquid storage has been proposed as a suitable alternative to cryopreservation, but the optimum conditions, in terms of temperature, duration, and media, have yet to be fully established. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the optimum temperature for the liquid storage of dolphin semen during a 14-day period and the usefulness of carboxylated poly-L-lysine (CPLL) as an additive to the semen extender used for the liquid storage.

Effects of cane use on walking parameters and lower limb muscle activity in adults with spastic cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study.

[Purpose] Adults with cerebral palsy often use a cane as a walking aid because of their decreased gait ability. However, it is unclear whether this affects lower limb muscle activity during walking. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of using a cane during walking on the spatio-temporal parameters of walking, lower limb muscle activity, and lower limb muscle coactivation in adults with spastic cerebral palsy.

Platform posturography of patients with peripheral vestibular dysfunction in the non-acute phase of vertigo.

Objective: Posturography (PG) shows various patterns corresponding to a patient's equilibrium condition; however, PG is not useful for the differential diagnosis of peripheral vestibular diseases (PVDs). The aim of this study was to identify parameters of PG that can distinguish between PVDs.

Methods: The differences in PG parameters between PVDs were evaluated retrospectively.

How perception of personal space influence obstacle avoidance during walking: differences between young and older adults.

Individuals maintain a spatial margin or 'personal space' between themselves and others. The form of this space and strategies for avoiding obstacles can be influenced by participant characteristics such as age. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of personal space and obstacle avoidance strategies in young and older adults.

Sphenopalatine artery surgery for refractory idiopathic epistaxis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Epistaxis, especially posterior epistaxis, is occasionally refractory to treatment. In these cases, sphenopalatine artery surgeries, including cauterization and ligation, are required. Previous reports have demonstrated treatment results for these procedures but failed to provide high-level evidence.

Relationship between the occurrence of falls by season and physical functions of community-dwelling old-old people living in cold, snowy areas.

Aim: To investigate the functional characteristics of older adults who experienced a fall in the winter season and other seasons.

Methods: Participants were 403 older adults enrolled in the project "Population-Based and Inspiring Potential Activity for Old-old Inhabitants," and were living in cold, snowy regions in Japan. They were aged ≥75 years, and 41.

Structural analysis of impact of physical, cognitive and social status on the incidence of disability in community-dwelling people aged ≥75 years.

Aim: The present study aimed to propose a structural model to explain the interaction of physical, cognitive and social domains of health status in the incidence of disability in community-dwelling people aged ≥75 years.

Methods: We analyzed 185 older adults (mean age 79.4 years, 58.

Platelet count and platelet-lymphocyte ratio as prognostic markers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Meta-analysis.

Background: Thrombocytosis is associated with the prognosis of various types of cancer. The purpose of this study was to quantify the prognostic impact of platelet count and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases and identified articles reporting an association between platelet count or PLR and HNSCC prognosis.

The effect of gait speed and gait phase to the allocation of attention during dual task gait.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the change of allocation of attention caused by a difference in gait phase and gait speed. We also determined the relationship between attentional demand and gait automaticity change caused by the gait speed alteration. [Subjects and Methods] Ten male participated.

Prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in head and neck cancer: A meta-analysis.

Background: Neutrophils play substantial roles in cancer progression. Previous reports demonstrated the prognostic impact of the pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in various types of solid cancers. The purpose of this study was to quantify the prognostic impact of NLR on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

A case of adult congenital laryngeal cleft asymptomatic until hypopharynx cancer treatment.

Laryngeal cleft is an anomaly of failed posterior closure of the larynx. Most cases are diagnosed and need treatment early in life due to respiratory and swallowing problems. We report an unusual case of a 66-year-old man with an asymptomatic laryngeal cleft until treatment for hypopharyngeal cancer.

Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index predicts prognosis of laryngopharyngeal cancer treated with radiation therapy.

Objectives: To examine the ability of comorbidity indices to predict the prognosis of laryngopharyngeal cancer and their association with treatment modalities.

Methods: This retrospective study included 198 patients with laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal cancers. The effect of comorbidity indices on overall survival between surgery and (chemo)-radiation therapy ((C)RT) groups was analyzed.

Surgery With or Without Postoperative Radiation Therapy for Early-stage External Auditory Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-analysis.

Objective: External auditory canal squamous cell carcinoma (EACSCC) is a rare disease with no standard treatment supported by high-level evidence. The aim of this study was to investigate EACSCC prognoses according to treatment modality and thus determine the optimal intervention for early-stage disease.

Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, and Ichushi-Web searches of the English and Japanese-language literature published between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2016 were performed using the key words "external auditory canal cancer" and "temporal bone cancer.

Development and validation of a new comorbidity index for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Japan.

Due to habitual drinking and smoking and advanced age at diagnosis, patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) frequently present with comorbidities. Several comorbidity indices have been developed and validated for HNSCC. However, none have become the standard method.