Case Report: Role of hypoglycemia in seizure aggravation in a case of focal epilepsy: revealing a missing link between diabetes and dementia.

Aim: While low-frequency electroencephalographic (EEG) activity increases during hypoglycemia, the relationship between hypoglycemia and changes in epileptic activities has not been fully investigated. Recently, the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society's EEG Terminology 2021 defined criteria for Brief Potentially Ictal Rhythmic Discharges (BIRDs) including rhythmic fast activities. We evaluated the association between hypoglycemia and BIRDs.

No Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Urban Wildlife of Hokkaido, Japan.

Various domestic and wildlife species have been found susceptible to and infected with SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, around the globe, raising concerns about virus adaptation and transmission to new animal hosts. The virus circulation in the white-tailed deer population in North America has further called to action for virus surveillance in the wildlife. Here, we report on the first SARS-CoV-2 survey of wild animals in Japan, where frequent wildlife invasions of urban areas have occurred due to the limited predation, field abandonment, the increase of human acclimatization.

Patterns of intestinal parasite prevalence in brown bears () revealed by a 3-year survey on the Shiretoko peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan.

This study examined the parasite fauna of wild brown bears and differences in the likelihood of parasite detection by season (summer vs autumn), year, and host factors (sex and age class). From June 2022 to November 2024, 334 fecal samples were collected from the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan, and examined for parasites using the centrifugal flotation technique. Fecal DNA analysis and data from a long-term field monitoring survey led to the identification of 49 individuals, which were further classified based on sex and age.

Evaluating the vector potential of deer keds Lipoptena fortisetosa for selected pathogens in Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis).

Deer keds (Lipoptena fortisetosa) are hematophagous insects that parasitize various ungulates, including Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis). Although deer keds are potential vectors for several pathogens, their role in disease transmission in Japan remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of L.

Seasonal infestation patterns of ticks on Hokkaido sika deer ().

Ticks prefer specific feeding sites on a host that are influenced by host–tick and tick–tick interactions. This study focused on the spatiotemporal distribution of ticks in Hokkaido sika deer, an important tick host in Hokkaido, Japan. Tick sampling was performed on the sika deer in the Shiretoko National Park between June and October 2022.

Age estimation based on blood DNA methylation levels in brown bears.

Age is an essential trait for understanding the ecology and management of wildlife. A conventional method of estimating age in wild animals is counting annuli formed in the cementum of teeth. This method has been used in bears despite some disadvantages, such as high invasiveness and the requirement for experienced observers.

Estimation of breeding population size using DNA-based pedigree reconstruction in brown bears.

Robust estimates of demographic parameters are critical for effective wildlife conservation and management but are difficult to obtain for elusive species. We estimated the breeding and adult population sizes, as well as the minimum population size, in a high-density brown bear population on the Shiretoko Peninsula, in Hokkaido, Japan, using DNA-based pedigree reconstruction. A total of 1288 individuals, collected in and around the Shiretoko Peninsula between 1998 and 2020, were genotyped at 21 microsatellite loci.

[Jejunal stromal tumor concomitant ectopic pancreas in a young man with sarcoidosis:a case report].

During a medical health check, a 29-year-old man was presented to our hospital with iron deficiency anemia. He had no significant medical history in his family. Despite being diagnosed with ocular sarcoidosis 5 years ago, he had no vision problems.

Dining from the coast to the summit: Salmon and pine nuts determine the summer body condition of female brown bears on the Shiretoko Peninsula.

Body condition in mammals fluctuates depending on energy intake and expenditure. For brown bears (), high-protein foods facilitate efficient mass gain, while lipids and carbohydrates play important roles in adjusting dietary protein content to optimal levels to maximize energy intake. On the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan, brown bears have seasonal access to high-lipid pine nuts and high-protein salmon.

Maternal human habituation enhances sons' risk of human-caused mortality in a large carnivore, brown bears.

Human habituation of large carnivores is becoming a serious problem that generates human-wildlife conflict, which often results in the removal of animals as nuisances. Although never tested, human habituation potentially reduces the fitness of adult females by reducing their offspring's survival as well as their own, due to an increased likelihood of human-caused mortality. Here, we tested this hypothesis in brown bears inhabiting Shiretoko National Park, Japan.

Molecular detection of apicomplexan protozoa in Hokkaido brown bears (Ursus arctos yesoensis) and Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus).

Many tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) are present in wildlife. The objective of this study is to reveal the role of wild bears in maintaining TBPs. A total of 49 brown bears (Ursus arctos yesoensis) from Hokkaido, and 18 Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) from Tochigi, and 66 Japanese black bears from Nagano were examined by two molecular methods, reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization, and nested PCR.

Development of a noninvasive photograph-based method for the evaluation of body condition in free-ranging brown bears.

Body condition is an important determinant of health, and its evaluation has practical applications for the conservation and management of mammals. We developed a noninvasive method that uses photographs to assess the body condition of free-ranging brown bears () in the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan. First, we weighed and measured 476 bears captured during 1998-2017 and calculated their body condition index (BCI) based on residuals from the regression of body mass against body length.

Incidence of Multiple Paternity and Inbreeding in High-Density Brown Bear Populations on the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan.

Understanding the breeding ecology of a species is essential for the appropriate conservation and management of wildlife. In brown bears, females occasionally copulate with multiple males in one breeding season, which may lead to multiple paternity in a single litter. In contrast, inbreeding, a potential factor in the reduction of genetic diversity, may occur, particularly in threatened populations.

Reproductive parameters and cub survival of brown bears in the Rusha area of the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan.

Knowing the reproductive characteristics of a species is essential for the appropriate conservation and management of wildlife. In this study, we investigated the demographic parameters, including age of primiparity, litter size, inter-birth interval, reproductive rate, and cub survival rate, of Hokkaido brown bears (Ursus arctos yesoensis) in the Rusha area on the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan, based on a long-term, individual-based monitoring survey. A total of 15 philopatric females were observed nearly every year from 2006 to 2016, and these observations were used to estimate reproductive parameters.

Advantages of high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging to diagnose pseudo-responses in patients with recurrent glioma after bevacizumab treatment.

Background: The diagnosis of pseudo-responses after bevacizumab treatment is difficult. Because diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is associated with cell density, it may facilitate the differentiation between true- and pseudo-responses. Furthermore, as high b-value DWI is even more sensitive to diffusion, it has been reported to be diagnostically useful in various clinical settings.

[Contrast enhanced fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery MR imaging for diagnosing cerebral venous angioma: report of two cases].

It has been reported that contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) sequences were useful for detecting superficial abnormalities, such as meningeal disease, because they do not demonstrate contrast enhancement of cortical vessels with slow flow as do T1-weighted images. We reported the usefulness of contrast-enhanced FLAIR images to differentiate cerebral venous angioma from tumor in two patients. Case 1 was a 71-year-old man developed cortical hemorrhage.

[Elimination of electrocardiogram artifacts from electroencephalogram records by using the simultaneously recorded electrocardiograph data].

We developed a simple method to eliminate electrocardiogram (ECG) artifacts from electroencephalogram (EEG) records by using simultaneously recorded ECG data. The raw EEG data, the real EEG data and the ECG data were regarded as multi-dimensional vectors Ea, Er and C, respectively. Also, the ECG data, with reduced amplitude whose coefficient was denoted as 'k', were assumed to be overlapped on the real EEG.