Relative Hypothermia and Gray Matter Atrophy in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Relative hypothermia is associated with tau accumulation. Furthermore, elucidating the association with changes in brain structure may be useful for the early detection and prevention of dementia. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between relative hypothermia and brain volume, especially gray matter and white matter, and to determine the cutoff point of relative hypothermia associated with brain structure.

Lifestyle activities to protect against depressive symptoms after driving cessation among older adults: A longitudinal study.

Aim: To investigate whether lifestyle activities reduce the risk of depressive symptoms among older adults who have ceased driving.

Methods: This longitudinal, community-based study included 1654 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years, excluding individuals with baseline depressive symptoms or without driver's licenses. Participants recruited from Takahama City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, between September 2015 and February 2019 were categorized into driving and driving-cessation groups at baseline.

Early Detection and Remote Care of Frailty for Older Adults Living in Sparsely Populated Rural Areas in Hokkaido, Japan: A Case Study.

The global increase in the number of older people aged 65 and over is causing concern in healthcare and social systems. The lack of health and welfare services and human resources may delay the assessment of frailty and other geriatric syndromes. However, the participation in community-led frailty check-ups remains low, and there are limitations in providing a preventive home visit approach to all residents.

Cognitive activity levels associated with dementia risk in older adults with social frailty: A longitudinal study.

Objectives: This study investigated the association between the level of engagement in cognitive activities and the risk of incident dementia among community-dwelling older adults with social frailty.

Study Design: This prospective cohort study included 2725 adults aged 60 or more without dementia at baseline.

Main Outcome Measures: Social frailty was based on five items: living alone, going out less frequently than in the previous year, not visiting friends, not feeling useful to family and friends, and not conversing with someone every day.

Prediction of dementia risk by instrumental activities of daily living limitations and its impact on dementia onset in combination with mild cognitive impairment: a population-based longitudinal study.

Background: Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) limitations are important risk factors for dementia. IADL is lifestyle-based, therefore, its assessment content must be updated to reflect recent lifestyle changes. We evaluated the predictive validity of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Activities of Daily Living (NCGG-ADL), an IADL scale we previously developed, to identify dementia risk and the combined impact of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and IADL limitations on dementia onset.

Linear Association between Frailty as Assessed by the Kihon Checklist and Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study.

Background: The need for support focused on frailty and quality of life (QoL) in older adults is increasing. The Kihon Checklist (KCL) is a comprehensive and easy-to-use tool to assess frailty in older adults. Previous studies have shown associations between frailty and QoL; however, few studies have investigated the association between frailty using the KCL and QoL.

Wakefulness after sleep offset and the elevated risk of mortality in older adults with evening preferences: A community-based 5-year longitudinal study.

Background And Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between wakefulness after sleep offset timing (WASF), evening chronotype preferences, and mortality risk in community-dwelling older adults.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a community-based longitudinal study with a sample of 4167 older adults aged ≥60. The sleep characteristics, WASF, subjective chronotype preferences, and other relevant variables of the participants at baseline were evaluated.

Association Between Occupational Participation and Quality of Life in Japanese Older Adults.

Positive associations between occupational participation and quality of life (QoL) are known in various populations, but there are few reports in older adults in Japan. To quantify the association between occupational participation in meaningful occupations and QoL among Japanese community-dwelling older adults. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 626 older adults.

Association Between the Use of Information and Communication Technology Tools and Each Domain of Cognitive Function Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: This study aimed to determine the association between the use of information and communication technology (ICT) tools, such as mobile voice calling, e-mail, and video calling, and cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: For the 220 included participants aged ≥65 years, baseline surveys conducted from 2017 to 2018 assessed demographics. Additionally, cognitive function domains were evaluated using the Word List Memory Task, Trail Making Test, and Symbol Digit Substitution Task on a tablet PC.

A New Computer-Based Cognitive Measure for Early Detection of Dementia Risk (Japan Cognitive Function Test): Validation Study.

Background: The emergence of disease-modifying treatment options for Alzheimer disease is creating a paradigm shift in strategies to identify patients with mild symptoms in primary care settings. Systematic reviews on digital cognitive tests reported that most showed diagnostic performance comparable with that of paper-and-pencil tests for mild cognitive impairment and dementia. However, most studies have small sample sizes, with fewer than 100 individuals, and are based on case-control or cross-sectional designs.

Association between Relative Hypothermia and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between relative hypothermia measured by a wearable device and cognitive function, and to clarify whether relative hypothermia is a useful indicator for preventing poor cognitive function.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting And Participants: The study included 103 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 to 90 years.

Association of chronic low back pain and knee pain with subjective fatigue incidence among community-dwelling older adults: A prospective cohort study.

Aim: Fatigue is a common health problem in older adults. Chronic pain is associated with fatigue. However, the longitudinal association between chronic pain and the incidence of subjective fatigue among community-dwelling older adults remains unclear.

Combined effects of social isolation and loneliness on disability incidence in older adults.

Objectives: Relationships among social isolation, loneliness, and disability onset remain unclear. We investigated the distinct patterns of disability development among Japanese older adults who experience social isolation and loneliness.

Design: This study applied a prospective observational approach.

Physical inactivity, depressive symptoms, and progression to sarcopenia in older adults: a 4-year longitudinal study.

Objectives: To examine the combined association of physical inactivity and depressive symptoms with the progression to sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.

Design: A 4-year follow-up longitudinal study.

Setting: Community-dwelling older adults living in Japan, who were not sarcopenic at baseline.

Relationship between self-rated health, physical frailty, and incidence of disability among Japanese community-dwelling older adults: A longitudinal prospective cohort study.

Objective: Poor self-rated health (SRH) and physical frailty are both significant predictors of disability in older adults, but their joint association on health outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship between SRH, physical frailty, and incidence of disability among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This longitudinal cohort study included 2838 older adults aged 65 years or older (mean age, 73.

Chronic low back pain and decreased physical activity are associated with social frailty incidence among community-dwelling older adults.

Aim: Nearly half of older adults with frailty experience chronic pain. Chronic pain contributes to activity restrictions. Decreased physical activity with chronic pain is associated not only with physical dysfunction but also with reduced engagement in social activities.

Examination of Gait Characteristics Related to Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Study Focusing on Plantar Pressure.

Background: Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength with age, which results in a lower gait speed. Decreased gait speed in older individuals with sarcopenia can lead to adverse events such as falls and mortality. It is a major health issue; several studies have investigated gait speed in sarcopenia.

Associations between Japanese calligraphy practice and sleep quality in community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional Study.

Background: Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, are common among the elderly population and have been associated with negative health outcomes. Japanese calligraphy is a traditional art practice previously associated with various health benefits, such as stress reduction and improved cognitive function; however, its association with sleep quality has not been fully explored.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 21,207 subjects with basic attributes, health status, depressive symptoms, artistic practices, and sleep habits.

Detection of neurophysiological markers of cognitive reserve: an EEG study.

Background And Objectives: Cognitive reserve (CR) is a property of the brain that allows for better-than-expected cognitive performance relative to the degree of brain change over the course of life. However, neurophysiological markers of CR remain under-investigated. Electroencephalography (EEG) features may function as suitable neurophysiological markers of CR.

Diversity in productive activities enhances life satisfaction among Japanese community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study.

Few studies have reported an association between diversity in productive activities and life satisfaction; hence, this cross-sectional study conducted in Japan aimed to clarify this association. We assessed the life satisfaction of 4,498 Japanese community-dwelling older adults engaged in productive activities (e.g.

Association between Hearing Aid Use and Cognitive Function in Persons with Hearing Impairment Stratified by Cardiovascular Risk.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of the association between hearing aid use and cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults with hearing impairment, stratified by cardiovascular risk level. This cross-sectional study covers 1857 hearing-impaired individuals selected among 10,674 community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years of age) in Japan. We investigate the association between hearing aid use and cognitive decline stratified by cardiovascular risk level, by assessing self-reported hearing impairment and hearing aid use, absolute cardiovascular risk, cognitive function, and potential confounding factors.

Elevated Risk of Dementia Diagnosis in Older Adults with Low Frequencies and Durations of Social Conversation.

Background: Social networks and social participation have protective effects on cognitive function maintenance and Alzheimer's disease and general dementia development.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between conversations and dementia incidence in older adults.

Methods: This longitudinal prospective cohort study used population data from the National Center for Geriatric and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromes (NCGG-SGS) from September 2015 to February 2017.

Impacts of Negative and Positive Life Events on Development of Social Frailty among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the impact of negative and positive life events on the development of social frailty.

Design: Population-based longitudinal study.

Setting And Participants: This study was set in the Japanese community cohort and included 2174 adults aged ≥65 years without social frailty at baseline.

Association between the perceived value of adopting new behaviors and depressive symptoms among older adults.

Early preventive measures against depression have become important with unprecedented global aging. Increase in one's perceived value (PV) may correspond to better mental health outcomes. This cross-sectional observation study aimed to clarify whether the PV of adopting new behaviors is associated with depressive symptoms.