Impact of kidney function and leisure activities on disability risk among community-dwelling older adults.

Background: Impaired kidney function has been shown to be associated with both leisure activity participation and disability incidence. However, whether kidney function could influence the association between leisure activity and disability incidence in older adults remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to examine the influence of kidney function on the association between leisure activities and incident disability among community-dwelling older adults.

Association of diabetes mellitus and social isolation with loneliness among older Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To clarify whether the combination of diabetes mellitus (DM) and social isolation is associated with loneliness among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: Data of community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and older without initial long-term care needs from the Japanese National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndromes were analyzed. Loneliness was measured using the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale.

Examining the combined effects of social isolation and oral dysfunction on cognitive decline in community-dwelling older Japanese adults.

Aim: This research examines the relationship between cognitive decline and the combined factors of social isolation and oral dysfunction among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: The participants of this cross-sectional study were community-dwelling older adults. Oral dysfunction (OD) was assessed using the Kihon checklist.

Cognitive activity levels associated with dementia risk in older adults with social frailty: A longitudinal study.

Objectives: This study investigated the association between the level of engagement in cognitive activities and the risk of incident dementia among community-dwelling older adults with social frailty.

Study Design: This prospective cohort study included 2725 adults aged 60 or more without dementia at baseline.

Main Outcome Measures: Social frailty was based on five items: living alone, going out less frequently than in the previous year, not visiting friends, not feeling useful to family and friends, and not conversing with someone every day.

Prediction of dementia risk by instrumental activities of daily living limitations and its impact on dementia onset in combination with mild cognitive impairment: a population-based longitudinal study.

Background: Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) limitations are important risk factors for dementia. IADL is lifestyle-based, therefore, its assessment content must be updated to reflect recent lifestyle changes. We evaluated the predictive validity of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Activities of Daily Living (NCGG-ADL), an IADL scale we previously developed, to identify dementia risk and the combined impact of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and IADL limitations on dementia onset.

Sex differences in the relationship between exercise habits and loneliness among older adults: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Although loneliness has been associated with reduced physical activity, the association between exercise habits and loneliness remains unclear.

Methods: This study examined whether exercise habits are associated with loneliness among older adults by sex. This study included 10 152 individuals.

A New Computer-Based Cognitive Measure for Early Detection of Dementia Risk (Japan Cognitive Function Test): Validation Study.

Background: The emergence of disease-modifying treatment options for Alzheimer disease is creating a paradigm shift in strategies to identify patients with mild symptoms in primary care settings. Systematic reviews on digital cognitive tests reported that most showed diagnostic performance comparable with that of paper-and-pencil tests for mild cognitive impairment and dementia. However, most studies have small sample sizes, with fewer than 100 individuals, and are based on case-control or cross-sectional designs.

Combined effects of social isolation and loneliness on disability incidence in older adults.

Objectives: Relationships among social isolation, loneliness, and disability onset remain unclear. We investigated the distinct patterns of disability development among Japanese older adults who experience social isolation and loneliness.

Design: This study applied a prospective observational approach.

Effect of high health literacy and the frequency of social activities on preventing disability.

Objective: This longitudinal study aimed to identify the impact of high health literacy (HL) and participation in more social activities (SA) on preventing the risk of disability among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: Participants were 3,486 community-dwelling older adults who underwent functional health examinations. Participants were classified into four groups based on High (Low) HL and High (Low) SA.

Combined Self-Reported and Device-Measured Physical Activity Assessment and Disability Incidence in Older Adults.

Objectives: To clarify the relationship between self-reported and device-measured physical activity (PA) and disability incidences in community-dwelling older adults.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: In total, 4504 (median age 75 [range, 72-79] years; women, 52.

Dose-Response Relationships of Daily Steps with Disability Incidence and All-Cause Mortality Stratified by Age and Physical Frailty.

Objectives: To examine the optimal range of steps for an individual based on the dose-response relationship of the number of steps taken with disability incidence and all-cause mortality stratified by age and physical frailty.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: 8664 community-dwelling older adults.

Association between willingness to exercise and incident disability in older adults: a prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Purpose: To investigate whether the willingness to exercise (WTE) and exercise habits affect the incidence of disability among older adults.

Methods: This study included 8,354 individuals (72.5 ± 6.

Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of Multiple Frailty Domain in Japanese Older Adults.

Objectives: In this observational study, we aimed to evaluate the independent and overlapping effects of multiple frailty domains on long-term care insurance (LTCI) use.

Design: Population-based cohort design.

Setting And Participants: In total, 9804 community-dwelling older adults were recruited from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromes.

Validation of the Optimal University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale Cutoff Score in Screening for the Prevention of Disability Occurrence Among Older Japanese Adults.

Objectives: The association between loneliness and disability is a growing public health priority. While the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS) has been internationally used as an indicator for assessing loneliness, its optimal cutoff point in relation to disability occurrence has not yet been examined. Therefore, we aimed to determine the optimal cutoff point of the UCLA-LS regarding future disability.

Detection of neurophysiological markers of cognitive reserve: an EEG study.

Background And Objectives: Cognitive reserve (CR) is a property of the brain that allows for better-than-expected cognitive performance relative to the degree of brain change over the course of life. However, neurophysiological markers of CR remain under-investigated. Electroencephalography (EEG) features may function as suitable neurophysiological markers of CR.

Association between social isolation and diversity in food intake by gender in community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: Few studies have investigated the relationship between low dietary variety and clearly defined social isolation by gender. This study explored the association between dietary variety and social isolation, classified by operational definition, separately by gender in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited respondents via mail.

Association between the level of social participation and depressive symptoms among older Japanese adults: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Social participation is recommended for older adults to remain actively involved in daily life. Social participation is a broad concept, ranging from 'interacting with others without doing a specific activity with them' to 'actively contributing to society.' However, previous studies have not taken into account the components of social participation.

Combined effects of loneliness and diabetes mellitus on disability incidence among older Japanese adults.

Background: Developed countries worldwide face the challenge of aging populations in which loneliness is problematic, leading to mental and physical health issues. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can cause decreased physical activity, reduced functioning, and depressive symptoms. However, how interactions between loneliness and DM influence health outcomes remains unclear.

Diversity in productive activities enhances life satisfaction among Japanese community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study.

Few studies have reported an association between diversity in productive activities and life satisfaction; hence, this cross-sectional study conducted in Japan aimed to clarify this association. We assessed the life satisfaction of 4,498 Japanese community-dwelling older adults engaged in productive activities (e.g.

Association between Hearing Aid Use and Cognitive Function in Persons with Hearing Impairment Stratified by Cardiovascular Risk.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of the association between hearing aid use and cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults with hearing impairment, stratified by cardiovascular risk level. This cross-sectional study covers 1857 hearing-impaired individuals selected among 10,674 community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years of age) in Japan. We investigate the association between hearing aid use and cognitive decline stratified by cardiovascular risk level, by assessing self-reported hearing impairment and hearing aid use, absolute cardiovascular risk, cognitive function, and potential confounding factors.

Risk of dementia with hearing impairment and social isolation.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine whether the concomitance of hearing impairment and isolation with lack of conversation, which is considered self-evident but has not been investigated extensively, is associated with the occurrence of dementia.

Methods: A total of 2745 participants were divided into four groups according to the presence/absence of hearing impairment and isolation with lack of conversation. The association of dementia with hearing impairment and isolation with lack of conversation was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Elevated Risk of Dementia Diagnosis in Older Adults with Low Frequencies and Durations of Social Conversation.

Background: Social networks and social participation have protective effects on cognitive function maintenance and Alzheimer's disease and general dementia development.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between conversations and dementia incidence in older adults.

Methods: This longitudinal prospective cohort study used population data from the National Center for Geriatric and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromes (NCGG-SGS) from September 2015 to February 2017.

Development of a weighted scoring model for social activities to predict disability incidents among older Japanese adults.

Background: Social activities contribute to health improvements in older adults, but methods for evaluating these activities are not yet established. We developed a scoring model for social activity, weighted by specific activities, to assess the association between disability incidence in older adults and social activities.

Methods: Data were obtained from Japan's National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndromes (NCGG-SGS).

Association between the perceived value of adopting new behaviors and depressive symptoms among older adults.

Early preventive measures against depression have become important with unprecedented global aging. Increase in one's perceived value (PV) may correspond to better mental health outcomes. This cross-sectional observation study aimed to clarify whether the PV of adopting new behaviors is associated with depressive symptoms.