The translocator protein ligand Ro5-4864 inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in mice.

The translocator protein (TSPO) is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein that is constitutively expressed in various immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells. TSPO has been implicated in mitochondrial function and immune regulation, particularly in macrophages, which are also osteoclast precursors. However, its role in osteoclast differentiation remains unclear.

Effects of a combination of remifentanil and desflurane or sevoflurane on hemodynamic fluctuations during electrical stimulation of the mental nerve in rabbits.

We aimed to investigate the effects of desflurane (Des), sevoflurane (Sevo), and remifentanil (Remi) on the modulation of hemodynamic responses under 10-Hz electrical stimulation of the mental nerve in rabbits, which yields both hypertensive and hypotensive responses. Male Japan White rabbits (n=10, weight approximately 2.5 kg) were used.

Successful Treatment of a Rapidly Enlarging Mandibular Aneurysmal Bone Cyst With Sclerotherapy and Intralesional Curettage.

An aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign bone lesion primarily found in the metaphysis of long bones or spine, with rare occurrences in the head and neck region. We report the case of a 17-year-old female patient with a rapidly enlarging mandibular ABC. Initial imaging and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of ABC, revealing a blood-filled lesion with multinucleated giant cells and no solid components.

Impact of skeletal muscle mass on postoperative complications in oral cancer surgery.

Background: Sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the impact of skeletal muscle mass on adverse events in free-flap reconstruction for defects after oral cancer resection.

Results: Of 120 patients, recipient-site adverse events occurred in 56 patients (46.

Usefulness of lateral cephalometric radiography for successful blind nasal intubation: a prospective study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pharyngeal morphology and the success or failure of blind nasotracheal intubation using standard lateral cephalometric radiography and to analyze the measurement items affecting the difficulty of blind nasotracheal intubation.

Methods: Assuming a line perpendicular to the Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane, the reference point (O) was selected 1 cm above the posterior-most end of the hard palate. A line passing through the reference point and parallel to the FH plane is defined as the X-axis, and a line passing through the reference point and perpendicular to the X-axis is defined as the Y-axis.

Latent changes in the pharyngeal stage of swallowing in non-aspirating older adults.

Purpose: The characteristic changes in the swallowing mechanism with aging are collectively termed presbyphagia. Although several studies have investigated presbyphagia in older adults, few have assessed oldest-old adults. We aimed to characterize the latent changes of swallowing function in oldest-old adults and to consider risk ages for presbyphagia.

Effects of Local Anesthetics With Vasoconstrictors on Dental Pulp Blood Flow and Oxygen Tension.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in pulpal blood flow (PBF) and pulpal oxygen tension (PpulpO2) after injecting local anesthetics with vasoconstrictors.

Methods: Under general anesthesia, male Japanese White rabbits were injected with 0.6 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine (LE) or 3% propitocaine (prilocaine) with 0.

Effects of changes in end-tidal carbon dioxide tension on oral tissue blood flow and tissue oxygen tension during remifentanil infusion in rabbits.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (ETCO) changes during remifentanil infusion on mandibular bone marrow tissue blood flow (BBF), masseter muscle tissue blood flow (MBF), mandibular bone marrow tissue oxygen tension (PbO) and masseter muscle tissue oxygen tension (PmO) in rabbits.

Methods: Ten male tracheotomized Japan White rabbits were anesthetized and ventilated with sevoflurane. ETCO was adjusted to 30 mmHg.

Temporal muscle thickness is associated with the severity of dysphagia in patients with acute stroke.

Background: Post-stroke dysphagia is a common and expensive complication of acute stroke. The relationship between dysphagia and skeletal muscle loss (sarcopenia) has been recently highlighted. This study aimed to determine the relationship between temporal muscle thickness (TMT) measured by head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dysphagia in patients with acute stroke.

Effects of Remifentanil on Cardiovascular Stimulation Caused by Local Anesthetic With Epinephrine: A Power Spectral Analysis.

The objectives of this research were to investigate (a) what was the most effective infusion rate of remifentanil and (b) the degree to which sympathomimetic effects were involved with cardiovascular stimulation by using a power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). A total of 63 healthy individuals scheduled for sagittal split ramus osteotomy were enrolled and randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups: remifentanil infusion rate of 0.1, 0.

Remifentanil infusion during desflurane anesthesia reduces tissue blood flow while maintaining blood pressure and tissue oxygen tension in the masseter muscle and mandibular bone marrow.

The aim of this study was to compare changes in tissue blood flow and tissue oxygen tension in the masseter muscle and mandibular bone marrow induced by remifentanil under desflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia. Eleven male tracheotomized Japan White rabbits were anesthetized with desflurane or sevoflurane under mechanical ventilation. The order of the inhalation of desflurane or sevoflurane was randomized.

Effects of Stellate Ganglion Blockade on Muscle Blood Flow During Hypercapnia.

This study investigated the effects of a unilateral stellate ganglion block (SGB) on ipsilateral and contralateral masseter muscle blood flow during permissive hypercapnia. Eight male Japanese white rabbits were anesthetized with isoflurane. Observed variables included heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), left common carotid artery blood flow (LCBF), left and right masseter muscle tissue blood flow (LMBF and RMBF), and left femoral quadriceps muscle tissue blood flow (LQBF).

Endovascular coil embolization of proximal middle cerebral artery aneurysms has better outcomes than other middle cerebral artery aneurysms: A retrospective study.

Purpose: Although some authors proposed that coil embolization in middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms is a useful and effective alternative, the characteristics of the aneurysms may be different at each location. We compared the results of coil embolization of proximal middle cerebral artery aneurysms with those of other middle cerebral artery aneurysms.

Methods: Data from 46 patients with 50 aneurysms were retrospectively evaluated.

Flow-Diverter Stent for an Unruptured Aneurysm at the Junction of the Internal Carotid Artery and Persistent Primitive Trigeminal Artery: Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA), which is a fetal carotid-basilar anastomosis, is the most common embryologic vascular remnant persisting in adults. Aneurysms can arise between the internal carotid artery (ICA) and PPTA. Here we present a case of ICA-PPTA aneurysm treated with a flow-diverter stent.

Decreases in Oral Tissue Blood Flow Induced by Remifentanil Are Not Accompanied by Deterioration of Oral Tissue Oxygen Tension in Rabbits.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of remifentanil infusion on tissue blood flow and tissue oxygen tension in the mandibular bone marrow and masseter muscle in rabbits. In addition, changes in tissue oxygen consumption in those tissues during remifentanil infusion were investigated.

Materials And Methods: Sixteen male tracheotomized Japanese White rabbits were anesthetized with sevoflurane under mechanical ventilation.

Remifentanil decreases oral tissue blood flow while maintaining internal carotid artery blood flow during sevoflurane anesthesia in rabbits.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of remifentanil infusion on oral tissue blood flow including submandibular gland tissue blood flow (SBF) and internal carotid artery blood flow (ICBF) in rabbits during sevoflurane anesthesia. Twelve male Japan White rabbits were anesthetized with sevoflurane and remifentanil. Remifentanil was infused at 0.

Muscle power during intravenous sedation.

Intravenous sedation is effective to reduce fear and anxiety in dental treatment. It also has been used for behavior modification technique in dental patients with special needs. Midazolam and propofol are commonly used for intravenous sedation.

Comparison of Changes in Respiratory Dynamics Immediately After the Start of Propofol Sedation With or Without Midazolam.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare changes in respiratory dynamics starting immediately after administration of propofol alone or a combination of propofol and midazolam.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-seven healthy adult volunteers participated in a randomized crossover study of undergoing sedation with propofol alone (P group) or with a combination of propofol and midazolam (PM group). In the P group, continuous infusion of propofol through a target-controlled infusion (TCI) pump was started with the target effect site (ES) concentration set at 1.

Effect of Topical Anesthesia Using an Adhesive Patch and Anesthetic Solution.

We analyzed trigeminal somatosensory evoked potentials (TSEP) to the alveolar mucosa to investigate the efficacy of an amide local anesthetic, 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with 12.5 μg/mL epinephrine (Lido treatment) as a topical anesthetic. Eighteen consenting healthy adult volunteers were enrolled.

Remifentanil Reduces Blood Loss During Orthognathic Surgery.

Remifentanil is reported to reduce oral tissue blood flow. We performed a retrospective investigation using logistic regression analysis of anesthesia records to investigate whether the use of remifentanil infusion in a balanced anesthesia technique was useful as a primary technique to reduce blood loss during orthognathic surgery. Subjects were 80 patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible.

Inhalation of 50% Oxygen Does Not Impair Respiratory Depression During Midazolam Sedation.

Purpose: To investigate how inhalation of 50% oxygen during intravenous midazolam sedation affects respiratory variables and thus the availability of oxygen.

Materials And Methods: Study subjects were 21 healthy adult volunteers (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I). They were allocated to undergo midazolam sedation during high-concentration oxygen inhalation (group H) or during normal air inhalation (group N) in a single-blinded randomized crossover design, with an interval of at least 3 days between the 2 sedation sessions.

Comparison of the Effect of Electrical Stimulations on the Chin Skin on Autonomic Nervous Activities During Propofol Sedation With or Without Midazolam.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of electrical stimulations on the chin skin on autonomic nervous activities evaluated by use of power spectrum analysis of heart rate (HR) variability during intravenous sedation using propofol with or without midazolam.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-eight healthy adult male volunteers underwent intravenous sedation with midazolam and propofol (group MP) and with propofol alone (group P) in a randomized crossover manner. In group MP, the participants received midazolam (0.

Effect of Cuff Pressure Elevation on Internal Diameter of Tracheal Tube in Simulated Trachea.

Application of nitrous oxide during anesthesia causes an increase in tracheal tube cuff pressure over time. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an increase in cuff pressure on 3 types of tube (the Portex, Mallinckrodt, and Parker) commonly used for nasotracheal intubation. A cylindrical vessel was used to simulate a trachea.

Tissue Blood Flow During Remifentanil Infusion With Carbon Dioxide Loading.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of changes in end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (ETCO2) during remifentanil (Remi) infusion on oral tissue blood flow in rabbits. Eight male tracheotomized Japan White rabbits were anesthetized with sevoflurane under mechanical ventilation. The infusion rate of Remi was 0.

Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on Oral Tissue Blood Flow in Rabbits: A Comparison Among Isoflurane, Sevoflurane, and Desflurane.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the concentration-dependent effects of isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane on oral tissue blood flow.

Materials And Methods: Thirty male Japan White rabbits were randomized to receive 1 of 3 volatile anesthetics: isoflurane (group Iso), sevoflurane (group Sevo), or desflurane (group Des). The end-tidal concentration of each volatile anesthetic was regulated to 0.