Phenological Stage and Nitrogen Input Coordinately Regulate Bud Bank Dynamics and Shoot Allocation in an Alpine Clonal Perennial Grass.

Belowground buds play a vital role in the clonal propagation and structural regulation of perennial herbaceous plants, especially in alpine environments, where vegetative renewal depends heavily on bud bank dynamics. However, the interactive effects of nitrogen addition and phenological stages on bud development and aboveground branching remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the responses of rhizome buds, tiller buds, and aboveground tiller types of Kentucky bluegrass to six nitrogen levels (0, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 g/m) across five growth stages on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Multi-robot cooperative autonomous exploration via task allocation in terrestrial environments.

Cooperative autonomous exploration is a challenging task for multi-robot systems, which can cover larger areas in a shorter time or path length. Using multiple mobile robots for cooperative exploration of unknown environments can be more efficient than a single robot, but there are also many difficulties in multi-robot cooperative autonomous exploration. The key to successful multi-robot cooperative autonomous exploration is effective coordination between the robots.

Predicting bioconcentration factor and estrogen receptor bioactivity of bisphenol a and its analogues in adult zebrafish by directed message passing neural networks.

The bioconcentration factor (BCF) is a key parameter for bioavailability assessment of environmental pollutants in regulatory frameworks. The comparative toxicology and mechanism of action of congeners are also of concern. However, there are limitations to acquire them by conducting field and laboratory experiments while machinelearning is emerging as a promising predictive tool to fill the gap.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Leyss.

Leyss 1761 is a perennial herb with large yield and famous for its high nutritional value and long utilization season. The study of chloroplast (cp) genome provides an important basis for the study of chloroplast genetic engineering and system evolution. Its cp genome was 137,153 bp in length, containing a pair of inverted repeated (IR) regions (21,699 bp), separated by a large single copy region (LSC) of 81,137 bp, and a small single copy (SSC) region of 12,618 bp.

Going with the Flow: The Neural Mechanisms Underlying Illusions of Complex-Flow Motion.

Studying the mismatch between perception and reality helps us better understand the constructive nature of the visual brain. The Pinna-Brelstaff motion illusion is a compelling example illustrating how a complex moving pattern can generate an illusory motion perception. When an observer moves toward (expansion) or away (contraction) from the Pinna-Brelstaff figure, the figure appears to rotate.

Biotransformation and bioconcentration of 6:2 and 8:2 polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diesters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio): Underestimated ecological risks.

Polyfluoroalkyl phosphates esters (PAPs) are widely used in a variety of commercial products, and have been detected in many aquatic organisms. In this study, common carps (Cyprinus carpio) were administered with 6:2 and 8:2 diPAP in water to investigate their bio-accumulation and transformation in fish. Several degradation products, including fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylic acids (6:2 and 8:2 FTUCA), 5:3 and 7:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acids (5:3 and 7:3 FTCA), perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) were identified in the carp liver.

Effect of tributyltin on the food intake and brain neuropeptide expression in rats.

Introduction: Tributyltin (TBT) is a largely diffused environmental pollutant. Several studies have demonstrated that TBT is involved in the development of obesity. However, few studies addressing the effects of TBT on the brain neuropeptides involved in appetite and body weight homeostasis have been published.