Arbutin ameliorated depression by inhibiting neuroinflammation and modulating intestinal flora.

Background: Arbutin (AR), a natural glycoside compound widely distributed in botanical sources, exerts neuroprotective properties. Nevertheless, the pharmacological effect of AR on depression and its underlying mechanism remain undefined.

Methods: The mice were induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomic analyses were conducted.

Nanoconfined Solvothermal Synthesis of Defective 1T-MoS Monolayers with High Electrocatalytic Performance.

Synthesizing 2D nanosheets in a controlled and scalable manner remains a significant challenge. Here, a nanoconfined solvothermal synthesis is presented of metallic phase MoS (1T-MoS) monolayers at kilogram scale. The MoS nanosheets exhibit a remarkably high monolayer ratio of 97%, a 1T content of ≈89%, and a well-defined average lateral size ranging from ≈100 nm to 1.

Hyperconjugation Engineering of π-Extended Azaphosphinines for Designing Tunable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters.

Implanting heteroatoms into organic π-conjugated molecules (OCMS) offered a great opportunity to fine-tune the chemical structures and optoelectronic properties. This work describes a new family of 1,4-azaphosphinines with extended σ-π hyperconjugations. The photophysical studies revealed that azaphosphinines exhibited narrow-band thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) ( full width at half-maximum: 26-40 nm).

Drivers of desert plant beta diversity on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau.

The desert ecosystem of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is an important component of China's desert ecosystem. Studying the mechanisms shaping the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional beta diversity of plant communities in the QTP desert will help us to promote scientific conservation and management of the region's biodiversity. This study investigated the effects of environmental (including altitude, climate factors, and soil factors) and geographic distances on three facets of beta diversity as well as their turnover and nestedness components based on field survey data.

Escape from X-chromosome inactivation and sex differences in Alzheimer's disease.

Sex differences exist in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Globally, women have a higher prevalence, while men with Alzheimer's disease experience earlier mortality and more pronounced cognitive decline than women. The cause of sex differences in Alzheimer's disease remains unclear.

[Label-free quantitative peptidomics-based analysis on glycopeptides in deerhorn gelatin and deer-hide gelatin].

Nano-LC-MS/MS was used to analyze trypsin digested deer-horn gelatin( DCG) and deer-hide gelatin( DHG) samples.The glycopeptides in DCG and DHG were quantified by Label-free quantitative( LFQ) peptidomics,on the basis of which the glycopeptides with significant difference in DCG and DHG were determined. As a result,5 736 peptides were identified from DCG samples,including 213 galactosyl-hydroxylysine containing peptides( Gal-Hyl-peptides) and 102 glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysine containing peptides( Glc-Gal-Hyl-peptides),while 6 836 peptides were identified from DHG samples,among which there were 250 Gal-Hyl-peptides and 98 Glc-Gal-Hyl-peptides.

Discovery of peptide biomarkers by label-free peptidomics for discrimination of horn gelatin and hide gelatin from Cervus nippon Temminck.

Gelatin and gelatin-based derivatives have been attracting worldwide attention as health-food ingredients. Deer horn gelatin (DCG), a well-known and expensive gelatin food in Asia, has suffered adulterants by adding deer-hide gelatin (DHG) in it. However, robust and effective methods which could differentiate DCG from DHG are still unavailable.

[Analysis of hydroxylation and O-glycosylation on lysine sites in deer-hide gelatin].

Nano-LC MS/MS was used to analyze trypsin digested deer-hide gelatin(DHG) samples, hydroxylation and O-glycosylation on lysine sites of DHG were comprehensive identified by using PEAKS Studio software. The sites, sorts and amounts of hydroxylation and O-glycosylation on Type Ⅰ collagen α1 chain(COL1 A1) and α2 chain(COL1 A2) of DHG were revealed. As a result, 5 284 peptides were identified from DHG samples, which were mainly from COL1 A1 and COL1 A2.

Collagen derived species-specific peptides for distinguishing donkey-hide gelatin ().

Objective: As an important food therapy product with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) applications, donkey-hide gelatin (, ACC) has been used for thousands of years. However, till now few effective strategy had been proposed to distinguish ACC from other animal hide gelatins, especially closely related horse- and mule-hide gelatins, which was an embarrassment of ACC quality control.

Methods: Combined mass spectrometry and bioinformatic methods have been applied to identify and verify two ACC-specific peptides (Pep-1 and Pep-2) capable of distinguishing ACC from other closely related animal gelatins with high selectivity.