One-pot tailored synthesis of highly monodisperse β-1,3-glucan from sucrose driven by an in vitro self-assembled dual-enzyme system via spy chemistry.

β-1,3-Glucan exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities. However, its broader application has been constrained by current production methods that are uneconomical, inefficient, and environmentally unfriendly. Here, we developed an efficient bottom-up synthesis system for β-1,3-glucan employing thermostable sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis and β-1,3-glucan phosphorylase from Thermosipho africanus using sucrose as a substrate and generating glucose-1-phosphate as a key intermediate.

Unveiling triterpenoid superiority in a newly developed variety through untargeted metabolomics approach.

The fruiting bodies of are renowned for their therapeutic properties, primarily due to their triterpenoid content. Variability in strains may influence the composition and abundance of triterpenoids. In this study, we explored the triterpenoid superiority in a newly developed strain (GL_V2) obtained through mutation breeding, and compared it to a widely cultivated strain (GL_V1).

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of a Highly Glucose-Tolerant β-Glucosidase from the Termite .

The enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose is often hindered by the glucose-mediated inhibition of β-glucosidases, a major bottleneck in industrial cellulose degradation. Identifying novel glucose-tolerant β-glucosidases is essential for enhancing saccharification efficiency. In this study, we cloned and heterologously expressed a novel β-glucosidase, RpBgl8, from the termite in .

Efficient production of phenyllactic acid in via metabolic engineering and fermentation optimization strategies.

Phenyllactic acid (PhLA), an important natural organic acid, can be used as a biopreservative, monomer of the novel polymeric material poly (phenyllactic acid), and raw material for various medicines. Herein, we achieved a high-level production of PhLA in through the application of metabolic engineering and fermentation optimization strategies. First, the PhLA biosynthetic pathway was established in CGSC4510, and the phenylalanine biosynthetic pathway was disrupted to improve the carbon flux toward PhLA biosynthesis.

Elucidating sleep disorders: a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of functional gene sets and hub genes.

Background: Sleep disorders (SD) are known to have a profound impact on human health and quality of life although their exact pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Methods: The study first accessed SD datasets from the GEO and identified DEGs. These DEGs were then subjected to gene set enrichment analysis.

Effects of oregano essential oil Pickering emulsion and ZnO nanoparticles on the properties and antibacterial activity of konjac glucomannan/carboxymethyl chitosan nanocomposite films.

Green and environmentally friendly natural bio-based food packaging films are increasingly favored by consumers. This study incorporated carboxylated-cellulose nanocrystal stabilized oregano essential oil (OEO) Pickering emulsion and ZnO nanoparticles (ZNPs) into konjac glucomannan (KGM)/carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) complexes to develop active food packaging films. The effects of OEO Pickering emulsion and ZNPs on the physical, structural, and antimicrobial activities of the nanocomposite films were evaluated.

Clip-SP1 cleavage activates downstream prophenoloxidase activating protease (PAP) in Plutella xylostella.

Melanization is a component of the humoral immune defense of insects and is induced by serine protease-mediated phenoloxidase (PO) catalysis. Prophenoloxidase (PPO) in the midgut of Plutella xylostella is activated by the CLIP domain serine protease (clip-SP) in response to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) infection, but the detailed signaling cascade following this activation is unknown. Here, we report that activation of clip-SP enhances PO activity in the P.

Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease Using Patterns of Methylation Levels in Key Immunologic-Related Genes.

Background: DNA methylation is expected to become a kind of new diagnosis and treatment method of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation- and immune-related pathways represent one of the major genetic risk factors for AD.

Objective: We aimed to investigate DNA methylation levels of 7 key immunologic-related genes in peripheral blood and appraise their applicability in the diagnosis of AD.

Solar-light-driven LaFe Ni O perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants.

LaFe Ni O perovskite oxides were prepared by the sol-gel method under various conditions, including different pH values (pH 0 and pH 7) and different calcination temperatures (500-800 °C) as well as different Fe/Ni ratios (1/9, 3/7, 5/5, 7/3, 9/1). The samples were examined by XRD, DRS, BET, and SEM to reveal their crystallinity, light-absorption ability, specific surface area, and surface features, respectively. The photocatalytic Fenton reaction was conducted using various LaFe Ni O perovskite oxides to decompose the methylene blue molecules.

UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS-Based Metabolomics Reveals Chemical Variations of Two Types of Rhizomes of .

The rhizomes of are commonly consumed as food and also used as medicine. However, the metabolic profile of has not been fully revealed yet. Recently, we developed a novel evergreen species of P.

Generation of Concentric Space-Variant Linear Polarized Light by Dielectric Metalens.

Miniaturized flat and ultrathin optical components with spatial and polarization degrees of freedom are important for optical communications. Here, we use nanostructures that act as tiny phase plates on a dielectric metalens to generate a concentric polarization beam with different orientations along the radial direction. The important discoveries are that (1) the circularly polarized light can be converted into linearly polarized states with a different orientation at near field and that (2) this orientation is strongly correlated to the rotation of the nanostructures on the metalens.

Characterization of Gut Bacteria and Their Role in Feeding and Growth of the Host.

Insect gut microbes play important roles in host feeding, digestion, immunity, growth and development. is an important agricultural pest distributed of global importance. In the present study, diversity and functions of the gut bacteria in are investigated based on the approaches of metagenomics and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE).

Immune responses to Bacillus thuringiensis in the midgut of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella.

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is the first insect to develop resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in the field. To date, little is known about the molecular mechanism of the interaction between Bt and midgut immunity in P. xylostella.

Host Plant-Derived miRNAs Potentially Modulate the Development of a Cosmopolitan Insect Pest, .

Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been reported to be involved in the cross-kingdom regulation of specific cellular and physiological processes in animals. However, little of this phenomenon is known for the communication between host plant and insect herbivore. In this study, the plant-derived miRNAs in the hemolymph of a cruciferous specialist were identified by small RNAs sequencing.

GeSn resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetectors on silicon-on-insulator platforms.

We report GeSn p-i-n resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetectors (RCEPDs) grown on silicon-on-insulator substrates. A vertical cavity, composed of a buried oxide as the bottom reflector and a deposited SiO layer on the top surface as the top reflector, is created for the GeSn p-i-n structure to enhance the light-matter interaction. The responsivity experiments demonstrate that the photodetection range is extended to 1820 nm, completely covering all the telecommunication bands, because of the introduction of 2.

Gene expression profiling provides insights into the immune mechanism of Plutella xylostella midgut to microbial infection.

Insect gut immunity plays a key role in defense against microorganism infection. The knowledge of insect gut immunity has been obtained mostly from Drosophila melanogaster. Little is known about gut immunity in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.

Metagenomic Sequencing of Diamondback Moth Gut Microbiome Unveils Key Holobiont Adaptations for Herbivory.

Herbivore specialists adapt to feed on a specific group of host plants by evolving various mechanisms to respond to plant defenses. Insects also possess complex gut microbiotas but their potential role in adaptation is poorly understood. Our previous study of the genome of diamondback moth, , revealed an intrinsic capacity to detoxify plant defense compounds, which is an important factor in its success as a pest.

[Rapid and high throughput measurement of lipase thermo-stability through ANS fluorescence signal assay].

We have developed a rapid and high throughput lipase-ANS (8-Anilino-l-naphthalenesulfonic acid) assay to evaluate the thermo-stability of lipases based on the ANS fluorescence signal's increasing and shifting when this small fluorescence probes binds to lipase. The testing lipase samples were incubated at a temperature range of 25 degrees C to 65 degrees C for 30 min before mixed with ANS solution (0.20 mg/mL lipase and 0.

[Improvement of the the thermostability of Penicillium expansum lipase by mutagenesis the random mutant ep8 at K55R].

In order to improve the thermostability of the Penicillium expansum Lipase (PEL), the lipase encoding genes was mutated by site-directed mutagenesis. A recombinant vector pAO815-ep8-K55R which contain double mutant genes was constructed by overlap extension PCR using the cDNA of a random-mutant lipase ep8 (a single site mutant) as the template and two special primers were used to generate another mutation site K55R. The recombinant vector was transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115 by electroporation and the recombinant mutant GS-pAO815-ep8- K55R can secret double-mutant lipase PEL-ep8-K55R-GS into the medium when it was induced by Methanol.

Purification and preliminary crystallographic analysis of a Penicillium expansum lipase.

PF898 is a strain of Penicillium expansum optimized for the high level production of Penicillium expansum lipase (PEL). This PEL is unique compared with other lipases in several aspects, For example, the PEL shows low sequence identities (<30%) to all other known lipases, and high percentage of hydrophobic residues in the N-terminal region. The PEL was purified to homogeneity and shown to be 28 kDa by SDS-PAGE.