Body composition after treatment of intra-mucosal gastric cancer with endoscopic resection compared to gastrectomy.

Background: Patients who undergo gastrectomy may experience changes in their body composition, which may in turn affect survival. However, whether endoscopic resection differs from gastrectomy in its effect on body composition remains unclear.

Methods: This retrospective study included 2267 patients who received either gastrectomy or endoscopic resection for intramucosal gastric cancer.

Non-contrast MRI for Detection of Late Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Treatment: A Prospective Multicenter Comparison to Contrast-enhanced CT.

Background And Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently recurs after curative treatment, posing challenges to long-term survival. Although contrast-enhanced multiphasic computed tomography (CECT) is commonly used for detecting recurrence, it is associated with risks such as radiation exposure and contrast agent reactions. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (NC-MRI) with CECT for detecting recurrent HCC.

Primary Rectal Syphilis Mimicking Lymphoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Primary rectal syphilis is a rare disease that can be misdiagnosed as lymphoma or other rectal cancers on sigmoidoscopy or CT. Here, we report a case of primary rectal syphilis mimicking rectal malignancy in a 23-year-old male who presented with a rectal mass and multiple lymphadenopathies. In this case report and literature review, we focused on the CT findings and endoscopic observations of primary rectal syphilis.

Clinical feasibility of deep learning based synthetic contrast enhanced abdominal CT in patients undergoing non enhanced CT scans.

Our objective was to develop and evaluate the clinical feasibility of deep-learning-based synthetic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DL-SynCCT) in patients designated for nonenhanced CT (NECT). We proposed a weakly supervised learning with the utilization of virtual non-contrast CT (VNC) for the development of DL-SynCCT. Training and internal validations were performed with 2202 pairs of retrospectively collected contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) images with the corresponding VNC images acquired from dual-energy CT.

Diagnostic performance and image quality of an image-based denoising algorithm applied to radiation dose-reduced CT in diagnosing acute appendicitis.

Purpose: To evaluate diagnostic performance and image quality of ultralow-dose CT (ULDCT) in diagnosing acute appendicitis with an image-based deep-learning denoising algorithm (IDLDA).

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included 180 patients (mean ± standard deviation, 29 ± 9 years; 91 female) who underwent contrast-enhanced 2-mSv CT for suspected appendicitis from February 2014 to August 2016. We simulated ULDCT from 2-mSv CT, reducing the dose by at least 50%.

Risk of hematologic malignant neoplasms from head CT radiation in children and adolescents presenting with minor head trauma: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

Objectives: The carcinogenic risks of CT radiation in children and adolescents remain debated. We aimed to assess the carcinogenic risk of CTs performed in children and adolescents with minor head trauma.

Methods: In this nationwide population-based cohort study, we included 2,411,715 patients of age 0-19 with minor head trauma from 2009 to 2017.

Improving radiomics reproducibility using deep learning-based image conversion of CT reconstruction algorithms in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Objectives: CT reconstruction algorithms affect radiomics reproducibility. In this study, we evaluate the effect of deep learning-based image conversion on CT reconstruction algorithms.

Methods: This study included 78 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who underwent four-phase liver CTs comprising non-contrast, late arterial (LAP), portal venous (PVP), and delayed phase (DP), reconstructed using both filtered back projection (FBP) and advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE).

Radiology Residents' Independent Diagnosis of Appendicitis Using 2-mSv Computed Tomography: A Secondary Analysis of a Large Pragmatic Randomized Trial.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance and clinical outcomes of 2-mSv computed tomography (CT) and conventional-dose CT (CDCT), following radiology residents' interpretation of CT examinations for suspected appendicitis.

Materials And Methods: Altogether, 3074 patients with suspected appendicitis aged 15-44 years (28 ± 9 years, 1672 females) from 20 hospitals were randomly assigned to the 2-mSv CT (n = 1535) or CDCT (n = 1539) groups in a pragmatic trial from December 2013 and August 2016. Overall, 107 radiology residents participated in the trial as readers in the form of daily practice after online training for 2-mSv CT.

A rabbit model for embolic infarct potentials of injectables using ultrasound-guided carotid artery puncture.

In order to evaluate the in vivo thrombogenicity of injectable agents, a suitable animal model is needed. We introduce an ultrasound-guided non-selective cerebral artery occlusion model via the common carotid arteries of rabbits. A total of 30 rabbits were assigned to an experimental group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 10).

Extramural venous invasion and depth of extramural invasion on preoperative CT as prognostic imaging biomarkers in patients with locally advanced ascending colon cancer.

Purpose: This study evaluates the prognostic significance of EMVI and DEMI on preoperative CT in patients with ascending colon cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients with T3 ascending colon cancer from January 2012 to December 2016 in a tertiary center. Two radiologists independently reviewed EMVI, DEMI, and nodal status on preoperative CT.

Local retention efficacy of steroid-loaded PLGA microspheres in epidural injection.

Long-term effects of epidural steroid injections for pain management require novel drug formulations that increase tissue retention time. Present study aimed to investigate the local retention of steroid-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres in epidural injection using a rabbit model. Twenty rabbits were randomly assigned to a PLGA group (n = 10) and a triamcinolone acetonide (TA) group (n = 10).

Incidence of malignancy in adrenal nodules detected on staging CTs of patients with potentially resectable colorectal cancer.

Objective: To measure the prevalence of adrenal nodules detected on staging CT in patients with resectable colorectal cancer, and the proportion of patients with malignant nodules among them.

Methods: This retrospective study included 6474 patients (median age, 65; interquartile range, 56-73; 3902 men) who underwent staging CT for colorectal cancer between May 2003 and December 2018. The patients had potentially resectable colorectal cancer, including resectable hepatic or pulmonary metastases.

Appendiceal Visualization on 2-mSv CT vs. Conventional-Dose CT in Adolescents and Young Adults with Suspected Appendicitis: An Analysis of Large Pragmatic Randomized Trial Data.

Objective: We compared appendiceal visualization on 2-mSv CT vs. conventional-dose CT (median 7 mSv) in adolescents and young adults and analyzed the undesirable clinical and diagnostic outcomes that followed appendiceal nonvisualization.

Materials And Methods: A total of 3074 patients aged 15-44 years (mean ± standard deviation, 28 ± 9 years; 1672 female) from 20 hospitals were randomized to the 2-mSv CT or conventional-dose CT group (1535 vs.

Tumor resectability and response on CT following neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer: inter-observer agreement study.

Objectives: First, to measure inter-observer agreement regarding tumor resectability and response, and second, to measure diagnostic performance in predicting negative resection margin, on re-staging CTs of patients who received neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who received neoadjuvant therapy for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer from 2017 to 2020. Six readers independently evaluated initial staging and re-staging CT images.

Adrenal Nodules Detected at Staging CT in Patients with Resectable Gastric Cancers Have a Low Incidence of Malignancy.

Background Guidelines recommending additional imaging for adrenal nodules lack relevant epidemiologic evidence. Purpose To measure the prevalence of adrenal nodules detected at staging CT in patients with potentially resectable gastric cancer and the proportion of patients with malignant nodules among them. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 10 250 consecutive patients (median age, 63 years; interquartile range, 53-71 years; 6884 men) who underwent staging CT and had potentially resectable gastric cancer in a tertiary center (May 2003 to December 2018).

Diagnostic accuracy and complication rate of image-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle lung biopsy for subsolid pulmonary nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy and complication rate of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) for subsolid pulmonary nodules and sources of heterogeneity among reported results.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane libraries (until November 7, 2020) for studies measuring the diagnostic accuracy of PTNB for subsolid pulmonary nodules. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of PTNB were calculated using a bivariate random-effects model.

The feasibility of deep learning-based synthetic contrast-enhanced CT from nonenhanced CT in emergency department patients with acute abdominal pain.

Our objective was to investigate the feasibility of deep learning-based synthetic contrast-enhanced CT (DL-SCE-CT) from nonenhanced CT (NECT) in patients who visited the emergency department (ED) with acute abdominal pain (AAP). We trained an algorithm generating DL-SCE-CT using NECT with paired precontrast/postcontrast images. For clinical application, 353 patients from three institutions who visited the ED with AAP were included.

Dose reduction potential of vendor-agnostic deep learning model in comparison with deep learning-based image reconstruction algorithm on CT: a phantom study.

Objectives: To compare the dose reduction potential (DRP) of a vendor-agnostic deep learning model (DLM, ClariCT.AI) with that of a vendor-specific deep learning-based image reconstruction algorithm (DLR, TrueFidelity™).

Methods: Computed tomography (CT) images of a multi-sized image quality phantom (Mercury v4.

Erratum: Correction of Text in the Article "The Impact of COVID-19 on the Use of Radiology Resources in a Tertiary Hospital".

This corrects the article on p. e368 in vol. 35, PMID: 33075859.

Final diagnosis and patient disposition following equivocal results on 2-mSv CT vs. conventional-dose CT in adolescents and young adults with suspected appendicitis: a post hoc analysis of large pragmatic randomized trial data.

Objective: To compare 2-mSv CT and conventional-dose CT (CDCT, typically 7-8 mSv) regarding final diagnosis and patient disposition following equivocal CT results in adolescents and young adults with suspected appendicitis.

Methods: In total, 3074 patients of 15-44 years (28 ± 9 years, 1672 women) from 20 hospitals were randomized to undergo contrast-enhanced 2-mSv CT (n = 1535) or CDCT (n = 1539) from December 2013 through August 2016. One hundred sixty-one radiologists prospectively rated the likelihood of appendicitis in a Likert scale (i.

MRI Texture Analysis for the Prediction of Stereotactic Radiosurgery Outcomes in Brain Metastases from Lung Cancer.

This study aims to evaluate the utility of texture analysis in predicting the outcome of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases from lung cancer. From 83 patients with lung cancer who underwent SRS for brain metastasis, a total of 118 metastatic lesions were included. Two neuroradiologists independently performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based texture analysis using the Imaging Biomarker Explorer software.

Biparametric versus multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate: detection of clinically significant cancer in a perfect match group.

Background: Biparametric (bp) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be an alternative MRI for the detection of the clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).

Purpose: To compare the accuracies of prostate cancer detection and localization between prebiopsy bpMRI and postbiopsy multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) taken on different days, using radical prostatectomy specimens as the reference standards.

Material And Methods: Data of 41 total consecutive patients who underwent the following examinations and procedures between September 2015 and March 2017 were collected: (1) magnetic resonance- and/or ultrasonography-guided biopsy after bpMRI; (2) postbiopsy mpMRI; and (3) radical prostatectomy with csPCa.

Incidence Lung Cancer after a Negative CT Screening in the National Lung Screening Trial: Deep Learning-Based Detection of Missed Lung Cancers.

We aimed to analyse the CT examinations of the previous screening round (CT) in NLST participants with incidence lung cancer and evaluate the value of DL-CAD in detection of missed lung cancers. Thoracic radiologists reviewed CT in participants with incidence lung cancer, and a DL-CAD analysed CT according to NLST criteria and the lung CT screening reporting & data system (Lung-RADS) classification. We calculated patient-wise and lesion-wise sensitivities of the DL-CAD in detection of missed lung cancers.