Feasibility of an Interactive, Iterative Zoom-based Anti-racism Course for Academic Neurology Faculty.

While there has been increasing education on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) for medical students and residents, neurology faculty are also in need of formal education on race and racism. The aim was to implement and evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and preliminary impact of an interactive Zoom-based anti-racism curriculum that was repeated in a new academic year to foster learning and discussion amongst neurology faculty. A Justice Equity Diversity and Inclusion Curriculum (JEDI) was delivered to Brown University Neurology faculty during 2021-2022 and again in 2023-2024.

Evaluation of New and Repurposed Tools to Assess Post-Tuberculosis Lung Disease in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Background: Tuberculosis, even when successfully treated, frequently leads to long-term sequelae, known as post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD). Adolescents account for over 1 million incident tuberculosis cases each year, and PTLD in this population may contribute greatly to the global burden of chronic lung disease. However, research to better understand and prevent adolescent PTLD is hampered by uncertainty regarding which tools best assess respiratory disability and lung function in this population.

Management of Neonatal Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia: Trends Over Nine Years.

Background: With increasing use of diazoxide for hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH), reporting of serious side effects of diazoxide such as pulmonary hypertension (PHT) increased.

Methods: Charts of all children diagnosed with HH during the study period and evaluated by Pediatric Endocrinology division of the Hasbro Children's Hospital were reviewed. We analyzed diazoxide use among infants with HH with focus on infants born small for gestational age (SGA) and preterm infants.

Lung cancer screening provider recommendation and completion in black and White patients with a smoking history in two healthcare systems: a survey study.

Background: Annual lung cancer screening (LCS) with low dose CT reduces lung cancer mortality. LCS is underutilized. Black people who smoke tobacco have high risk of lung cancer but are less likely to be screened than are White people.

Identifying adolescents at risk for suboptimal adherence to tuberculosis treatment: A prospective cohort study.

Adolescents account for an estimated 800,000 incident tuberculosis (TB) cases annually and are at risk for suboptimal adherence to TB treatment. Most studies of adolescent TB treatment adherence have used surveillance data with limited psychosocial information. This prospective cohort study aimed to identify risk factors for suboptimal adherence to rifampicin-susceptible TB treatment among adolescents (10-19 years old) in Lima, Peru.

Characterizing after-hours hematology/oncology clinic calls.

Background: After-hour calls can be resource intensive and remain a significant challenge to medical practices, though they have historically been poorly or non-reimbursable services. This study reviews after-hour calls from hematology/oncology patients at a cancer center to characterize after-hour care needs, identify care gaps, and look for opportunities to improve outpatient healthcare delivery.

Methods: This descriptive, retrospective Institutional Review Board-approved study analyzed patient calls between June 2015 to February 2021 in an academic hematology/oncology practice.

Does destination make a difference? Outcomes after a policy change affecting cutoff times for prehospital transport.

Background: Facilitating primary triage and care at pediatric trauma centers (PTCs) can improve outcomes for children after trauma. However, scene location and regional emergency medical services regulations may result in initial evaluation occurring at nonpediatric facilities with later transportation to PTCs for definitive care. In this study, we assessed the results of a change in transport time cutoff from 30 to 45 minutes on pediatric patient outcomes.

Less qualitative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer can underestimate extraprostatic extension in higher grade tumors.

Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is increasingly used for risk stratification and preoperative staging of prostate cancer. It remains unclear how Grade Group (GG) interacts with the ability of mpMRI to determine the presence of extraprostatic extension (EPE) on surgical pathology.

Methods: A retrospective review of a robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) database from 2016-2020 was performed.

The Rising Incidence of Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia: Connection With Maternal Health.

Objective: Due to a perceived rise in hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) cases over time, notably during the COVID-19 pandemic, institutional experiences between 2013 and 2021 were reviewed to evaluate trends, characteristics, and outcomes in children with HH.

Methods: Charts of all children diagnosed with HH during the study period and evaluated by Pediatric Endocrinology were reviewed. HH was defined per Pediatric Endocrine Society guidelines.

Clinical Psychosocial Risk Factors for Sex Trafficking Involvement Among Adolescent Girls.

Purpose: This study assessed the characteristics that place adolescent girls at greatest risk for sex trafficking involvement. It was hypothesized that girls with a greater history of risk behaviors, unstable home environments, child maltreatment, and increased psychiatric complexity would be more likely to be involved in domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST).

Methods: Retrospective chart review of two cohorts of adolescent girls, one with known DMST history, and an age-matched cohort without DMST history, was conducted.

"I Was Here First, Why Did They Go Before Me": Examining Patients'Perceptions of Priority in a Psychometric Study of Emergency Department Triage.

Introduction: Unrealistic patient expectations for wait times can lead to poor satisfaction. This study's dual purpose was: (1) to address disparities between patients' perceived priority level and the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) assigned by emergency room triage nurses; and (2) to evaluate validity and reliability of using the Patient Perception of Priority to be Seen Survey (PPPSS) to investigate patient expectations for emergency department urgency.

Methods: A two-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental approach compared patient urgency opinions to nurse urgency ratings with and without a scripted educational intervention.

Increases in Ambulance Call Volume Are an Early Warning Sign of Major COVID-19 Surges in Children.

Background: Infectious diseases, including COVID-19, have a severe impact on child health globally. We investigated whether emergency medical service (EMS) calls are a bellwether for future COVID-19 caseloads. We elaborated on geographical hotspots and socioeconomic risk factors.

Prevalence and trends of infection among persons requiring maintenance hemodialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: infection (CDI) is among the most common cause of healthcare-associated infections. Persons requiring maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are at increased risk of CDI and associated mortality compared to persons not requiring MHD. Given the clinical impact of CDI among persons requiring MHD, we aimed to quantify the burden of CDI and trends over time in this patient population.

Efficacy of remdesivir for hospitalized COVID-19 patients with end stage renal disease.

Background: Since the beginning of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been a widespread use of remdesivir in adults and children. There is little known information about its outcomes in patients with end stage renal disease who are on dialysis.

Aim: To assess the clinical outcomes with use of remdesivir in adult patients with end stage kidney failure on hemodialysis.

Analysis of Decreasing Adverse Events with Endoscopic Ultrasound in a New Advanced Endoscopy Program Over Time.

Objective: New innovations and increasing utility of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are associated with rare but serious risks. We investigate the rates and risk factors for post-procedural complications over a four-year period at a new advanced endoscopy program.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all adult patients who underwent upper EUS at an academic level-1 trauma center between April 2015 and November 2019.

Implementing Coordinated Specialty Care in CMHC Youth and Young Adults with Severe Mental Illness: Preliminary Outcome Assessment.

This study assessed impact of Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC), expanded to include both first episode psychosis (FEP) and severe mental health disorders (e.g., depression, bipolar disorder, trauma) in youths attending Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs).

How curricular changes influence medical students' perceptions of basic science: A pilot study.

Theory: The perceived value of study material may have implications on learning and long-term retention. This study compares the perceived value of basic science of medical students from schools with a traditional "2+2" curriculum and the USMLE Step 1 placed before core clerkships to those from medical schools that have undergone curricular revisions, resulting in shortened pre-clerkship curricula and administration of the USMLE Step 1 after core clerkships.

Hypothesis: We hypothesize that differences in curricula, particularly duration of pre-clerkship curriculum and timing of the USMLE Step 1, affect medical students' perceived value of basic science.

A Novel Interprofessional Palliative Care and Geriatrics Curriculum for Nephrology Teams.

Background: The population of older adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing and nephrologists need education on the principles of geriatrics and palliative care to effectively care for this population.

Objectives: Our objective was to develop and deliver a curriculum to interprofessional clinicians caring for older adults with CKD. The aim of this curriculum would be to improve knowledge of the principles of geriatrics and palliative care.

Patient care without borders: a systematic review of medical and surgical tourism.

Background: Medical tourism (MT) is an increasingly utilized modality for acquiring medical treatment for patients globally. This review assimilates the current literature regarding MT, with particular focus on the applications, ethics and economics.

Methods: A systematic review of MEDLINE and PubMed Central databases for publications relating to MT from 2005 to 2018 yielded 43 articles for this review.