Appropriate extent of lymph node dissection in patients with muscle-invasive gallbladder cancer.

Background: The appropriate extent of lymph node dissection has not yet been standardized in muscle-invasive gallbladder cancer.

Methods: Patients who underwent surgery, and were histologically diagnosed with muscle-invasive gallbladder cancer were included. Patients were classified as having Na, Nb, or Nc disease if their nodal metastases were limited to the porta hepatis and extended to the posterosuperior pancreatic head lymph nodes (PSPLNs), nodes along the celiac axis, or superior mesenteric vessels.

Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 promotes the growth and oncogenic potential of acute myeloid leukemia cells through the deubiquitination and upregulation of LRRK2.

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a large protein with kinase and GTPase activities, regulates various cellular pathways, including autophagy, endocytosis, and mitochondrial dynamics. LRRK2, extensively studied in the context of Parkinson's disease, is functionally impaired in other pathological conditions as well, including inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite its critical functions, the mechanisms controlling LRRK2 protein stability are not fully understood.

The robotic era: 11-year retrospective study of cholecystectomies at a veterans affairs hospital.

Background: Robotic surgery has been proposed as an approach to mitigate open surgery, which is associated with increased morbidity and worse outcomes when compared to minimally invasive cholecystectomies. The study objective was to determine the effect on conversion rates and outcomes following the adoption of robotic surgery for benign gallbladder disease in a high-risk population.

Methods: Patients ≥ 18 years of age who underwent cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder disease from January 1, 2013 to April 18, 2025 at a Veterans Affairs hospital were retrospectively identified.

Concept of Depth of Invasion can Improve Staging Performance in Patients with Resected Distal Cholangiocarcinoma: Validation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System.

Purpose: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCC) has evolved significantly. However, the prognostic correlation of the newly proposed staging system remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to compare the staging performance between AJCC 7th and 8th editions for dCC.

Greater White Matter Hyperintensities and More Severe Cognitive Dysfunction in Mild Cognitive Impairment With Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome.

Background: The motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCRS) is characterized by slow gait and cognitive complaints. A motor-based approach to MCRS provides a clinical strategy for identifying individuals at high risk for dementia.

Methods: This study included 81 outpatients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Evaluating Tumor Regression and Survival Outcomes in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma After Neoadjuvant Treatment according to CAP Grading System: Clinical Usefulness and Limitations.

Background: Neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) is increasingly employed for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), necessitating reliable methods to assess tumor response. The College of American Pathologists (CAP) grading system is widely used to predict chemo-responsiveness and survival, but consensus on the most effective grading system and treatment regimen remains elusive.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study included 462 patients with PDAC who underwent resection after NAT between 2009 and 2023.

Comprehensive analysis of aberrations in pan-cancer, with a focus on prognostic and therapeutic implications.

Background: is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in humans. aberrations play a significant role in various solid tumors, affecting patient prognosis and treatment outcomes.

Objectives: We identified features of genetic alterations in , including single amino acid substitutions and amplifications, based on the results of next-generation sequencing tests in 1667 advanced solid tumor patients.

In Vivo Calcium Imaging of Neuronal Ensembles in Networks of Primary Sensory Neurons in Intact Trigeminal Ganglia.

Calcium imaging is an important tool for monitoring signaling mechanisms that either influx Ca into the cytosol or release Ca from intracellular Ca stores. The use of Pirt-GCaMP3 mice, which have the Casensor GCaMP3 inserted downstream of the Pirt promoter region and expressed in nearly all (>95%) primary sensory neurons, allows for simultaneous monitoring of the activity of >3,000 neurons via Ca imaging of trigeminal ganglion (TG) primary sensory neurons. This allows investigators to study neural network responses to noxious stimuli and somatosensory and hormonal responses in vivo, which would otherwise be very difficult to detect using other methods.

Species-specific toxic responses of marine phytoplankton to metals leached from cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts.

Cobalt-rich ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts are minerals distributed on the slope of a seabed mountain from a depth of 400 to 7000 m. These crusts are considered a next-generation deep-sea mineral resource with abundant industrially useful metals and rare earth elements. However, the ecological impact of deep-sea mining activity on the marine ecosystem has not been fully elucidated.

Lessons from the use of in vivo cellular calcium imaging in primary sensory neurons and spinal cord.

Primary somatosensory neurons, glial cells in the peripheral ganglia, and neural circuits in the spinal cord function as dynamic network circuits that transmit information to the brain. Although a variety of methods and techniques have been used to study individual neurons or tissue explants, the number of neurons that can be monitored is limited. Imaging intact primary sensory neurons, such as those in the dorsal root ganglion and trigeminal ganglia, and the spinal cord in vivo using fluorescent calcium markers helps overcome the limitations of previous methods and techniques by allowing researchers to monitor tens to thousands of cells simultaneously.

A comprehensive analysis of the role of stem cell transplantation in mantle cell lymphoma: real-world data from the Korean Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation registry: Stem cell transplantation outcomes in mantle cell lymphoma.

Purpose: Stem cell transplantation (SCT) has historically played a major role in the long-term remission of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an incurable hematological malignancy. Using data from the Korean Society of Bone and Marrow Transplantation registry, we retrospectively analyzed the role of autologous (auto) and allogeneic (allo) SCT in long-term MCL survival.

Methods: This study analyzed data from 188 patients (age ≥ 19 years at the time of transplantation) who underwent a transplant for MCL from 2011 to 2020.

Myofibroblastoma of the breast in a 5-year-old girl: A case report.

Rationale: Myofibroblastoma is a rare, benign spindle cell tumor originating from the breast stroma. Although it predominantly affects older men and occasionally postmenopausal women, its occurrence in children is exceedingly rare.

Patient Concerns: A 5-year-old girl presented with a palpable mass on the lateral aspect of her left breast.

Differential glycemic effects of DWP16001 in diabetic dogs according to baseline glycemic status: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are widely used in human medicine for their insulin-independent glucose-lowering effects. However, their clinical efficacy and safety for managing diabetes mellitus in dogs have not been established. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DWP16001, a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, as an adjunct to insulin therapy for client-owned dogs with diabetes mellitus.

Evaluation of feasibility and clinical outcomes of robot-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy after neoadjuvant treatment for patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study.

Purpose: With neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) broadening the surgical indication for advanced pancreatic cancer, the growing use of robotic platforms in pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) necessitates the evaluation of its feasibility in advanced pancreatic cancer patients who have undergone NAT.

Methods: We compared clinicopathological outcomes of advanced pancreatic cancer patients who received either robot-assisted or open PD after NAT at a tertiary hospital from 2015 to 2023. Propensity score matching was performed based on age, sex, and TNM staging.

Optimized preprocessing methods for marine RNA metavirome studies.

The pathogenicity of marine RNA viruses has been extensively studied, as they infect a wide range of hosts. Recently, interest in the diversity and ecological roles of marine RNA viruses has been increasing. Marine RNA viruses are generally smaller than DNA viruses, making them more challenging to concentrate, and their inherent instability leads to rapid degradation.

BoNT injection into temporomandibular joint alleviates TMJ pain in forced mouth opening mouse model.

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) significantly impairs the quality of life of patients due to chronic pain and limited jaw function. Many treatment options have been used such as pharmacologic management, physical therapy, oral appliance therapy, and surgery. However, effective treatment options remain limited.

Structure Modeling Protocols for Protein Multimer and RNA in CASP16 With Enhanced MSAs, Model Ranking, and Deep Learning.

We present the methods and results of our protein complex and RNA structure predictions at CASP16. Our approach integrated multiple state-of-the-art deep learning models with a consensus-based scoring method. To enhance the depth of multiple sequence alignments (MSAs), we employed a large metagenomic sequence database.

Exosomal Liquid Biopsy for the Early Detection of Gastric Cancer: The DESTINEX Multicenter Study.

Importance: Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, primarily attributed to delayed detection. The invasive and cost-prohibitive nature of endoscopy for GC screening highlights the urgent need for noninvasive biomarkers.

Objective: To develop an exosome-based diagnostic signature to facilitate blood-based, early detection of patients with GC.

Gait speed and muscle mass as dual mediators in the link between white matter hyperintensities and Alzheimer's disease.

BackgroundGait speed and muscle mass have been independently associated with both white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), indicating complex interrelationships among these factors.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate how gait speed and muscle mass function as mediators in the association between WMH and AD.MethodsA total of 257 participants comprising 165 individuals with AD and 92 cognitively normal controls were included in this study.

NaviGO: An Interactive Tool for Gene Ontology Functional Analysis with Free Text GO Summaries.

Gene Ontology (GO) is a controlled vocabulary of gene functions that is widely used for the functional analysis of individual genes and large-scale proteomic studies. The NaviGO web server visualizes and quantifies the relationships and similarities among GO annotations. NaviGO has four main functionalities: GO Parent, GO Set, GO Enrichment, and Protein Set.

Effect of Double Layer Polyglycolic Acid Felt for Reducing Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreatoduodenectomy: Results of a Multicenter Randomized Control Trial (PLANET-PJ trial).

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of a double coating of polyglycolic acid (PGA) felt for pancreaticojejunostomy in reducing the incidence of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) in patients with a normal pancreas.

Summary Background Data: Despite pancreaticojejunostomy being an advanced procedure in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), few studies have reported a satisfactory reduction in the incidence of POPF.

Methods: This study was an international multicenter randomized controlled trial conducted between October 2018 and December 2021.

Reverse translational approach to clarify the strong potency of enavogliflozin, a novel sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor.

Enavogliflozin is a novel sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitor approved by the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Clinical trials have demonstrated that enavogliflozin provides superior blood glucose-lowering effects and urinary glucose excretion (UGE) at a low dose of 0.3 mg compared with 10 mg of dapagliflozin.

Prevalence and clinical implications of PIK3CA aberrations across cancer types: A real-world next-generation sequencing approach.

Background: Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is a common oncogenic mechanism in various solid tumors and is often driven by aberrations in the PIK3CA gene. Recent advancements have shown effective treatment for patients with PIK3CA-mutated breast cancer; however, there is an unmet need for other malignancies. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of PIK3CA mutations and amplifications across cancer types.

Prediabetes Remission and the Subsequent Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Introduction: Prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer; however, whether prediabetes remission is associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between prediabetes remission or persistence and the subsequent risk of pancreatic cancer.

Methods: This nationwide cohort study included 6,058,662 adults without diabetes or cancer who underwent two consecutive national health screenings in 2009 (S1) and 2011 (S2).

Decreased frequency and inflammatory change of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in immunopathogenesis of human acute graft-versus-host disease.

Background/aims: Acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a severe complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation, characterized by immune-mediated tissue damage primarily affecting the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis. However, the pathogenic roles of changes in Treg cell number and function on acute GvHD remain poorly understood.