Exosomal ALPPL2 and THBS2 as biomarkers for early detection and disease monitoring of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Background: Lack of reliable biomarkers for early detection and monitoring contributes to the poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as the current clinical marker, CA19-9, lacks adequate specificity and sensitivity.

Methods: Serum concentrations of ALPPL2-positive and THBS2-positive exosomes were measured using an ExoView assay in two cohorts: a cohort of 219 subjects, including non-disease controls and patients with early- or late-stage PDAC, and a longitudinal cohort of 26 patients with advanced PDAC undergoing treatment.

Results: Exosomal ALPPL2 and THBS2 distinguished non-cancer cases from PDAC with high accuracy; area under the curve (AUC) values = 0.

Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Beta 2 Subunit Promotes the Peritoneal Disseminating Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Peritoneal dissemination in colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with poor prognosis due to limited efficacy of current therapeutic strategies. The cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit (), a component of the acetylcholine receptor, has been implicated in other malignancies, but its role in CRC remains unknown.

Methods: This study evaluated the expression and function of CHRNB2 in CRC.

Overexpression of cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 2 in esophageal squamous carcinoma cell promotes tumor aggressiveness by facilitating NF-κB signaling and inhibition of p53-associated apoptosis.

Purpose: A chromatin remodeling-related gene, cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 2 (CECR2) was identified as candidate gene associated with aggressive phenotypes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a transcriptome analysis. Here, we aimed to elucidate its role and potential for clinical application.

Methods: We evaluated ESCC cell lines modulating CECR2 expression in vitro.

Exosomal Liquid Biopsy for the Early Detection of Gastric Cancer: The DESTINEX Multicenter Study.

Importance: Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, primarily attributed to delayed detection. The invasive and cost-prohibitive nature of endoscopy for GC screening highlights the urgent need for noninvasive biomarkers.

Objective: To develop an exosome-based diagnostic signature to facilitate blood-based, early detection of patients with GC.

Antitumor effects of plasma-activated sodium acetate solution on gastric cancer cells.

Liquids irradiated with nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma exert antitumor effects. Here, we produced plasma-activated acetated Ringer (PAA) and plasma-activated sodium acetate (PASA) solutions, each at 1%, 3%, and 5% mass concentrations. We evaluated the antitumor effects of PAA and PASA on gastric cancer (GC).

ATPase copper transporting beta attenuates malignant features with high expression as an indicator of favorable prognosis in breast cancer.

Background: ATPase copper transporting beta (ATP7B) functions as a copper-transporting ATPase that ejects copper from cells. Although high expression of ATP7B has been reported to increase cisplatin resistance, its role in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the function of ATP7B in BC cells and its significance in patients with BC.

High Expression of OR1F1 Protein as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: In patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the identification of biomarkers that enable precise stratification of postoperative prognostic risk is crucial for developing personalized treatment strategies. Biomarker reproducibility across multiple independent cohorts is a key consideration in biomarker discovery.

Materials And Methods: Transcriptome analysis was performed on primary tumor tissues from patients with ESCC who experienced recurrence in distant organs, thus identifying olfactory receptor family 1 subfamily F member 1 (OR1F1) as a candidate biomarker.

Detection of pathologic complete response using deep neural network-based endoscopic evaluation in patients with esophageal cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a nationwide multicenter retrospective study from 46 Japanese esophageal centers.

Background: Detecting pathological complete response (pCR) preoperatively facilitated a non-surgical approach after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We previously developed a deep neural network-based endoscopic evaluation to determine pCR preoperatively. Its quality warrants improvement with a larger data series for clinical application.

A multicenter randomized open-label phase 2 study investigating optimal antiemetic therapy for patients with advanced/recurrent gastric cancer treated with trastuzumab deruxtecan: the EN-hance study.

Background: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has been approved for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive gastric cancer and other indications in several countries and is considered moderately or highly emetogenic. The management of nausea and vomiting associated with T-DXd treatment has not been fully evaluated and the effectiveness of conventional prophylaxis remains unknown.

Methods: This open-label, randomized, multicenter, phase 2 study aimed to investigate the optimal antiemetic therapy for Japanese patients with gastric cancer undergoing T-DXd treatment.

The role of CST2 in the pathogenesis and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Cystatin SA (CST2) is a cysteine protease inhibitor that is overexpressed in several malignancies; however, its involvement in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has yet to be investigated. This study evaluates CST2 expression, its association with clinicopathological parameters, and its prognostic significance in ESCC. We further investigate the biological functions of CST2 to assess CST2 impact on tumor progression and its potential as a prognostic marker.

Exploration of Lipid Mediators for Therapeutic Monitoring of Pancreatic Cancer Patients.

Background/aim: Multimodal treatment is now the primary strategy for managing pancreatic cancer. Blood-based protein markers are sometimes useless for evaluating the real-time disease condition to determine treatment strategies. This study focused on detecting novel exosomal lipid biomarkers, as exosomes contain several biological mediators.

Efficacy and safety of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with oxaliplatin for elderly patients: results from the CCOG-1302 study.

Background: Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy using oxaliplatin in addition to 5-FU-based anticancer agents has become the standard treatment for colorectal cancer, however, there is insufficient evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of oxaliplatin combination therapy in the elderly patients. In this study, retrospective analysis of the results from the CCOG-1302 study was performed to confirm them.

Methods: The patients in the CAPOX continuous (8 courses of CAPOX) and intermittent (2 courses of CAPOX + 4 courses of capecitabine + 2 courses of CAPOX) treatment arms in the CCOG-1302 study were divided into two groups, namely, the elderly (≥ 70) and non-elderly (< 70 years) groups.

Association of NR0B1 with Malignant Phenotypes in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Modulation of p53-Independent Cell-Cycle Regulation.

Background: Transcriptome analysis of primary tumor tissues from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients with early postoperative distant metastasis identified nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 1 (NR0B1) as a novel gene associated with the malignant phenotypes of ESCC. This study aimed to elucidate the oncological functions of NR0B1 in ESCC and assess the significance of its tissue expression.

Methods: We investigated the effects of NR0B1 knockdown on the proliferation, migration, and adhesion capacities, in vivo tumor growth, and intracellular signaling pathways of ESCC cell lines.

Enhances Cancer Cell Activities and Serves as a Prognosticator in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Comprehensive transcriptome analysis has revealed SPOC Domain Containing 1 (SPOCD1) as a potential biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the expression and oncological roles of SPOCD1 in ESCC remains underexplored. We aimed to evaluate the role of SPOCD1 in oncogenesis and prognosis of ESCC and Materials and Methods: The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database was utilized to evaluate correlations between SPOCD1 expression and oncogenes in ESCC.

Adenylate cyclase 9 expression level is associated with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and predicts patient prognosis.

Adenylate cyclase family members have recently received attention as novel therapeutic targets. However, the significance of adenylate cyclase 9 (ADCY9) in breast cancer has not been elucidated. Here, we evaluated expression in breast cancer (BC) cell lines, and polymerase chain reaction array analysis was performed to determine the correlations between expression levels and 84 tumor-associated genes.

Suppression Decreases 5-Fluorouracil-induced Apoptosis and Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer.

Background/aim: The development of new biomarkers to predict cancer patient prognosis is expected to aid in treatment selection, contributing to improved outcomes. In this study, we extracted a candidate gene associated with patient prognosis from a public database and investigated the molecular and biological functions and clinical significance of the gene in gastric cancer.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas database and identified the family with sequence similarity 32 member a (FAM32A) as a candidate gene.

Long-term quality of life after open and laparoscopic total gastrectomy for stage I gastric cancer: A prospective multi-institutional study (CCOG1504).

Background: Little information is available from prospective clinical trials on the influences of surgical approaches on postoperative quality of life (QOL). We aimed to prospectively compare chronological changes in postoperative body weight and QOL between laparoscopic and open total gastrectomy for stage I gastric cancer (GC).

Methods: We conducted a multi-institutional prospective study (CCOG1504) of patients who undergo laparoscopic or open total gastrectomy.

Expression profile and function of secretogranin V, and its effects on the malignant behavior of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is recognized as one of the most aggressive cancers with a poor prognosis. Global expression profiling was conducted on primary ESCC tissues with distant metastases. We investigated the identification of secretogranin V (SCG5) as a promising biomarker for the detection and assessment of ESCC.

Dual-modified antisense oligonucleotides targeting oncogenic protocadherin to treat gastric cancer.

Background: The objective of this study was to develop an innovative treatment strategy utilizing antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that target the gene encoding protocadherin alpha 11 (PCDHA11) and to elucidate the role of PCDHA11 in gastric cancer cells.

Methods: We designed and screened 54 amido-bridged nucleic acid (AmNA)-modified ASOs, selecting them based on PCDHA11-knockdown efficacy, in vitro and in vivo activity, and off-target effects. We assessed the impact of AmNA-modified anti-PCDHA11 ASOs on cellular functions and signaling pathways, and investigated the effects of Pcdha11 deficiency in mice.