Multifunctional Photonic Nanomaterials and Devices for Digital Photomedicine via Neuro-Immune Cross-Talks.

The nervous and immune systems are closely interconnected, and influence the onset and progress of various diseases. Accordingly, understanding the interaction of the neural system and the immune system becomes very important for the treatment of intractable diseases with the analysis of therapeutic mechanisms, such as autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and so on. The conventional immunomodulation treatments have been mainly carried out by drug administration, but they have suffered from systemic negative side-effects with only limited effects on the specific disease.

The ZFP36 family of RNA binding proteins regulates homeostatic and autoreactive T cell responses.

RNA binding proteins are important regulators of T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. The zinc finger protein 36 (ZFP36) family genes (, , and ) encode RNA binding proteins that promote the degradation of transcripts containing AU-rich elements. Numerous studies have demonstrated both individual and shared functions of the ZFP36 family in immune cells, but their collective function in T cells remains unclear.

Cerebral angiographic features of central retinal artery occlusion patients treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis.

Background: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an ischemic stroke of the eye. The atherosclerotic lesions in the intracranial segment of the carotid artery (CA) and the ophthalmic artery (OphA) are not well defined. We aimed to investigate the cerebral angiographic features of CRAO patients and assess the relationship between the angiographic features and outcomes after intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT).

Assessment of Trends in the Incidence Rates of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion in Korea From 2002 to 2015.

Importance: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is associated with and shares common risk factors with cardiovascular diseases. Over the past several decades, the incidence rates of stroke and ischemic heart disease have substantially decreased in high-income industrialized countries. However, little is known regarding current trends in CRAO incidence rates.

TEMPORAL CHANGES OF PARAFOVEAL MICROVASCULATURE AFTER EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE SURGERY: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study.

Purpose: To investigate whether the parafoveal capillary architecture predicts clinical course and visual outcomes after epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery.

Methods: A total of 71 eyes of 71 patients treated with vitrectomy for idiopathic ERM were enrolled. The parafoveal capillary displacement and fractal geometries were compared according to the stage of ERM.

YAP/TAZ regulates sprouting angiogenesis and vascular barrier maturation.

Angiogenesis is a multistep process that requires coordinated migration, proliferation, and junction formation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) to form new vessel branches in response to growth stimuli. Major intracellular signaling pathways that regulate angiogenesis have been well elucidated, but key transcriptional regulators that mediate these signaling pathways and control EC behaviors are only beginning to be understood. Here, we show that YAP/TAZ, a transcriptional coactivator that acts as an end effector of Hippo signaling, is critical for sprouting angiogenesis and vascular barrier formation and maturation.

Actin remodeling confers BRAF inhibitor resistance to melanoma cells through YAP/TAZ activation.

The activation of transcriptional coactivators YAP and its paralog TAZ has been shown to promote resistance to anti-cancer therapies. YAP/TAZ activity is tightly coupled to actin cytoskeleton architecture. However, the influence of actin remodeling on cancer drug resistance remains largely unexplored.

Myosin heavy chain 10 (MYH10) is required for centriole migration during the biogenesis of primary cilia.

The actin cytoskeleton has been implicated in the assembly of cilia, but roles of actin-dependent motor proteins in ciliogenesis remain unclear. Myosin heavy chain 10 (MYH10), one of the isoforms of non-muscle myosin II, is known to mediate centrosome reorientation during cell migration. Here we show that MYH10 is required for centriole migration to the apical plasma membrane, which occurs at the onset of ciliogenesis.

Actin remodelling factors control ciliogenesis by regulating YAP/TAZ activity and vesicle trafficking.

Primary cilia exert a profound impact on cell signalling and cell cycle progression. Recently, actin cytoskeleton destabilization has been recognized as a dominant inducer of ciliogenesis, but the exact mechanisms regulating ciliogenesis remain poorly understood. Here we show that the actin cytoskeleton remodelling controls ciliogenesis by regulating transcriptional coactivator YAP/TAZ as well as ciliary vesicle trafficking.

Validity and reliability of head posture measurement using Microsoft Kinect.

Aims: To investigate the validity and reliability of Microsoft Kinect-based head tracker (KHT) for measuring head posture.

Methods: Considering the cervical range of motion (CROM) as a reference, one-dimensional and three-dimensional (1D and 3D) head postures of 12 normal subjects (28-58 years of age; 6 women and 6 men) were obtained using the KHT. The KHT was validated by Pearson's correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient.

Ocular findings in children with single umbilical artery: a case series of 14 children.

Purpose: Single umbilical artery (SUA) is the most common malformation of the umbilical cord. However, there have been no studies on the ocular findings in SUA, except for one case report. This study aimed to investigate the ocular findings in children with SUA.

Long-term temporal changes of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness before and after panretinal photocoagulation in severe diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To analyze the long-term changes of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness before and after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in patients with severe diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: In this retrospective observational case series, we reviewed the records of 46 patients (68 eyes) with severe diabetic retinopathy, who were treated with PRP and could be followed for more than 6 months. Peripapillary RNFL thickness and foveal thickness were measured at baseline, 3-month intervals until 1 year post-PRP, and 6- to 12-month intervals after 1 year post-PRP using optical coherence tomography.

Nintendo Wii remote controllers for head posture measurement: accuracy, validity, and reliability of the infrared optical head tracker.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy, validity, and reliability of a newly developed infrared optical head tracker (IOHT) using Nintendo Wii remote controllers (WiiMote; Nintendo Co. Ltd., Kyoto, Japan) for measurement of the angle of head posture.

Distance stereotest using a 3-dimensional monitor for adult subjects.

Purpose: To evaluate the validity and test-retest reliability of a contour-based 3-dimensional (3-D) monitor distance stereotest (distance 3-D stereotest) and to measure the maximum horizontal disparity that can be fused with disparity vergence for determining the largest measurable disparity of true stereopsis.

Design: Observational case series.

Methods: Sixty-four normal adult subjects (age range, 23 to 39 years) were recruited.

Combined photodynamic therapy and intravitreal bevacizumab injection for the treatment of adult Coats' disease: a case report.

A 68-year-old woman presented with a visual field defect in her right eye. The fundus of her right eye showed multiple telangiectatic vessels, retinal hemorrhages, and subretinal exudates in the inferior peripheral retina. Nine months later, the subretinal exudates extended to the fovea despite treatment with laser photocoagulation.

Long-term temporal changes of macular thickness and visual outcome after vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term correlation of visual outcome and macular thickness after vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane and to identify prognostic factors for good visual outcome.

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

Methods: We reviewed the records of 52 patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane who were treated with vitrectomy and could be followed up for more than 12 months.