Nanoparticle-based methionine and AICAR delivery elicits a robust antitumor immune response.

Immunotherapy uses the immune system's intrinsic defense mechanisms to destroy malignancies and has garnered increasing interest in recent years. The main objectives of immunotherapy are activating immune cells and forming a strong antitumor immune response. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecology full of chemicals that can substantially affect immune cell activity, especially the function of CD4 T cells.

Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Red Alga (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales, Phyllophoraceae) and Its Phylogenetic Analysis.

Red algae are recognized for their health-promoting bioactive substances and dietary fibers, making them important as functional food. In order to identify species and determine phylogenetic relationships, mitochondrial genes serve as important markers. Thus, this study sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of , compared with Phyllophoraceae species, and performs phylogenetic analysis to reveal its evolutionary position.

ATG14 expression and its role in autophagy-mediated response to nervous necrosis virus in sevenband grouper (Hyporthodus septemfasciatus).

Autophagy is a crucial mechanism that regulates cellular homeostasis and eliminates viruses by degrading intracellular substances. However, excessive autophagy can contribute to the development of diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Some viruses exploit the autophagic process to their advantage during replication, thereby harming the host.

A quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach for distinguishing the geographical origin of from Korea and Japan.

Unlabelled: Illegal distribution and mislabeling of imported fishery products pose challenges to country-of-origin labeling regulations in Korea. To address this issue, a quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based method was developed to distinguish from Korea and Japan. Using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were identified, and allele-specific primers were designed.

Performance evaluation of ceramic and polymeric membrane application in hybrid system (membranes + O/UV) for pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) removal from hospital wastewater.

This study investigates the suitability of a hybrid system combining membrane filtration and ozone oxidation for efficiently treating pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in hospital wastewater. Two feedstocks, untreated (F-1) and biologically treated wastewater (F-2), were used to determine the optimal system location for maximizing PPCPs reduction. F-2 application was found to be more effective based on the observed reaction rate constant, membrane performance, and structural transitions.

Impact of 2D lanthanum sheets and iron oxide dendrites composites on phosphate recovery from wastewater.

Eutrophication and phosphorus depletion are the major concerns that have received increasing global attention. This study investigates the adsorption behaviour of phosphate onto α-FeO dendrites, composited with 2D lanthanum sheets adsorbents through comprehensive material characterization and kinetic experiments. The adsorbent was characterized using different analytical techniques to elucidate its structural, morphological, and surface properties.

Dual Disruption of DNA Repair by a Novel CHK2 Inhibitor, ART-446, and Olaparib is a Promising Strategy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer subtype lacking targeted therapies and is characterized by high recurrence rates and poor prognosis. Recent advances in targeting DNA damage response (DDR) pathways using poly (ADP‒ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors offer promising therapeutic strategies, especially for TNBC patients with BRCA1/2 mutations. This study reports the development and characterization of ART-446, a novel and selective CHK2 inhibitor.

Comparative analysis of novel modified drug delivery systems for improving the oral bioavailability of water-insoluble tadalafil using copovidone, TPGS and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin.

This study aims to develop novel modified drug delivery systems (MDDS) including solid dispersions, solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) and inclusion compound (IC) of poorly water-soluble tadalafil using various biological macromolecules and compare their ability to improve solubility, dissolution and bioavailability. Ingredients of MDDS were extensively screened using SEM, DSC, and XRD. The MDDS were testified for improved solubilization, dissolution, and bioavailability and were compared with tadalafil powder and commercial product (Cialis tablets 20 mg).

Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Red Algae Chondracanthus tenellus (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) from South Korea.

Red algae are widely used as a source of health-promoting bioactive compounds and dietary fibers in health foods. The identification and classification of red algal species based on morphological and molecular characteristics is challenging because of the similarity of the thallus and its high degree of plasticity and because complete mitochondrial genomes have only been reported for a few species. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequencing of the red macroalga Chondracanthus tenellus (Harvey) (Hommersand et al.

Complete Mitochondrial Genome of (Perciformes: Niphonidae): Genome Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis.

The species (Cuvier, 1829) is the only representative of the family Niphonidae and the genus , and its taxonomic history is complicated; it is still unclear in a phylogenetic sense. In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of (OP391482), which was determined to be 16,503 bp long with biased A + T contents (53.8%) using next-generation technology.

Fabrication and functional validation of a hybrid biomimetic nanovaccine (HBNV) against -mutant melanoma.

Cancer nanovaccines hold the promise for personalization, precision, and pliability by integrating all the elements essential for effective immune stimulation. An effective immune response requires communication and interplay between antigen-presenting cells (APCs), tumor cells, and immune cells to stimulate, extend, and differentiate antigen-specific and non-specific anti-tumor immune cells. The versatility of nanomedicine can be adapted to deliver both immunoadjuvant payloads and antigens from the key players in immunity (i.

Comparison of Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Systems and Surface-Coated Microspheres: Improving Oral Bioavailability of Niclosamide.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) and surface-coated microspheres to improve the oral bioavailability of niclosamide.

Methods: A solubility screening study showed that liquid SNEDDS, prepared using an optimized volume ratio of corn oil, Cremophor RH40, and Tween 80 (20:24:56), formed nanoemulsions with the smallest droplet size. Niclosamide was incorporated into this liquid SNEDDS and spray-dried with calcium silicate to produce solid SNEDDS.

Safety Assessment of Camelid-Derived Single-Domain Antibody as Feed Additive for Juvenile Whiteleg Shrimp () Against White Spot Syndrome Virus.

A six-week feeding trial was conducted to assess the safety of single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) derived from camelids against the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) (WSSVvp28 was used as the antigen), focusing on the whole-organism responses and molecular-level changes in juvenile whiteleg shrimp (). Five experimental diets with varying levels of sdAbs were formulated: CON (no sdAb supplementation); SDA (8.20% of sdAbs); SDA (16.

Effect of Endurance Exercise Training on Gut Microbiota and ER Stress.

Regular exercise as part of one's lifestyle is well-recognized for its beneficial effect on several diseases such as cardiovascular disease and obesity; however, many questions remain unanswered regarding the effects of exercise on the gut environment. This study aimed to investigate the impact of long-term endurance exercise on modulating inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Fifteen-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to six months of endurance treadmill training, while age-matched controls remained sedentary.

Recent progress in cancer vaccines and nanovaccines.

Vaccine science, nanotechnology, and immunotherapy are at the forefront of cancer treatment strategies, each offering significant potential for enhancing tumor-specific immunity and establishing long-lasting immune memory to prevent tumor recurrence. Despite the promise of these personalized and precision-based anti-cancer approaches, challenges such as immunosuppression, suboptimal immune activation, and T-cell exhaustion continue to hinder their effectiveness. The limited clinical success of cancer vaccines often stems from difficulties in identifying effective antigens, efficiently targeting immune cells, lymphoid organs, and the tumor microenvironment, overcoming immune evasion, enhancing immunogenicity, and avoiding lysosomal degradation.

Injectable dual thermoreversible hydrogel for sustained intramuscular drug delivery.

Herein, we reported novel docetaxel-decorated solid lipid nanoparticle (DCT-SLN)-loaded dual thermoreversible system (DCT-DRTS) for intramuscular administration with reduced burst effect, sustained release and improved antitumor efficacy. The optimized DCT-DRTs was subjected to in-vitro and in-vivo analyses. Antitumor evaluation of the DCT-DRTS was executed and compared with DCT-hydrogel, and DCT-suspension trailed by the histopathological and immune-histochemical analyses.

Optimization of turbidity removal and floc formation for ballasted flocculation using magnetite-based agents by response surface methodology.

In this study, a static mixer was used as an alternative to the existing flash mixing method for ballasted flocculation to assess the turbidity removal and ballasted floc formation characteristics. Synthetic magnetite exhibits excellent properties, such as high specific gravity, hydrophobicity, and wear resistance, making it a suitable ballast agent (BA). The experimental design was optimized using the response surface methodology.

Comparison of two self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems using different solidification techniques for enhanced solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble celecoxib.

In this study, we aimed to develop a solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) and a solid self-nanoemulsifying granule system (S-SNEGS) to enhance the solubility and oral bioavailability of celecoxib. This process involved the preparation of a liquid SNEDDS (L-SNEDDS) and its subsequent solidification into a S-SNEDDS and a S-SNEGS. The L-SNEDDS consisted of celecoxib (drug), Captex® 355 (Captex; oil), Tween® 80 (Tween 80; surfactant) and D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS; cosurfactant) in a weight ratio of 3.

Endogenous stem cell mobilization and localized immunosuppression synergistically ameliorate DSS-induced Colitis in mice.

Background: Stem cell therapy is a promising alternative for inflammatory diseases and tissue injury treatment. Exogenous delivery of mesenchymal stem cells is associated with instant blood-mediated inflammatory reactions, mechanical stress during administration, and replicative senescence or change in phenotype during long-term culture in vitro. In this study, we aimed to mobilize endogenous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) using AMD-3100 and provide local immune suppression using FK506, an immunosuppressive drug, for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.