Comparative analysis of novel modified drug delivery systems for improving the oral bioavailability of water-insoluble tadalafil using copovidone, TPGS and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin.

This study aims to develop novel modified drug delivery systems (MDDS) including solid dispersions, solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) and inclusion compound (IC) of poorly water-soluble tadalafil using various biological macromolecules and compare their ability to improve solubility, dissolution and bioavailability. Ingredients of MDDS were extensively screened using SEM, DSC, and XRD. The MDDS were testified for improved solubilization, dissolution, and bioavailability and were compared with tadalafil powder and commercial product (Cialis tablets 20 mg).

Recent advances in electrochemical detection of reactive oxygen species: a review.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mainly generated as a result of cellular metabolism in plants and animals, playing a crucial role in cellular signaling mechanisms. The excessive generation of ROS leads to oxidative stress, which is associated with numerous diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Superoxide (O˙), hydrogen peroxide (HO), and hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) are the most common ROS involved in a wide range of human diseases.

A non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on cerium metal-organic frameworks, hemin, and graphene oxide composite.

This study presents the development of a novel non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensor for the real-time detection of hydrogen peroxide (HO) based on a composite of cerium metal-organic frameworks (Ce-MOFs), hemin, and graphene oxide (GO). The Ce-MOFs served as an efficient matrix for hemin encapsulation, while GO enhanced the conductivity of the composite. Characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the successful integration of hemin into the Ce-MOFs.

Effects of flow-induced electromagnetic field and surface roughness on antifouling activity of phenolic compounds.

Microbial fouling involves the physicochemical interactions between microorganisms and solid surfaces. An electromagnetic field (EMF) may change the diffusion rates of microbial cells and the electrical double layer around the cells and contacting surfaces. In the current study, polycardanol exhibiting antibiofouling activity was modified with ferromagnetic iron oxide (IO) to investigate the EMF effects on bacterial adhesion.

A novel ACE2-Based electrochemical biosensor for sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2.

SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019 and quickly spread globally, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and socio-economic disruptions. As of now, collaborative global efforts in vaccination and the advent of novel diagnostic tools have considerably curbed the spread and impact of the virus in many regions. Despite this progress, the demand remains for low-cost, accurate, rapid and scalable diagnostic tools to reduce the influence of SARS-CoV-2.

Reduced Glutathione-Modified Electrode for the Detection of Hydroxyl Free Radicals.

Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are known as essential chemicals for cells to maintain their normal functions and defensive responses. However, a high concentration of •OH may cause oxidative stress-related diseases, such as cancer, inflammation, and cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, •OH can be used as a biomarker to detect the onset of these disorders at an early stage.

Polysaccharide-Based Composite Scaffolds for Osteochondral and Enthesis Regeneration.

The rotator cuff and Achilles tendons along with the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are frequently injured with limited healing capacity. At the soft-hard tissue interface, enthesis is prone to get damaged and its regeneration in osteochondral defects is essential for complete healing. The current clinical techniques used in suturing procedures to reattach tendons to bones need much improvement for the generation of the native interface tissue, that is, enthesis, for patients to regain their full functions.

Rheological properties and decomposition rates of Gellan gum/hyaluronic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate mixtures.

The effects of β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) on the mixture of low acyl gellan gum (LA-GAGR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were investigated for the rheological properties and decomposition rates. All the tested mixture samples exhibited shear-thinning and typical viscoelastic behaviors. The sample made with 1.

Comparison of Three Different Aqueous Microenvironments for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Sildenafil: Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System, Amorphous Microspheres and Crystalline Microspheres.

Background: The purpose of this study was to screen various drug delivery systems for improving the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of sildenafil. Three representative techniques, solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS), amorphous microspheres and crystalline microspheres, were compared.

Methods: Both microspheres systems contained sildenafil:Labrasol:PVP at a weight ratio of 1:1:6.

Molecular weight effects of low acyl gellan gum on antioxidant capacity and rheological properties.

The current study investigated the antioxidant capacity of enzymatically cleaved low acyl gellan gum (LA-GAGR) fragments, named midi-GAGR (MW : 1.2 × 10  Da) and mini-GAGR (MW : 2.5 × 10  Da).

Adsorption Kinetics of Glycated Hemoglobin on Aptamer Microarrays with Antifouling Surface Modification.

Aptamers are oligonucleotides that bind with high affinity to target molecules of interest. One such target is glycated hemoglobin (gHb), a biomarker for assessing glycemic control and diabetes diagnosis. By the coupling of aptamers with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing surfaces, a fast, reliable and inexpensive assay for gHb can be developed.

Supersensitive CeO-based nanocomposite sensor for the electrochemical detection of hydroxyl free radicals.

It is well known that an excess of hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) in the human body is responsible for oxidative stress-related diseases. An understanding of the relationship between the concentration of ˙OH and those diseases could contribute to better diagnosis and prevention. Here we present a supersensitive nanosensor integrated with an electrochemical method to measure the concentration of ˙OH in vitro.

Detection Technologies for Reactive Oxygen Species: Fluorescence and Electrochemical Methods and Their Applications.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been found in plants, mammals, and natural environmental processes. The presence of ROS in mammals has been linked to the development of severe diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, tumors, and several neurodegenerative conditions. The most common ROS involved in human health are superoxide (O), hydrogen peroxide (HO), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH).

Comparative study between high-pressure homogenisation and Shirasu porous glass membrane technique in sildenafil base-loaded solid SNEDDS: Effects on physicochemical properties and in vivo characteristics.

The purpose of this study was to compare two types of emulsification techniques in a solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS); high-pressure homogenisation (HPH) and Shirasu porous glass membrane (SPG). Those two emulsification processes enhanced the solubility, dissolution and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble sildenafil base (SB) by producing fine and well-dispersed nanoemulsion droplet. The liquid SNEDDS consisting of Labrasol/Transcutol HP/coconut oil at the weight of 72/18/10, gave the smallest emulsion droplet size among the prepared liquid SNEDDS formulations.

Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals Using Cerium Oxide/Graphene Oxide Composite on Prussian Blue.

A composite sensor consisting of two separate inorganic layers of Prussian blue (PB) and the composite of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) and graphene oxide (GO), is tested with •OH radicals. The signals from the interaction between the composite layers and •OH radicals are characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The degradation of PB in the presence of HO and •OH radicals is observed and its impact on the sensor efficiency is investigated.

Peptide Nanotube Encapsulated Enzyme Biosensor for Vapor Phase Detection of Malathion, an Organophosphorus Compound.

This study explores the use of a butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)-based, reversible reaction biosensor using screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) having a smaller working surface area than the single-use electrodes previously studied. Previous research demonstrated the prospective application of a single-use biosensor fabricated with an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme encapsulated in peptide nanotubes (PNTs) and enhanced with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to detect organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) in aqueous and gas phases. In the current study, potential improvements to the biosensor are investigated.

Comparison of 1-Palmitoyl-2-Linoleoyl-3-Acetyl-Rac-Glycerol-Loaded Self-Emulsifying Granule and Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: Powder Property, Dissolution and Oral Bioavailability.

The main objective of this study was to compare the powder property, dissolution and bioavailability of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG)-loaded self-emulsifying granule system (SEGS) and solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS). Various SEGS formulations were prepared, and the effect of surfactant and binder on the drug solubility in them, leading to selecting sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). The SEGS and SNEDDS were prepared with PLAG/SLS/HPMC/calcium silicate/microcrystalline cellulose at the weight ratio of 1:0.

Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for improved oral delivery and photostability of methotrexate.

The objective of this study was to exploit a novel methotrexate (MTX)-loaded solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) with enhanced bioavailability and photostability. The optimized liquid SMEDDS was composed of castor oil, Tween 80, and Plurol diisostearique at a voluminous ratio of 27:63:10. The solid SMEDDS was formulated by spray drying liquid SMEDDS with the solid carrier (calcium silicate).

Revaprazan-loaded surface-modified solid dispersion: physicochemical characterization and in vivo evaluation.

The purpose of this research was to develop a novel revaprazan-loaded surface-modified solid dispersion (SMSD) with improved drug solubility and oral bioavailability. The impact of carriers on aqueous solubility of revaprazan was investigated. HPMC and Cremophor A25 were selected as an appropriate polymer and surfactant, respectively, due to their high drug solubility.

Mini-GAGR, an intranasally applied polysaccharide, activates the neuronal Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense system.

Oxidative stress triggers and exacerbates neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Various antioxidants reduce oxidative stress, but these agents have little efficacy due to poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Additionally, single-modal antioxidants are easily overwhelmed by global oxidative stress.

Development of a novel celecoxib-loaded nanosuspension using a wet media milling process.

To develop a novel celecoxib (CXB)-loaded drug delivery system, numerous nanosuspensions were prepared with various polymers and surfactants using a wet media milling process, and their particle sizes were subsequently determined. A 24 full factorial design was used to identify the most appropriate preparation conditions. Pharmacokinetics of the selected nanosuspension were performed in rats and compared with those of a drug powder and a commercial CXB-loaded product.

Novel revaprazan-loaded gelatin microsphere with enhanced drug solubility and oral bioavailability.

To develop a novel revaprazan-loaded gelatine microsphere with enhanced solubility and oral bioavailability, numerous gelatine microspheres were prepared using a spray-drying technique. The impact of gelatine amount on drug solubility in the gelatine microspheres was investigated. The physicochemical properties of the selected gelatine microsphere, such as shape, particle size and crystallinity, were evaluated.

Development of a docetaxel micellar formulation using poly(ethylene glycol)-polylactide-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PLA-PEG) with successful reconstitution for tumor targeted drug delivery.

Docetaxel (DTX)-loaded polymeric micelles (DTBM) were formulated using the triblock copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-polylactide-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PLA-PEG), to comprehensively study their pharmaceutical application as anticancer nanomedicine. DTBM showed a stable formulation of anticancer nanomedicine that could be reconstituted after lyophilization (DTBM-R) in the presence of PEG 2000 and D-mannitol (Man) as surfactant and protectant, respectively. DTBM-R showed a particle size less than 150 nm and greater than 90% of DTX recovery after reconstitution.

Comparison of a revaprazan-loaded solid dispersion, solid SNEDDS and inclusion compound: Physicochemical characterisation and pharmacokinetics.

The aim of this research was to compare three strategies for enhancing the solubility of poorly water-soluble revaprazan hydrochloride: solid dispersion, solid SNEDDS and inclusion compound. The influence of polymers, surfactants and oils on the drug solubility was assessed, and via the chosen carriers, the three types of formulations were prepared utilising spray drying technique. Their physicochemical properties, solubility, dissolution and pharmacokinetics in rats were performed compared with revaprazan powder.