Limitation of super-resolution machine learning approach to precipitation downscaling.

The present study explores the potential of super-resolution machine learning (ML) models for precipitation downscaling from 100 to 12.5 km at hourly timescale using the Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM) data over the Australian domain. Two approaches were examined: the perfect approach, which trains the ML model using coarsened high-resolution data as input (i.

Factors Associated with New Nurse Turnover.

Job persistence among nurses is essential for optimal, safe functioning of the health-care system. Though the acute effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have abated, first-year nurse turnover remains high. To determine the best ways to encourage new nurses to stay in their positions, we must first understand why they are leaving.

Detecting delirium in Parkinson's disease: an evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of bedside tools.

Background: Delirium is a serious, acute neuropsychiatric condition associated with fluctuating attention and altered arousal. Delirium in Parkinson's disease (PD) is common but often missed in hospital due to shared clinical features. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of current tools used to identify delirium in inpatients with PD.

Influence of cannabis and alcohol on motor vehicle injury severity in Canadian trauma centres: a prospective study.

Background: Alcohol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (main impairing ingredient of cannabis) are both crash contributors that interfere with motor vehicle operation. However, the relationship between drug concentration and crash injury severity is unclear for either drug. We aim to clarify the relationship between blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and crash injury severity, based on healthcare system utilisation, with and without THC.

Race, Ethnicity, Neighborhood Disparities and Palliative Care Utilization: Retrospective Cohort Study.

BackgroundHistorically palliative care(PC) is utilized less in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black(NHB) persons compared to non-Hispanic White(NHW). The potential for community and social factors to be fundamental to the disproportionality of disease burden and PC utilization is worthy of exploration.AimExplore the collective impact of race, ethnicity, and neighborhood disadvantage on PC utilization.

Questionable Research Practices: Cherry Picking.

In keeping with the focus on questionable research practices in 2025, this entry of the Methodology Corner calls attention to the practice of cherry picking. Studies subject to cherry picking have the potential to introduce inaccurate information into the nurse education literature. This column highlights a few recommendations our community might utilize to help dissuade the practice of cherry picking.

The Mental Health Bill (2025) for England and Wales: professional and carer consensus statement summarising concerns and unintended consequences from proposed changes to autism and learning disability.

The Mental Health Bill, 2025, proposes to remove autism and learning disability from the scope of Section 3 of the Mental Health Act, 1983 (MHA). The present article represents a professional and carer consensus statement that raises concerns and identifies probable unintended consequences if this proposal becomes law. Our concerns relate to the lack of clear mandate for such proposals, conceptual inconsistency when considering other conditions that might give rise to a need for detention and the inconsistency in applying such changes to Part II of the MHA but not Part III.

Synthetic host defense peptide inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication .

Although myriads of potential antiviral agents have been tested against SARS-CoV-2, only a handful have proven to be effective in clinical trials. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many known or novel peptides were evaluated for their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication; however, testing of D-enantiomers that resist body and viral proteases has been limited. Here, we characterized the ability of D-3006, a D-enantiomeric synthetic host defense peptide, to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication .

ALS-ENABLE: creating synergy and opportunity at the Advanced Light Source synchrotron structural biology beamlines.

ALS-ENABLE is an integrated NIH P30 resource at the Advanced Light Source synchrotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California, USA. The resource provides a single portal to the combined mature structural biology technologies of macromolecular crystallography, small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray footprinting mass spectrometry, and includes beamlines 2.0.

Damage control thoracotomy trends, techniques, and outcomes: An EAST multicenter trial.

Background: Damage-control thoracotomy (DCT) lacks evidence regarding frequency of use, optimal technique, and outcomes. This Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter trial aimed to examine DCT usage over the last decade, evaluate types of temporary closure, and assess associated outcomes.

Methods: An international retrospective cohort study of thoracotomies from 2008 to 2020 at 25 centers was performed.

Mechanistic Insights and Future Directions for Enfortumab Vedotin in Urothelial Carcinoma: Highlights from the 10th Annual Leo & Anne Albert Institute for Bladder Cancer Care and Research Symposium.

Enfortumab vedotin (EV) in combination with pembrolizumab (P) has led to a new paradigm for the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Since the presentation of the results of the EV-302 trial at the European Society of Medical Oncology 2023 annual meeting, the entire treatment landscape for mUC has been upended. At the 2024 Albert Symposium, we reviewed ongoing research investigating predictive biomarkers for EV response and resistance as well as clinical trials exploring the potential role for EV in different clinical disease states including non-muscle invasive and muscle-invasive disease.

Impact of rapid genomic testing on clinical outcomes of acutely unwell children presenting with severe epilepsy.

Unlabelled: About 30% of epilepsy patients remain unresponsive to standard antiseizure treatment. Increasing evidence suggests that genetic epilepsies may respond better to targeted management. In this study, we therefore evaluate the therapeutic benefits of rapid genetic testing in children with severe epilepsy.

Healthcare and productivity costs among Canadian road trauma survivors over the year following injury.

Understanding the economic burden of road trauma (RT) can support healthcare and traffic policy. This prospective cohort study enrolled 1480 RT survivors in British Columbia, Canada. Healthcare and lost productivity costs were estimated in 2023 Canadian dollars.

Detection of Airborne Spores Using Lightweight Portable Air Samplers Affixed to Uncrewed Aircraft Systems in California's Central Valley.

Coccidioidomycosis is an emerging fungal infection caused by inhalation of spp. spores. While airborne dispersal is critical to transmission, limited recovery of the pathogen from air has hindered understanding of the aerosolization and transport of spores.

4-Methylpyrazole-mediated inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 protects renal epithelial cells, but not bladder cancer cells, from cisplatin toxicity.

Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of bladder cancer, though cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) occurs in ∼20% to 30% of patients, limiting its clinical use. Evidence has shown that cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), a drug metabolism enzyme expressed in proximal tubules, mediates the production of reactive oxygen species during cisplatin-induced injury. Previously, we showed that the repurposed drug 4-methylpyrazole (4MP) blocks CYP2E1 activity.

Characterizing the Soil Microbial Community Associated with the Fungal Pathogen .

Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal disease affecting humans and other mammals caused by environmental pathogens of the genus . Human exposure to the pathogen occurs via inhalation of spores aerosolized from soil. Thus, understanding the ecological factors that shape the distribution of in soils is important for minimizing the risk of human exposure, though this task remains challenging due to the pathogen's highly variable spatial distribution.

Bladder Preservation Strategies in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Recommendations from the International Bladder Cancer Group.

Background And Objective: Patient-centric management necessitates providing care aligned with patients' values, preferences, and expressed needs. Therefore, critical assessment of bladder preservation therapies (BPTs) as alternatives to radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and practical recommendations on the optimal selection of patients for BPTs are needed urgently.

Methods: A global committee of bladder cancer experts was assembled to develop BPT recommendations for MIBC.

Prevalence of Impairing Substance Use in Injured Drivers.

Importance: Impaired driving is an important public health issue, but its prevalence is challenging to monitor.

Objectives: To report the prevalence of alcohol, cannabis, recreational drugs, and sedating medications in injured Canadian drivers, identify demographic and collision factors associated with drug or alcohol use, and compare the prevalence of drug-involved driving in different parts of Canada.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study prospectively obtained blood samples from injured drivers treated in 15 Canadian trauma centers and measured blood levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; the main impairing compound in cannabis), alcohol, stimulants, opioids, and depressants from January 2019 to June 2023.

Holo-omics disentangle drought response and biotic interactions among plant, endophyte and pathogen.

Holo-omics provide a novel opportunity to study the interactions among fungi from different functional guilds in host plants in field conditions. We address the entangled responses of plant pathogenic and endophytic fungi associated with sorghum when droughted through the assembly of the most abundant fungal, endophyte genome from rhizospheric metagenomic sequences followed by a comparison of its metatranscriptome with the host plant metabolome and transcriptome. The rise in relative abundance of endophytic Acremonium persicinum (operational taxonomic unit 5 (OTU5)) in drought co-occurs with a rise in fungal membrane dynamics and plant metabolites, led by ethanolamine, a key phospholipid membrane component.

Variation in perioperative practice in elective colorectal cancer surgery: opportunities for quality improvement.

Background: Understanding the variation in perioperative care across a population is fundamental to improving the management and outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer. Currently, there is limited individual patient level data available to assess this variation. Therefore, as part of an improvement programme, we conducted an audit to understand perioperative care.

Reversible Small Molecule Multivariant Ras Inhibitors Display Tunable Affinity for the Active and Inactive Forms of Ras.

Activating mutations of Ras are one of the most prevalent drivers of cancer and are often associated with poor clinical outcomes. Despite FDA approval for two irreversible inhibitors that target the inactive state of KRas, significant unmet clinical need still exists, and the susceptibility of non-G12C mutants to inactive-state inhibition remains unclear. Here we report the discovery of a novel series of reversible inhibitors that bind in an enlarged version of the switch I-II pocket with nanomolar affinities.

Ultrasensitive, Real-Time Detection of Viral Antigens and RNA Enabled by Scalable Graphene-Based FET Sensors for Pathogen Detection: A Case Study on COVID-19.

Herein, a novel and simple electrospray (ES) printing technique was developed for the fabrication of ultrathin graphene layers with precisely controlled nanometer-scale thickness, where graphene oxide (GO) was electrosprayed on wafers and subsequently chemically reduced into reduced GO (rGO). Utilizing that technique, we prepared ultrathin rGO in-plane graphene field-effect transistor (GFET)-based biosensors coupled with a portable prototype measuring system for point-of-care detection of pathogens. We illustrate the use of such prepared GFETs to detect COVID-19, using the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein antigen (N-protein) and genomic viral RNA as detection targets.