5-aminoindole restrained larval growth and chitin biosynthesis via depressing TPS activity in Hyphantria cunea.

Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is a key enzyme responsible for catalyzing the biosynthesis of trehalose in insects, and its multiple functions related to trehalose metabolism have been well established. In contrast, research on insect TPS inhibitors has received less attention. Previously 5-aminoindole had been reported to possess a potent inhibition on the TPS of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but it is not clear whether it has an inhibitory effect on insect TPS.

HcTRET1 is critical for epidermal chitin synthesis in Hyphantria cunea.

In insects, trehalose is critical for growth and development, as well as environmental stress response, which is mainly transported by trehalose transporters (TRETs). Over nearly two decades, the physiological functions of TRETs in insect growth, development, reproduction and environmental stress response have been well elucidated. However, the role of TRETs in chitin synthesis remains not fully understood.

Molecular and pharmacological characterization of the dopamine receptors in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis.

Dopamine (DA) is a critical molecule within the insect nervous system, known to regulate a myriad of physiological functions and instigate behavioral shifts in insects. It exerts its effects by interacting with specific dopamine receptors (DARs). In this study, three DARs cDNAs from Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (BdDOP1, BdDOP2 and BdDOP3) were cloned using molecular biology techniques.

PD-1 inhibitors improve the efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with apatinib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

Background: The efficacy of adding programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with apatinib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of incorporating PD-1 inhibitors into TACE combined with apatinib.

Methods: Relevant literature on TACE combined with apatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors for advanced HCC was searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases.

Enhancing Coronary Revascularization Prediction: Insights From Fat Attenuation Index (FAI) of Pericoronary Adipose Tissue and CT-derived Fractional Flow Reserve (CT-FFR).

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of the fat attenuation index (FAI) of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) and fractional flow reserve derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (CT-FFR) in predicting coronary revascularization.

Methods: Patients with known or suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and subsequent invasive coronary angiography (ICA) were screened. FAI, lesion-specific CT-FFR, and distal-tip CT-FFR were analyzed by core laboratories blinded to patient management.

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy enhances the efficacy of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

Background: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) was an effective treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its effectiveness in combination with targeted immunotherapy regimens was controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of adding HAIC to lenvatinib in combination with programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors.

Methods: Literature related to the efficacy of HAIC in combination with lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors in the treatment of advanced HCC was searched through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases.

Dual roles of dopaminergic pathways in olfactory learning and memory in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis.

Dopamine (DA) is a key regulator of associative learning and memory in both vertebrates and invertebrates, and it is widely believed that DA plays a key role in aversive conditioning in invertebrates. However, the idea that DA is involved only in aversive conditioning has been challenged in recent studies on the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), ants and crabs, suggesting diverse functions of DA modulation on associative plasticity. Here, we present the results of DA modulation in aversive olfactory conditioning with DEET punishment and appetitive olfactory conditioning with sucrose reward in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis.

VIDAR-Based Road-Surface-Pothole-Detection Method.

This paper presents a VIDAR (a Vision-IMU based detection and ranging method)-based approach to road-surface pothole detection. Most potholes on the road surface are caused by the further erosion of cracks in the road surface, and tires, wheels and bearings of vehicles are damaged to some extent as they pass through the potholes. To ensure the safety and stability of vehicle driving, we propose a VIDAR-based pothole-detection method.

Obstacle Detection Method Based on RSU and Vehicle Camera Fusion.

Road obstacle detection is an important component of intelligent assisted driving technology. Existing obstacle detection methods ignore the important direction of generalized obstacle detection. This paper proposes an obstacle detection method based on the fusion of roadside units and vehicle mounted cameras and illustrates the feasibility of a combined monocular camera inertial measurement unit (IMU) and roadside unit (RSU) detection method.

Trends in the rate of regular exercise among adults: results from chronic disease and risk factor surveillance from 2010 to 2018 in Jiangsu, China.

Objective: The aims of this study were to estimate the rates of regular exercise and its trends among the adult population in Jiangsu, from 2010 to 2018, China, and to assess associations with sociodemographic factors.

Methods: Chronic disease and risk factor surveillance data from adults aged ≥18 years were gathered in Jiangsu Province from 2010 to 2018. Rates of regular exercise were calculated after post-stratification weighting, and time trends were compared among participants with different characteristics, including gender, age, urban-rural region, educational level, occupation, annual household income, body mass index (BMI), baseline self-reported chronic diseases, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and region.

Yeast cell membrane-camouflaged PLGA nanoparticle platform for enhanced cancer therapy.

Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral DNA-alkylating drug used in colorectal cancer (CRC) chemotherapy. In this work, we proposed a safe and biomimetic platform for macrophages-targeted delivery of TMZ and O-benzylguanine (O-BG). TMZ was loaded in poly (D, l-lactide-coglycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles, followed by sequential coating with O-BG-grafted chitosan (BG-CS) layers and yeast shell walls (YSW) via layer-by-layer assembly (LBL) process, forming TMZ@P-BG/YSW biohybrids.

Formation characteristics of long-term memory in Bactrocera dorsalis.

Studies on insects have contributed significantly to a better understanding of learning and memory, which is a necessary cognitive capability for all animals. Although the formation of memory has been studied in some model insects, more evidence is required to clarify the characteristics of memory formation, especially long-term memory (LTM), which is important for reliably storing information. Here, we explored this question by examining Bactrocera dorsalis, an agricultural pest with excellent learning abilities.

Volatile Dimethyl Disulfide from Guava Plants Regulate Developmental Performance of Asian Citrus Psyllid through Activation of Defense Responses in Neighboring Orange Plants.

Intercropping with guava ( L.) can assist with the management of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Kuwayama), the insect vector of the huanglongbing pathogen, in citrus orchards. Sulfur volatiles have a repellent activity and physiological effects, as well as being important components of guava volatiles.

Octopaminergic neurons function in appetitive but not aversive olfactory learning and memory in Bactrocera dorsalis.

The biogenic amine octopamine (OA, invertebrate counterpart of noradrenaline) plays critical roles in the regulation of olfactory behavior. Historically, OA has been thought to mediate appetitive but not aversive learning in honeybees, fruit flies (Drosophila), and crickets. However, this viewpoint has recently been challenged because OA activity through a β-adrenergic-like receptor drives both appetitive and aversive learning.

Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Senecavirus A isolates from Guangdong province, China.

Senecavirus A (SVA), an emerging swine pathogen, has been reported in many provinces of China since the first outbreak in 2015 in Guangdong province. In this study, 10 lymph nodes positive for SVA, collected between 2018 and 2019 from slaughterhouses in Guangdong province, were subjected to virus isolation. Rapid and evident cytopathic effects (CPEs) were observed in SVA-infected PK-15 cells, including shrinking, rounding and detaching, with peak titers being reached at 24 h post infection (hpi).

Unequal rewarding of three metabolizable sugars - sucrose, fructose and glucose - in olfactory learning and memory in .

Learning and memory are the most characterized advanced neurological activities of insects, which can associate information with food. Our previous studies on have shown that this fly can learn to evaluate the nutritional value of sugar rewards, although whether all metabolizable sugars are equally rewarding to flies is still unclear. To address this question, we used three sweet and metabolizable sugars - sucrose, fructose and glucose - as rewards for conditioning.

The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis learns and remembers sugar quality.

The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis can learn to associate an odor with a sugar reward. However, it is still unclear whether they will learn with different sugar rewards equally. Here, we used a proboscis extension conditioning procedure to investigate the contribution of taste and nutritional value of sugars to learning and memory formation.

[Intervention effect of berberine on expressions of TNF-alpha and receptor type I in Abeta25-35-induced inflammatory reaction in SH-SY5Y cell lines].

Objective: To investigate the effect of berberine on expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and receptor type I (TNFR1) in Abeta25-35-induced inflammatory reaction in SH-SYSY cell lines.

Method: The 5 micromol . L-1 Abeta25-35 was used to treat SH-SY5Y cells for 24 hours, in order to establish the Alzheimer's disease (AD) model.

[Improved fluorescence spectrometric determination of lipid content in Botryococcus braunii].

Botryococcus braunii is a unique colonial green microalga and a great potential renewable resource of liquid fuel because of its ability to produce lipids. Due to the dense cell colonies and rigidly thick cell wall of B. braunii, the traditional Nile red method is usually of low sensitivity and bad repeatability and hard for the determination of lipid content in the cells.