Dimensionality Effect of Nanocarbon Precursors on Diamond Synthesis under Extreme Conditions.

Diamond holds significant promise for a wide range of applications due to its exceptional physicochemical properties. Investigating the controlled diamond preparation from nanocarbon precursors with varying dimensionalities is crucial to optimize the transition conditions and even elucidate the daunting transformation mechanism, however, this remains outstanding challenge despite considerable effort. Herein, the imperative dimensionality effect of nanocarbon precursors on diamond synthesis and the physical mechanism under high temperature and high pressure is reported, by comparing the distinct transition processes of 0D carbon nanocages (CNCs) and 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from conventional graphite.

Electrochemical-Genetic Programming of Protein-Based Magnetic Soft Robots for Active Drug Delivery.

Magnetic soft robots have the potential to revolutionize the field of drug delivery owing to their capability to execute tasks in hard-to-reach regions of living organisms. Advancing their functionality to perform active drug delivery and related tasks necessitates the innovation of smart substrate materials that satisfy both mechanical and biocompatibility requirements while offering stimuli-responsive properties. Optimization of the interaction between the substrate and magnetic components is also critical as it ensures robust actuation of the robot in complex physiological environments.

High-resolution computed tomography with 1,024-matrix for artificial intelligence-based computer-aided diagnosis in the evaluation of pulmonary nodules.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) plays an important role in the diagnosis of lung nodules and early screening of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of 1,024×1,024 matrix and 512×512 matrix in an artificial intelligence-based computer-aided diagnosis (AI-CAD) for evaluating lung nodules based on CT images.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included 344 patients from two hospitals between January 2020 and November 2023.

Investigation of LncRNA Expression Profiles and Analysis of Immune-Related lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Networks in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Introduction: Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a predominant cause of blindness in the elderly. The present study is the first to investigate the alteration of lncRNAs and mRNAs in neovascular AMD.

Methods: Nine patients with neovascular AMD were included in the study.

Licensing and niche competition in spermatogenesis: mathematical models suggest complementary regulation of tissue maintenance.

To maintain and regenerate adult tissues after injury, division and differentiation of tissue-resident stem cells must be precisely regulated. It remains elusive which regulatory strategies prevent exhaustion or overgrowth of the stem cell pool, whether there is coordination between multiple mechanisms, and how to detect them from snapshots. In Drosophila testes, somatic stem cells transition to a state that licenses them to differentiate, but remain capable of returning to the niche and resuming cell division.

Electrically Generated Exciton Polaritons with Spin On-Demand.

Generation and manipulation of exciton polaritons with controllable spin could deeply impact spintronic applications, quantum simulations, and quantum information processing, but is inherently challenging due to the charge neutrality of the polariton and the device complexity it requires. Here, electrical generation of spin-polarized exciton polaritons in a monolithic dielectric perovskite metasurface embedded in a light-emitting transistor is demonstrated. A finely tailored interplay of in- and out-of-plane symmetry breaking of the metasurface allows to lift the spin degeneracy through the polaritonic Rashba effect, yielding high spin purity with normalized Stokes parameter of S ≈ 0.

Understanding Pt Active Sites on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanocages for Industrial Hydrogen Evolution with Ultralow Pt Usage.

Engineering microstructures of Pt and understanding the related catalytic mechanism are critical to optimizing the performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, Pt dispersion and coordination are precisely regulated on hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages (hNCNCs) by a thermal-driven Pt migration, from edge-hosted Pt-NCl single sites in the initial Pt/hNCNC-70 °C catalyst to Pt clusters/nanoparticles and back to in-plane Pt-NC single sites. Thereinto, Pt-NCl presents the optimal HER activity (6 mV@10 mA cm) while Pt-NC shows poor HER activity (321 mV@10 mA cm) due to their different Pt coordination.

Engineering Triple-Phase Interfaces with Hierarchical Carbon Nanocages for High-Areal-Capacity All-Solid-State Li-S Batteries.

All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) have garnered widespread attention due to their advantages of high energy density and enhanced safety. However, the typical composite structure composed of solid-state electrolyte (SE), discrete conducting carbon black, and microsized sulfur (μ-S) with long-range Li/e conducting path and huge volume changes, suffers from sluggish charge transport and severe electrochemical-mechanical failure. In this work, a unique hierarchical carbon nanocage (hCNC) is applied as a continuous conducting network where nanosized sulfur are confined.

Development of a deep learning model for detecting lumbar vertebral fractures on CT images: An external validation.

Objective: To develop and externally validate a binary classification model for lumbar vertebral body fractures based on CT images using deep learning methods.

Methods: This study involved data collection from two hospitals for AI model training and external validation. In Cohort A from Hospital 1, CT images from 248 patients, comprising 1508 vertebrae, revealed that 20.

Tyrosine nitration enhances the allergenic potential of house dust mite allergen Der p 2.

Nitration of allergenic proteins caused by atmospheric pollutants O and NO may enhance their allergenic potential. In the study, the influence of nitration was investigated on the allergenicity of Der p 2, which is a main allergen from house dust mites and plays an important role in allergenic rhinitis and asthma. The results reveal that nitrated Der p 2 enhanced the IgE-binding capacity, upregulated the mRNA expression and release of IL-6 and IL-8 from bronchial epithelial cells, and induced higher levels of specific-IgE, T2 cytokines and white blood cells in mice.

Oxygen-Bridged Cu Binuclear Sites for Efficient Electrocatalytic CO Reduction to Ethanol at Ultralow Overpotential.

Electrocatalytic CO reduction (CORR) to alcohols offers a promising strategy for converting waste CO into valuable fuels/chemicals but usually requires large overpotentials. Herein, we report a catalyst comprising unique oxygen-bridged Cu binuclear sites (CuOCu-N) with a Cu···Cu distance of 3.0-3.

Correlation between Heteroatom Coordination and Hydrogen Evolution for Single-site Pt on Carbon-based Nanocages.

The electrocatalytic performance of single-site catalysts (SSCs) is closely correlated with the electronic structure of metal atoms. Herein we construct a series of Pt SSCs on heteroatom-doped hierarchical carbon nanocages, which exhibit increasing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities along S-doped, P-doped, undoped and N-doped supports. Theoretical simulation indicates a multi-H-atom adsorption process on Pt SSCs due to the low coordination, and a reasonable descriptor is figured out to evaluate the HER activities.

A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Controlled Study of a New Corneal Wetting Agent During Ophthalmologic Surgery.

Introduction: A multicenter prospective randomized controlled study was used to investigate the effect and safety of a new corneal wetting agent called the Corneal Surface Viscoelastic Protector (CsVisc, Success Bio-Tech Co., Ltd, China), on the corneal epithelium during ophthalmic surgery by comparison with the commercially available Cornea Protect (CP, Valeant Med Sp. zo.

Advanced silk materials for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration.

Musculoskeletal diseases are the leading causes of chronic pain and physical disability, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the field of bone and cartilage tissue engineering to combat the limitations of conventional treatments. Among various materials used in musculoskeletal tissue regeneration, silk biomaterials exhibit unique mechanical robustness, versatility, favorable biocompatibility, and tunable biodegradation rate.

Site-specific tyrosine nitration of group 1 allergens of house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f 1) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 1) in indoor dusts.

Nitration can enhance the allergenicity of proteins. The nitration status of house dust mite (HDM) allergens in indoor dusts, however, remains to be elucidated. In the study, site-specific tyrosine nitration degrees of the two important HDM allergens Der f 1 and Der p 1 in indoor dust samples were investigated by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

High-Dispersive Pd Nanoparticles on Hierarchical N-Doped Carbon Nanocages to Boost Electrochemical CO Reduction to Formate at Low Potential.

Electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CO RR) to value-added chemicals/fuels is an effective strategy to achieve the carbon neutral. Palladium is the only metal to selectively produce formate via CO RR at near-zero potentials. To reduce cost and improve activity, the high-dispersive Pd nanoparticles on hierarchical N-doped carbon nanocages (Pd/hNCNCs) are constructed by regulating pH in microwave-assisted ethylene glycol reduction.

Directional Emission from Electrically Injected Exciton-Polaritons in Perovskite Metasurfaces.

We present a new approach to achieving strong coupling between electrically injected excitons and photonic bound states in the continuum of a dielectric metasurface. Here a high-finesse metasurface cavity is monolithically patterned in the channel of a perovskite light-emitting transistor to induce a large Rabi splitting of ∼200 meV and more than 50-fold enhancement of the polaritonic emission compared to the intrinsic excitonic emission of the perovskite film. Moreover, the directionality of polaritonic electroluminescence can be dynamically tuned by varying the source-drain bias, which induces an asymmetric distribution of exciton population within the transistor channel.

Prioritizing prognostic-associated subpopulations and individualized recurrence risk signatures from single-cell transcriptomes of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies. There are few recurrence risk signatures for CRC patients. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides a high-resolution platform for prognostic signature detection.

Perovskite quantum dot one-dimensional topological laser.

Various topological laser concepts have recently enabled the demonstration of robust light-emitting devices that are immune to structural deformations and tolerant to fabrication imperfections. Current realizations of photonic cavities with topological boundaries are often limited by outcoupling issues or poor directionality and require complex design and fabrication that hinder operation at small wavelengths. Here we propose a topological cavity design based on interface states between two one-dimensional photonic crystals with distinct Zak phases.

Resonant Enhancement of Polymer-Cell Optostimulation by a Plasmonic Metasurface.

Organic semiconductors have shown great potential as efficient bioelectronic materials. Specifically, photovoltaic polymers such as the workhorse poly(thiophene) derivatives, when stimulated with visible light, can depolarize neurons and generate action potentials, an effect that has been also employed for rescuing vision in blind rats. In this context, however, the coupling of such materials with optically resonant structures to enhance those photodriven biological effects is still in its infancy.

Utility of diffusion weighted imaging-based radiomics nomogram to predict pelvic lymph nodes metastasis in prostate cancer.

Background: Preoperative pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM) prediction can help clinicians determine whether to perform pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND). The purpose of this research is to explore the feasibility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-based radiomics for preoperative PLNM prediction in PCa patients at the nodal level.

Methods: The preoperative MR images of 1116 pathologically confirmed lymph nodes (LNs) from 84 PCa patients were enrolled.

Phase-Change Perovskite Microlaser with Tunable Polarization Vortex.

Metasurfaces supporting optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) are emerging as simple and compact optical cavities to realize polarization-vortex lasers. The winding of the polarization around the singularity defines topological charges which are generally set by the cavity design and cannot be altered without changing geometrical parameters. Here, a subwavelength-thin phase-change halide perovskite BIC metasurface functioning as a tunable polarization vortex microlaser is demonstrated.

Polarization-Tunable Perovskite Light-Emitting Metatransistor.

Emerging immersive visual communication technologies require light sources with complex functionality for dynamic control of polarization, directivity, wavefront, spectrum, and intensity of light. Currently, this is mostly achieved by free space bulk optic elements, limiting the adoption of these technologies. Flat optics based on artificially structured metasurfaces that operate at the sub-wavelength scale are a viable solution, however, their integration into electrically driven devices remains challenging.