Interlayer Confined Capacitive Response via Solvated Cointercalation in Graphite Layers.

Nanofluids confined within two-dimensional materials promote ionic flux, which is essential for achieving ultrahigh-rate capacitor-like responses and high charge storage capacity. Here, we offer quantitative and microscopic insights into the interlayer-confined electric double-layer (EDL) capacitive behavior arising from the cointercalation of Na-diglyme ([Na-G2]) into graphite layers. By leveraging nuclear magnetic resonance, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, embedded optical fiber sensors, and other techniques, it demonstrates that a nonconstant Na:G2 ratio during cointercalation into graphite with the evolution of the stages.

Deciphering Hypertriton and Antihypertriton Spins from Their Global Polarizations in Heavy-Ion Collisions.

Understanding the properties of hypernuclei is crucial for constraining the nature of hyperon-nucleon (Y-N) interactions, which plays a key role in determining the inner structure of compact stars. The lightest hypernuclei and antihypernuclei are the hypertriton (_{Λ}^{3}H), which consists of a pair of nucleons and a Λ hyperon, and its antinucleus (_{Λ[over ¯]}^{3}H[over ¯]). Significant knowledge has recently been acquired regarding the mass, lifetime, and binding energy of _{Λ}^{3}H.

Tailoring whispering-gallery fields in optical black hole cavities.

The ability to confine light has great significance in both fundamental science and practical applications. Optical black hole (OBH) cavities show intriguing zero radiation loss and strong field confinement. In this work, we systematically explore the whispering gallery mode (WGM) in a group of generalized OBH cavities, featuring bound states and strong field confinement.

Bilateral Production Shield Enabling Highly Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaics.

Enhancing the intrinsic stability of perovskite and through encapsulation to isolate water, oxygen, and UV-induced decomposition are currently common and most effective strategies in perovskite solar cells. Here, the atomic layer deposition process is employed to deposit a nanoscale (≈100 nm), uniform, and dense AlO film on the front side of perovskite devices, effectively isolating them from the erosion caused by water and oxygen in the humid air. Simultaneously, nanoscale (≈100 nm) TiO films are also deposited on the glass surface to efficiently filter out the ultraviolet (UV) light in the light source, which induces degradation in perovskite.

Acute intermittent porphyria complicated with acute pancreatitis: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare genetic disorder that affects porphyrin metabolism in the blood. The disease causes defects in specific enzymes in the body, which in turn leads to the accumulation of porphyrin metabolites. Patients may experience abdominal pain, neurological symptoms, muscle pain, and nausea, but it does not directly cause pancreatitis.

Simultaneous temperature and pressure sensing based on a single optical resonator.

We propose a dual-parameter sensor for the simultaneous detection of temperature and pressure based on a single packaged microbubble resonator (PMBR). The ultrahigh-quality (∼10) PMBR sensor exhibits long-term stability with the maximum wavelength shift about 0.2056 pm.

Ambient air pollution and infant health: a narrative review.

The extensive evidence regarding the effects of ambient air pollution on child health is well documented, but limited review summarized their health effects during infancy. Symptoms or health conditions attributed to ambient air pollution in infancy could result in the progression of severe diseases during childhood. Here, we reviewed previous empirical epidemiological studies and/or reviews for evaluating the linkages between ambient air pollution and various infant outcomes including adverse birth outcomes, infant morbidity and mortality, early respiratory health, early allergic symptoms, early neurodevelopment, early infant growth and other relevant outcomes.

Effects of field soil warming on the growth and physiology of seedlings.

Global climate change will increase surface soil temperature, with consequences on plant seedling growth and population dynamics. In this study, we carried out a field experiment to investigate the effects of 2 ℃ soil warming on the growth and physiological characteristics of 1- and 2-year-old seedlings of a dominant tree species in broadleaved Korean pine forest, . The results showed that soil warming significantly increased basal diameter, root length, total leaf area, leaf dry weight, root dry weight, total biomass, apparent photosynthetic electron transfer rate (ETR), PSⅡ actual photochemical efficiency (), and apparent photosynthetic electrophotochemical quenching coefficient () of 1-year-old seedlings by 18.

Electron Microscopy Probing Electron-Photon Interactions in SiC Nanowires with Ultrawide Energy and Momentum Match.

Light-matter interactions are commonly probed by optical spectroscopy, which, however, has some fundamental limitations such as diffraction-limited spatial resolution, tiny momentum transfer, and noncontinuous excitation/detection. In this work, through the use of scanning transmission electron microscopy-electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM-EELS) with ultrawide energy and momentum match and subnanometer spatial resolution, the longitudinal Fabry-Perot (FP) resonating modes and the transverse whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) in individual SiC nanowires are simultaneously excited and detected, which span from near-infrared (∼1.2 μm) to ultraviolet (∼0.

Reducing tumescent anesthetic injection pain by topical anesthesia pretreatment among patients undergoing endovenous radiofrequency ablation of varicose veins: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Tumescent anesthesia frequently causes the intraoperative and postoperative pain during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of varicose veins. We have to find a way to reduce pain caused by these injections. This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of topical anesthesia pretreatment (TAP) on relieving needle puncture pain during administration of tumescent anesthesia among patients undergoing RFA of varicose veins.

An Ultrahigh-Power Mesocarbon Microbeads|Na -Diglyme|Na V (PO ) Sodium-Ion Battery.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) show practical applications in large-scale energy storage systems. But, their power density is limited by the sluggish Na diffusion into the cathode and anode materials. Herein, the authors demonstrate a prototype of ultrahigh power SIB, consisting of the high-rate Na V (PO ) (NVP) cathode, graphite-type mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) anode, and Na -diglyme electrolyte.

Surface Plasmonic Sensors: Sensing Mechanism and Recent Applications.

Surface plasmonic sensors have been widely used in biology, chemistry, and environment monitoring. These sensors exhibit extraordinary sensitivity based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects, and they have found commercial applications. In this review, we present recent progress in the field of surface plasmonic sensors, mainly in the configurations of planar metastructures and optical-fiber waveguides.

Ultra-compact reconfigurable device for mode conversion and dual-mode DPSK demodulation via inverse design.

The mode multiplexing/de-multiplexing devices are key components for mode-division multiplexing (MDM) technology. Here, we propose an ultra-compact and reconfigurable mode-conversion device via inverse design, which can selectively implement multichannel mode conversion controlled by input phase shifts (Δφ). The device can transform input TE (TE) mode to TE (TE) mode at Δφ=0, or from TE (TE) to TE (TE) at Δφ=π spanning the wavelength range of 1525-1565 nm.

Operando monitoring transition dynamics of responsive polymer using optofluidic microcavities.

Optical microcavities have become an attractive platform for precision measurement with merits of ultrahigh sensitivity, miniature footprint and fast response. Despite the achievements of ultrasensitive detection, optical microcavities still face significant challenges in the measurement of biochemical and physical processes with complex dynamics, especially when multiple effects are present. Here we demonstrate operando monitoring of the transition dynamics of a phase-change material via a self-referencing optofluidic microcavity.

Silica optical fiber integrated with two-dimensional materials: towards opto-electro-mechanical technology.

In recent years, the integration of graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials in optical fibers have stimulated significant advances in all-fiber photonics and optoelectronics. The conventional passive silica fiber devices with 2D materials are empowered for enhancing light-matter interactions and are applied for manipulating light beams in respect of their polarization, phase, intensity and frequency, and even realizing the active photo-electric conversion and electro-optic modulation, which paves a new route to the integrated multifunctional all-fiber optoelectronic system. This article reviews the fast-progress field of hybrid 2D-materials-optical-fiber for the opto-electro-mechanical devices.

1/f-noise-free optical sensing with an integrated heterodyne interferometer.

Optical evanescent sensors can non-invasively detect unlabeled nanoscale objects in real time with unprecedented sensitivity, enabling a variety of advances in fundamental physics and biological applications. However, the intrinsic low-frequency noise therein with an approximately 1/f-shaped spectral density imposes an ultimate detection limit for monitoring many paramount processes, such as antigen-antibody reactions, cell motions and DNA hybridizations. Here, we propose and demonstrate a 1/f-noise-free optical sensor through an up-converted detection system.

Efficacy and safety of DOACs in patients with peripheral arterial disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with peripheral arterial disease are not completely understood. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the effects of DOACs in this population.

Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science till April 2020 for relevant randomized controlled trials and observational studies, with no linguistic restrictions.

Effects of alternate-day fasting on body weight and dyslipidaemia in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Alternate-day fasting (ADF) is a novel diet therapy that may achieve reduction in body weight and improvement of dyslipidaemia, but the impact of this diet on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ADF on the body weight and lipid profile of individuals with NAFLD.

Methods: NAFLD patients (n = 271) were randomised to the ADF group, time-restricted feeding (TRF) group, or the control group and subjected to the respective diet for 12 weeks.

Microcavity Nonlinear Optics with an Organically Functionalized Surface.

We report enhanced optical nonlinear effects at the surface of an ultrahigh-Q silica microcavity functionalized by a thin layer of organic molecules. The maximal conversion efficiency of third harmonic generation reaches ∼1680%/W^{2} and an absolute efficiency of 0.0144% at pump power of ∼2.

Demonstration of a microelectromechanical tunable Fabry-Pérot cavity based on graphene-bonded fiber devices.

Taking advantage of the high thermal conductivity of graphene, this Letter demonstrates a microelectromechanical (MEM) tunable Fabry-Pérot (F-P) cavity, based on a graphene-bonded fiber device (GFD), which acts as a microheater. By increasing the electric current from 0 to 8 mA in the heater, the temperature of the GFD can rise and approach a value of 760 K theoretically. This high temperature will cause a deformation of the fiber, allowing the graphene-bonded fiber end to form a gap-adjustable F-P cavity with a cleaved single-mode fiber.