Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models for Answering Cancer-Related Questions in Korean.

Purpose: Large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in medicine, transforming patient education, clinical decision support, and medical research. However, the effectiveness of LLMs in providing accurate medical information, particularly in non-English languages, remains underexplored. This study aimed to compare the quality of responses generated by ChatGPT and Naver's CLOVA X to cancer-related questions posed in Korean.

Reduction-First Technique of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Spondylolisthesis.

The reduction-first technique in unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) lumbar interbody fusion is a novel approach designed to overcome the limitations of conventional UBE fusion for spondylolisthesis. UBE fusion has gained popularity as a minimally invasive procedure, yet its ability to achieve satisfactory vertebral reduction remains limited, particularly in patients with higher-grade spondylolisthesis. This paper introduces a modified technique in which a right-sided pedicle screw is placed prior to cage insertion, facilitating early reduction of spondylolisthesis and improving interbody cage positioning.

Intraoperative Facet Joint Block Reduces Pain After Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) results in less tissue damage than in other surgeries, but immediate postoperative pain occurs. Notably, facet joint widening occurs in the vertebral body after OLIF. We hypothesized that the application of a facet joint block to the area of widening would relieve facet joint pain.

Tunable Polariton Rabi Oscillation in Phase-Changing Perovskite Microcavities.

Exciton-polaritons are composite quasiparticles hybridized between excitons and photons, which are very promising to develop quantum information devices such as entangled photon pair sources and polariton qubit devices by utilizing the fascinating properties of strong nonlinearity, Bose-Einstein condensation, and superfluidity. Organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites have attracted much interest in cavity quantum electrodynamics due to their excellent excitonic properties, including strong exciton binding energy and high oscillation strength. Here, tunable Rabi oscillation of exciton-polaritons in the lead halide perovskite microcavity is demonstrated, which experiences a phase transition between orthorhombic, tetragonal, and cubic phases by varying the temperature.

Focal Dorsal Enhancement of the Tympanic Bulla: An Early Indicator in Feline Otitis Media.

Evaluating the morphological changes of the tympanic bulla and the contrast enhancement (CE) patterns are key factors in diagnosing otitis media and predicting its underlying etiology. However, limited research exists on the CE patterns of the tympanic bulla in cats with bulla effusion. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence and patterns of CE in the tympanic bulla based on the presence and severity of bulla effusion in cats.

Proteomic Analyses of Clots Identify Stroke Etiologies in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Therapy.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between clot composition and stroke mechanisms in patients undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT), using proteomic analysis.

Methods: This study included 35 patients with ischemic stroke (cardioembolism [CE], n = 17; large artery atherosclerosis [LAA], n = 6; cancer-related [CR], n = 4; and undetermined (UD) cause, n = 8) who underwent EVT. Retrieved clots were proteomically analyzed to identify differentially expressed proteins associated with the three stroke mechanisms and to develop the machine learning model.

Myelopathy Due to Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis Associated With ANCA Vasculitis: A 10-Year Follow-up Case Report.

This case report describes a rare presentation of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated hypertrophic pachymeningitis in a 49-year-old woman with cranial and spinal lesions. Initial management comprised decompressive laminectomy and steroid therapy, with the subsequent addition of immunosuppressant therapy following symptom recurrence. After a ten-year follow-up, significant symptom improvement and return of motor function were noted.

Strong exciton-photon coupling in self-hybridized organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite microcavities.

Controlling coherent light-matter interactions in semiconductor microcavities is at the heart of the next-generation solid-state polaritonic devices. Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are potential materials for room-temperature polaritonics owing to their high exciton oscillator strengths and large exciton binding energies. Herein, we report on strong exciton-photon coupling in the micro-platelet and micro-ribbon shaped methylammonium lead bromide single crystals.

Development and validation of an unsafe behavior checklist for workers.

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a simple unsafe behavior checklist to assess the extent of unsafe behavior among workers in an industrial setting. The checklist was developed using Focus Group Interview (FGI) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis methodology. Preliminary testing was conducted with an unspecified sample and the correlation between unsafe behavior and accident experience was validated.

A study of the factors and correlations influencing the safety level, job stress and job satisfaction of workers in small business in Korea.

Background: Job stress was found to directly increase the likelihood of accidents and indirectly increase the likelihood of accidents by lowering the safety atmosphere. Job stress has a significant impact on the safety environment, and job satisfaction is effective in reducing accident rates. Accordingly, we sought to investigate the correlation between safety level, job stress, and job satisfaction in small businesses with a high risk of industrial accidents.

Affordable 3D Orientation Visualization Solution for Working Class Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV).

ROV operators often encounter challenges with orientation awareness while operating underwater, primarily due to relying solely on 2D camera feeds to manually control the ROV robot arm. This limitation in underwater visibility and orientation awareness, as observed among Malaysian ROV operators, can compromise the accuracy of arm placement, and pose a risk of tool damage if not handle with care. To address this, a 3D orientation monitoring system for ROVs has been developed, leveraging measurement sensors with nine degrees of freedom (DOF).

Defect Passivation of 2D Semiconductors by Fixating Chemisorbed Oxygen Molecules via h-BN Encapsulations.

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a key ingredient for various 2D van der Waals heterostructure devices, but the exact role of h-BN encapsulation in relation to the internal defects of 2D semiconductors remains unclear. Here, it is reported that h-BN encapsulation greatly removes the defect-related gap states by stabilizing the chemisorbed oxygen molecules onto the defects of monolayer WS crystals. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) combined with theoretical analysis clearly confirms that the oxygen molecules are chemisorbed onto the defects of WS crystals and are fixated by h-BN encapsulation, with excluding a possibility of oxygen molecules trapped in bubbles or wrinkles formed at the interface between WS and h-BN.

Fusion Assessment of Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Demineralized Bone Matrix: A 2-Year Prospective Study.

Objective: Although several studies have reported successful fusion rates after oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) using allografts or dimerized bone matrix (DBM) instead of autografts, whether OLIF can achieve satisfactory solid fusion without the use of autografts remains unclear. This study investigated the real fusion rates after OLIF using allografts and DBM, which were evaluated using both dynamic radiographs and computed tomography scans.

Methods: We enrolled 79 consecutive patients who underwent minimally invasive OLIF followed by percutaneous pedicle screw fixation.

Assessment of exposure to sulfuric acid in workers using cleaning equipment operated with lead-acid batteries.

Sulfuric acid, a constituent of lead-acid batteries, is an extremely hazardous substance, necessitating utmost caution. Unfortunately, many workers that utilize battery-operated equipment remain unaware of the potential exposure. This study aims to evaluate the potential exposure to sulfuric acid among workers employed by small companies associated with the operation of floor cleaning equipment powered by lead-acid batteries.

In-depth proteome analysis of brain tissue from Ewsr1 knockout mouse by multiplexed isobaric tandem mass tag labeling.

EWS RNA binding protein 1 (EWSR1) is a multifunctional protein whose epigenetic signatures contribute to the pathogenesis of various human diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, skin development, and tumorigenic processes. However, the specific cellular functions and physiological characteristics of EWSR1 remain unclear. In this study, we used quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics with tandem mass tag labeling to investigate the global proteome changes in brain tissue in Ewsr1 knockout and wild-type mice.

Evaluation of Sleep Disturbance in Alopecia Areata through Questionnaire: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index as a Reasonable Tool.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is common non-scarring hair loss disease. Sleep distrubance has been regarded as a triggering or aggravating factor for AA. However, objective evaluation of sleep disturbance and its clinical effect on AA has not been clearly demonstrated.

Computed tomographic features of focal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis for differentiating from malignant intestinal lesions in a dog.

An eight-year-old Maltese dog presented with diarrhea and anorexia. Ultrasonography revealed marked focal wall thickening with loss of layering in the distal ileum. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a preserved wall layer with hypoattenuating middle wall thickening.

Optimal dual-energy computed tomography scan parameters to detect small-sized urinary stones and their composition.

To investigate the optimal scanning parameters of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), which can accurately determine sensitivity (the detectability of urinary stones) and accuracy (the composition matching of urinary stones), and to apply them to clinical trials. Fifteen urinary stones were chemically analyzed, and their chemical compositions were considered a reference standard with which we compared the uric acid (UA) and non-UA compositions determined using DECT. The urinary stones were placed inside a bolus and scanned with a dual-source CT scanner under various selected dual-energy conditions (A to X) using various solid water phantom thicknesses.

Dual viscosity mixture vehicle for intratympanic steroid treatment modifies the ROS and inflammation related proteomes.

Until recently, the most standard treatment for sensorineural or sudden hearing loss, which is caused by inner ear damage or deterioration, has been systemic oral steroid administration. In recent, intratympanic steroid injections such as dexamethasone have been used for the treatment of sudden hearing loss as well. It is injected into the tympanic cavity through its membrane and is expected to diffuse over the round window located between the tympanic cavity and the inner ear.

Computed tomography can differentiate vaginal-origin from uterine-origin lesions in bitches.

Objective: To investigate typical computed tomography (CT) features for the differentiation of vaginal from the uterine origin in dogs.

Animals: 7 healthy Beagles in the prospective study and 5 bitches in the retrospective study.

Procedures: In the prospective study, dual-phase CT images were obtained from sexually intact female Beagles (n = 7) during anestrus and estrus.

Selective photocatalytic CO reduction to CH over metal-free porous polyimide in the solid-gas mode.

Using a catalyst-free one-pot polycondensation approach, a new donor-acceptor (D-A) based porous polyimide (PeTt-POP) photocatalyst was developed. PeTt-POP produced CH (125.63 ppm g in 6 h) from CO under visible light irradiation in the gas-solid mode without the use of co-catalysts or sacrificial agents.

Intratympanic steroid treatment can reduce ROS and immune response in human perilymph investigated by in-depth proteome analysis.

Intratympanic (IT) steroid treatment is one of the most widely used and effective treatments for inner ear disorders such as sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, a clear mechanism of IT steroids in inner ear recovery has not yet been revealed. Therefore, we investigated proteome changes in extracted human perilymph after steroid treatment.