Hemoglobin as a pseudoperoxidase and drug target for oxidative stress-related diseases.

Hemoglobin (Hb) is well known for transporting oxygen in the blood, but its role in the brain remains poorly understood. Here, we identified Hb in the cytosol, mitochondria, and nuclei of hippocampal and substantia nigra astrocytes and dopaminergic neurons. As a pseudoperoxidase, Hb decomposes hydrogen peroxide (HO) and mitigates HO-induced oxidative damage.

SGLT2 Inhibition by Enavogliflozin Significantly Reduces Aβ Pathology and Restores Cognitive Function via Upregulation of Microglial AMPK Signaling in 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline. Metabolic dysfunctions, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), have been implicated in AD pathogenesis, highlighting the potential for novel therapeutic approaches targeting shared underlying mechanisms. Here, we investigate sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for AD using Enavogliflozin, a potent SGLT2 inhibitor, in the 5XFAD mouse model.

Effect of total intravenous anesthesia versus sevoflurane anesthesia on intraoperative facial nerve monitoring: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring (IFNM) facilitates effective nerve preservation during ear and head and neck surgeries. Quantitative differences in the timely feasibility of IFNM during total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) vs sevoflurane anesthesia have not been investigated.

Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial in which 98 patients undergoing ear surgery were allocated to either the TIVA or sevoflurane group.

Attitude toward physical activity among Asian American family caregivers of persons living with dementia.

This qualitative study aimed to explore attitudes toward physical activity behaviors in the context of dementia caregiving among Asian Indian, Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese American family caregivers of persons living with dementia. We used qualitative data from verbatim transcripts of current caregivers (N = 21) from focus groups and individual interviews. Ethnically or linguistically matched moderators facilitated focus groups and interviews in four languages.

Highly potent and selective PPARδ agonist reverses memory deficits in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease accompanied by neurotoxicity, excessive inflammation, and cognitive impairment. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ is a potential target for AD. However, its regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential in AD remain unclear.

Recent Methods for Evaluating Crop Water Stress Using AI Techniques: A Review.

This study systematically reviews the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and remote sensing technologies to address the issue of crop water stress caused by rising global temperatures and climate change; in particular, it evaluates the effectiveness of various non-destructive remote sensing platforms (RGB, thermal imaging, and hyperspectral imaging) and AI techniques (machine learning, deep learning, ensemble methods, GAN, and XAI) in monitoring and predicting crop water stress. The analysis focuses on variability in precipitation due to climate change and explores how these technologies can be strategically combined under data-limited conditions to enhance agricultural productivity. Furthermore, this study is expected to contribute to improving sustainable agricultural practices and mitigating the negative impacts of climate change on crop yield and quality.

Discovery and Optimization of a Series of Vinyl Sulfoximine-Based Analogues as Potent Nrf2 Activators for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which leads to demyelination, axonal loss, and neurodegeneration. Increased oxidative stress and neurodegeneration have been implicated in all stages of MS, making neuroprotective therapeutics a promising strategy for its treatment. We previously have reported vinyl sulfones with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties that activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor that induces the expression of cytoprotective genes against oxidative stress.

Ion Release and Apatite Formation of Resin Based Pit and Fissure Sealants Containing 45S5 Bioactive Glass.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a resin based pit and fissure sealant containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BAG) by examining its ion release, pH variation, and apatite-forming properties. To prepare the experimental materials, 45S5 BAG, used as a filler, was incorporated into the light curable resin matrix at concentrations of 0 (control), 12.5, 37.

Comparison of high-flow nasal cannula and conventional nasal cannula during deep sedation for endoscopic submucosal dissection: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Adequate oxygenation and airway management during deep sedation can be challenging. We investigated the effect of high-flow nasal cannula (group HF) and conventional nasal cannula (group CO) during sedation for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

Methods: Patients undergoing ESD with deep sedation were enrolled.

Myricetin ameliorates the severity of pancreatitis in mice by regulating cathepsin B activity and inflammatory cytokine production.

Cathepsin B (CTSB) and inflammatory cytokines are critical in initiating and developing pancreatitis. Calcineurin, a central calcium (Ca)-responsive signaling molecule, mediates acinar cell death and inflammatory responses leading to pancreatitis. However, the detailed mechanisms for regulating CTSB activity and inflammatory cytokine production are unknown.

Phloroglucinol Derivatives Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Attenuate Cognitive Impairment in LPS-Induced Mouse Model.

Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory immune response that arises in the central nervous system. It is one of the primary causes of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Phloroglucinol (PG) is a natural product contained in extracts of plant, algae and microbe and has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

A novel method for rapid estimation of active bone marrow dose for radiotherapy patients in epidemiological studies.

Background: In a dedicated effort to improve the assessment of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) and study leukemia risk following radiotherapy, we are developing a large-scale cohort study among cancer patients who received radiation. To that end, it will be critical to analyze dosimetric parameters of red bone marrow (ABM) exposure in relation to CH and its progression to myeloid neoplasms, requiring reconstruction method for ABM doses of a large-scale patients rapidly and accurately.

Purpose: To support a large-scale cohort study on the assessment of clonal hematopoiesis and leukemia risk following radiotherapy, we present a new method for the rapid reconstruction of ABM doses of radiotherapy among cancer patients.

The Role of Measuring Preoperative Social Maturation Score in Children With Additional Needs Who Underwent Cochlear Implantation.

Background And Objectives: Additional needs refer to specific requirements or support for individuals with disabilities or syndromes. Intellectual ability is a crucial outcome determinant of a cochlear implant. The social quotient (SQ) is an indirect predictor of intellectual capacity and social skills.

Evaluation of pulse oximeter at the nasal septum during general anesthesia: comparison with finger oximeter.

Purpose: Though the finger is generally recommended for pulse oxygen saturation (SpO) monitoring site, its reliability may be compromised in conditions of poor peripheral perfusion. Therefore, we compared the performance of nasal septum SpO monitoring with finger SpO monitoring relative to simultaneous arterial oxygen saturation (SaO) monitoring in generally anesthetized patients.

Methods: In 23 adult patients, comparisons of SpO measured at the nasal septum and finger with simultaneous SaO were made at four time points during the 90 min study period.

Effect of Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Diastolic Function: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: The effect of sevoflurane on left ventricular diastolic function is not well understood. We hypothesized that parameters of diastolic function may improve under sevoflurane anesthesia in patients with preexisting diastolic dysfunction compared to patients with normal diastolic function.

Methods: This observational study included 60 patients undergoing breast surgery or laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Ordovician origin and subsequent diversification of the brown algae.

Brown algae are the only group of heterokont protists exhibiting complex multicellularity. Since their origin, brown algae have adapted to various marine habitats, evolving diverse thallus morphologies and gamete types. However, the evolutionary processes behind these transitions remain unclear due to a lack of a robust phylogenetic framework and problems with time estimation.

KDS2010, a reversible MAO-B inhibitor, extends the lifetime of neural probes by preventing glial scar formation.

Implantable neural probes have been extensively utilized in the fields of neurocircuitry, systems neuroscience, and brain-computer interface. However, the long-term functionality of these devices is hampered by the formation of glial scar and astrogliosis at the surface of electrodes. In this study, we administered KDS2010, a recently developed reversible MAO-B inhibitor, to mice through ad libitum drinking in order to prevent glial scar formation and astrogliosis.

RNA-Seq-Based Molecular Classification Analyses in Colorectal Cancer and Synchronous Adenoma.

Colorectal cancers (CRC) are classified into consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) based on gene expression profiles. The revised classification system iCMS was proposed by considering intrinsic epithelial status, microsatellite instability (MSI), and fibrosis. This study aimed to provide molecular evidence for the adenoma-carcinoma sequence concept by examining CRC and synchronous adenomas using iCMS.

A streamlined pipeline based on HmmUFOtu for microbial community profiling using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Microbial community profiling using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing allows for taxonomic characterization of diverse microorganisms. While amplicon sequence variant (ASV) methods are increasingly favored for their fine-grained resolution of sequence variants, they often discard substantial portions of sequencing reads during quality control, particularly in datasets with large number samples. We present a streamlined pipeline that integrates FastP for read trimming, HmmUFOtu for operational taxonomic units (OTU) clustering, Vsearch for chimera checking, and Kraken2 for taxonomic assignment.

Sinonasal Organizing Hematoma: Demographics, Diagnosis, and Treatment Outcomes of 112 patients.

Introduction: Sinonasal organizing hematoma (OH) is a rare, nonneoplastic lesion that often presents with epistaxis, a reddish mass, and destruction of the involved sinonasal structures. Due to its rarity, the demographics, diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies, and outcomes have not yet been studied in a large, long-term study.

Materials And Methods: Retrospect cohort of 112 sinonasal OH patients treated between 1997 and 2020 in a tertiary, university hospital were evaluated.

Transcriptional control of hydrogen peroxide homeostasis regulates ground tissue patterning in the root.

In multicellular organisms, including higher plants, asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) play a crucial role in generating distinct cell types. The root ground tissue initially has two layers: endodermis (inside) and cortex (outside). In the mature root, the endodermis undergoes additional ACDs to produce the endodermis itself and the middle cortex (MC), located between the endodermis and the pre-existing cortex.

Understanding the caregiving experiences of Asian Indian, Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese American family care partners of persons living with dementia.

Objectives: Disparities impacting dementia health care exist in racial/ethnic minority groups, including Asian Americans, an understudied population in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. The qualitative study explored caregiving experiences and potential cultural influences among Asian Indian, Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese family care partners of persons living with dementia.

Methods: We conducted focus groups and individual interviews with 32 care partners from these four Asian subgroups using Zoom, WeChat, or telephone.