Collagen Matrix Combined With Hydroxyapatite and Nasoseptal Flap for Skull Base Reconstruction.

Background: Extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approaches (ExEETSA) commonly result in high-flow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks that demand robust reconstruction strategies. Although nasoseptal flap (NSF) is a standard reconstructive technique, high-flow grade 3 CSF leaks require additional rigid reconstruction. This study evaluated the long-term outcomes of collagen matrix-hydroxyapatite (HXA)-NSF for rigid skull base reconstruction without lumbar drain.

Comparison of the Lumbar Drain and the Hydroxyapatite Methods for Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage after Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and risk of two skull base reconstruction methods after expanded endoscopic skull base approach (EEA), viz. postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lumbar drainage (L-method) and injectable hydroxyapatite cement without lumbar drainage (H-method).

Methods: We enrolled 211 consecutive patients with grade 2 or 3 intraoperative CSF leakage during EEA.

Clinical Features and Prognostic Insights in Sinonasal Sarcomas: A 76-Case Single-Institution Experience.

Objective: This study analyzed the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors of sinonasal sarcomas through a single-institution experience involving 76 cases over 27 years.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 76 patients diagnosed with sinonasal sarcoma at a tertiary medical center from 1995 to 2022. Data collected included demographic information, tumor characteristics, and treatment modalities.

SLC27A2 marks lipid peroxidation in nasal epithelial cells driven by type 2 inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by persistent inflammation and epithelial cell dysfunction, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that dysregulated lipid metabolism and increased lipid peroxidation in nasal polyp epithelial cells contribute to the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. Integrated analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data reveals upregulation of SLC27A2/FATP2 in nasal polyp epithelium, which correlates with increased lipid peroxidation.

Multicenter study on 2-year outcomes of dual application of hydroxyapatite cranioplasty and a nasoseptal flap following endoscopic endonasal surgery for tuberculum sellae meningiomas or craniopharyngiomas.

Objective: The authors evaluated the intermediate-term outcomes of a skull base reconstruction technique using hydroxyapatite cranioplasty combined with a nasoseptal flap following endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for suprasellar tumors. Specifically, the evaluation focused on the avoidance of lumbar CSF drainage, prevention of CSF leakage, and incidence of postoperative complications, including meningitis and nasoseptal flap necrosis, during a minimum follow-up of 2 years.

Methods: This multicenter study included patients who met the following criteria: 1) underwent EES for tuberculum sellae meningiomas or craniopharyngiomas, 2) received dual application of hydroxyapatite cranioplasty and reconstruction using a nasoseptal flap, 3) had a follow-up duration of at least 2 years, and 4) did not undergo lumbar drainage of CSF postoperatively.

The impact of maxillary dimensions on determining surgical approach of fungal ball in the maxillary sinus.

Endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy (MMA) is commonly used for maxillary sinus (MS) fungal ball removal. For challenging cases involving anterior or inferior recess, an additional inferior meatal approach (IMA) might be needed. We analyzed the differences in MS dimensions on CT scans according to the surgical approach to suggest preoperative variables that could facilitate an additional IMA.

Treatment Outcomes of Olfactory Neuroblastoma: A Multicenter Study by the Korean Sinonasal Tumor and Skull Base Surgery Study Group.

Objectives: Due to the rarity of olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), there is ongoing debate about optimal treatment strategies, especially for early-stage or locally advanced cases. Therefore, our study aimed to explore experiences from multiple centers to identify factors that influence the oncological outcomes of ONB.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 195 ONB patients treated at nine tertiary hospitals in South Korea between December 1992 and December 2019.

Impact of long-term nasal airflow deprivation on sinonasal structures and chronic rhinosinusitis in total laryngectomy patients.

Objective: Total laryngectomy (TL) patients are good models in which to evaluate the effects of nasal airflow cessation on the sinonasal tract. Here, we evaluated changes in sinonasal structures and association with sinus opacification in the computed tomography (CT) images 3 years post-TL.

Methods: Patients who underwent TL from 2005 to 2017 in a teaching academic center were reviewed retrospectively.

Sinonasal Organizing Hematoma: Demographics, Diagnosis, and Treatment Outcomes of 112 patients.

Introduction: Sinonasal organizing hematoma (OH) is a rare, nonneoplastic lesion that often presents with epistaxis, a reddish mass, and destruction of the involved sinonasal structures. Due to its rarity, the demographics, diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies, and outcomes have not yet been studied in a large, long-term study.

Materials And Methods: Retrospect cohort of 112 sinonasal OH patients treated between 1997 and 2020 in a tertiary, university hospital were evaluated.

Preoperative Prediction of Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma-associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma (IP-SCC).

Introduction: Sinonasal inverted papillomas (IP) can undergo transformation into IP-squamous cell carcinomas (IP-SCC). More aggressive treatment plan should be established when IP-SCC is suspected. Nevertheless, inaccuracy of the preoperative punch biopsy results to detect IP-SCC from IP raises the need for an additional strategy.

Distinct subsets of innate lymphoid cells in nasal polyp.

Background: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) contribute to the pathogenesis of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs). However, the role of other subsets of ILCs and the differentiation of ILCs in CRSwNPs is not well understood. This study aimed to characterize the ILC subsets and evaluate the differentiation of ILCs from ILC precursors (ILCPs) in NP tissue.

Features of Odontogenic Sinusitis Associated With Dental Implants.

Objectives: With the increase in dental implants for tooth loss, odontogenic sinusitis following maxillary dental implants is frequently encountered in otorhinolaryngology practice. The authors aimed to reveal the association between implant extrusion into maxillary sinus, along with implant-related complications in patients diagnosed with implant-related odontogenic sinusitis (IR-ODS).

Study Design: Case-control study.

A sinonasal yolk sac tumor in an adult.

Yolk sac tumors (YSTs), which are also called endodermal sinus tumors, are malignant tumors of germ cell origin. These tumors usually occur in the gonads, but 20% of cases have been reported at extragonadal sites. The head and neck is a rarely affected region that accounts for just 1% of all malignant tumors of germ cell origin.

Human rhinovirus serotypes induces different immune responses.

Background: Different species of human rhinovirus (HRV) can induce varied antiviral and inflammatory responses in human blood macrophages and lower airway epithelium. Although human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) are a primary infection route of HRV, differences between major and minor groups of HRV in the upper airway epithelium have not been studied in detail. In this study, we investigated viral replications and immune responses of major and minor groups of HRV in the HNECs.

Incidence and Treatment Outcome of Rhinosinusitis before Kidney Transplantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: The use of immunosuppressants after transplantation can aggravate sinus infections. Although kidney transplantation (KT) recipients are administered strong immunosuppressant therapy, there is few consensus or reports on incidence and treatment of rhinosinusitis before KT. This study was undertaken to analyze the results of a cohort of KT recipients that underwent sinonasal evaluation before KT.

Concurrent diagnosis of sinus fungus ball and invasive fungal sinusitis: A retrospective case series.

Background: Sinus fungal ball (SFB) is the most common type of non-invasive fungal sinusitis and develops mostly in immunocompetent individuals, whereas invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS), with high mortality, develops mostly in immunocompromised patients. SFB may progress to IFS depending on the patient's immune status and underlying diseases.

Objectives: To investigate the possibility of SFB progressing to IFS.

Effect of olfactory bulb atrophy on the success of olfactory training.

Purpose: To evaluate the success of olfactory training in patients with olfactory loss and olfactory bulb (OB) atrophy detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other characteristics.

Methods: This study included 48 patients with olfactory loss who underwent a nasal endoscopic examination and MRI before olfactory training. The Korean Version of the Sniffin' Sticks Test was performed before and after training.

Treatment Outcomes of Sinonasal Malignancies Involving the Orbit.

 Orbital invasion is associated with a poor prognosis in cases of sinonasal malignancy. This study aimed to analyze the oncological outcomes of sinonasal malignancies involving the orbit.  We reviewed the medical records of 116 patients with a sinonasal malignancy who had orbital invasion at initial diagnosis and followed up at least 6 months between June 1991 and October 2017 at a single institute.

Image findings in patients with chronic invasive fungal infection of paranasal sinuses.

Objectives: More clear classification of chronic invasive fungal infection of paranasal sinuses in the clinical presentation, radiologic findings, and pathology is needed. To describe the imaging findings of patients with chronic invasive fungal sinusitis (CIFS) and chronic granulomatous invasive fungal sinusitis (CGIFS).

Methods: Eleven patients with CIFS or CGIFS between January 2014 and July 2019 were included in this retrospective study.

Comparison of allergens and symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis between 1990s and 2010s.

Background: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR), an environment- and lifestyle-dependent condition, has been constantly increasing in Korea. Although the environment and lifestyle of the Korean people have recently undergone rapid changes, corresponding changes in the characteristics of AR patients have not been well documented. Therefore, we aimed to outline the changes in allergens and clinical manifestations of AR in Korean patients from the 1990s and 2010s.

Association between the sinus microbiota with eosinophilic inflammation and prognosis in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Dysbiosis of the sinus microbiome affects the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs). We investigated whether the sinus microbiota in CRSwNPs is associated with eosinophilic inflammation, especially in relation to innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), prognosis, and serum extracellular vesicles (EVs). Middle meatal swabs and serum from 31 CRSwNPs patients and six healthy controls were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing.

Treatment outcomes in acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis extending to the extrasinonasal area.

Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) can spread beyond the sinonasal cavity. It is necessary to analyze the association between the specific site involved in the extrasinonasal area and the survival rate to predict patient prognosis. We investigated 50 patients who had extrasinonasal lesions on preoperative gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and underwent wide surgical resection of AIFRS.

Recent Trends in Bacteriology of Adult Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

This study aimed to identify trends in bacteria isolated from Korean adults with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Enrolled were CRS patients who underwent sinus bacterial culture during endoscopic sinus surgery between 2007-2008, 2011-2012, and 2017-2018 ( = 510). Patients' clinical characteristics, bacterial culture results, and antibiotic resistance were reviewed.