Modeling and assessing chlorinated and brominated THM formation for water treatment adaptation against hydroclimatic impacts.

Hydroclimatic impacts affect natural organic matter (NOM) in surface water, the precursor of disinfection by-products (DBPs) including four regulated trihalomethanes (THM). Treatment adaptation analysis on the impact is hindered by a lack of mechanistic models that quantify competitive reactions of chlorine, bromine, and other oxyanions with NOMs in disinfection of treated waters. Here we propose a THM model using competitive reaction kinetics and analyzed THM formation of treated waters at the Miller water plant in Cincinnati, USA during a flash flood in the Ohio River.

Evaluating the echogenicity of ethyl cellulose-ethanol gel for tracking biodistribution during liver ablation.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. While surgery and liver transplantation are curative treatments for HCC, many tumors are unresectable due to co-morbidities or advanced stage. Ethanol ablation is an established alternative ablative therapy for HCC that is typically paired with ultrasound imaging to visualize tumors and enable precise ethanol delivery.

The implementation of an electronic symptom management system to monitor postoperative pain in thoracic surgery patients: A multicenter evaluation.

Objective: Few studies have evaluated postoperative recovery of patients after thoracic surgery using patient-reported outcome measures. This multi-institutional study analyzed postoperative pain and opioid use among patients undergoing thoracic surgery based on patient-reported outcome measures data collected through an electronic symptom management system.

Methods: The electronic symptom management system is a multi-symptom questionnaire based on a Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events that is integrated into the electronic health record and administered via the patient portal.

Outcomes After Surgical Management of Early-Stage Lung Cancer in Octogenarians: An In-Depth Analysis of a Nationally Representative Cohort.

Introduction: As the United States population ages more octogenarians are undergoing surgical resection for lung cancer. We aimed to provide an updated and expanded assessment of age-related risks associated with surgical resections for early-stage NSCLC.

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and Medicare databases were queried for stage IA NSCLC cases treated by surgery between 2006 and 2018.

Storm Surge Projection and Objective-Based Risk Management for Climate Change Adaptation along the US Atlantic Coast.

Climate change brings intense hurricanes and storm surges to the US Atlantic coast. These disruptive meteorological events, combined with sea level rise (SLR), inundate coastal areas and adversely impact infrastructure and environmental assets. Thus, storm surge projection and associated risk quantification are needed in coastal adaptation planning and emergency management.

Assessing Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility of Patients With Lung Cancer in the Boston Lung Cancer Study: An Analysis of 7186 Lung Cancer Cases.

Background: This study sought to evaluate the proportion of patients with lung cancer who would have qualified for lung cancer screening under different eligibility criteria in the Boston Lung Cancer Study (BLCS).

Methods: BLCS participants with a diagnosis of lung cancer from 1992 to 2024 were identified for analysis. The study evaluated the proportion of patients who would have qualified for screening under the 2021 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (age 50-80 years, ≥20-pack-years, <15 quit-years), 20-year duration (age 50-80 years, ≥20-year smoking duration, <15 quit-years), American Cancer Society (age 50-80 years, ≥20-pack-years), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) category A (age ≥50 years, ≥20-pack-years), and NCCN category AB (age ≥50 years, ≥20-pack-years or ≥20-year smoking duration) guidelines.

Extended Rhythm Monitoring to Assess for Ventricular Arrhythmias After Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement With the Harmony Valve.

Background: Varying rates of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) have been reported early after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) with the Harmony valve, but data regarding rhythm outcomes beyond hospital discharge are limited. This study aims to characterize ventricular arrhythmias after Harmony TPVR from implant through mid-term follow-up.

Methods: Ventricular arrhythmia data from postimplant telemetry and follow-up extended rhythm monitoring (ERM) were analyzed after Harmony TPVR.

Light-activatable minimally invasive ethyl cellulose ethanol ablation: Biodistribution and potential applications.

While surgical resection is a mainstay of cancer treatment, many tumors are unresectable due to stage, location, or comorbidities. Ablative therapies, which cause local destruction of tumors, are effective alternatives to surgical excision in several settings. Ethanol ablation is one such ablative treatment modality in which ethanol is directly injected into tumor nodules.

Structure-activity relationships and pharmacokinetic evaluation of L-cystine diamides as L-cystine crystallization inhibitors for cystinuria.

Cystinuria is a rare genetic disorder characterized by defective l-cystine reabsorption from the renal proximal tubule, resulting in abnormally high concentrations of L-cystine and subsequent l-cystine crystallization and stone formation in urine. l-Cystine diamides have shown great promise as inhibitors of l-cystine crystallization. The free α-amino groups in l-cystine diamides have previously been shown to be necessary for l-cystine crystallization inhibitory activity.

Clinical Presentation, Care Pathways, and Delays in Access to Specialized Care in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Study From Lupus Midwest Network (LUMEN).

Objective: We aimed to characterize presentation and care pathways of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and delays in access to SLE-specialized care.

Methods: We included patients with incident SLE from the Lupus Midwest Network registry. Time from the first medical encounter for SLE clinical manifestation to access to SLE-specialized care, physician diagnosis, and treatment was estimated.

Mitigating Alarm Fatigue and Improving the Bedside Experience by Reducing Nonactionable Alarms.

Objective: To assess whether conditional bedside alarm triggers can reduce the frequency of nonactionable alarms without compromising patient safety and enhance nursing and family satisfaction.

Study Design: Single-center, quality improvement initiative in an acute care cardiac unit and pediatric intensive care unit. Following the 4-week preintervention baseline period, bedside monitors were programmed with hierarchical time delay and conditional alarm triggers.

8-l-Cystinyl Bis(1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane) as an Orally Bioavailable l-Cystine Crystallization Inhibitor for Cystinuria.

Cystinuria, a rare genetic disorder, is characterized by defective l-cystine reabsorption from the renal proximal tubule, resulting in abnormally high concentrations of l-cystine and subsequent l-cystine crystallization in urine and stone formation in the urinary tract. Inhibition of l-cystine crystallization by l-cystine diamides such as LH708 () represents a promising new approach to prevent stone formation in patients with cystinuria. While shows promising efficacy and a good safety profile in a -knockout mouse model of cystinuria, further structural modification of led to the discovery of 8-l-cystinyl bis(1,8-diazaspiro[4.

Safety and Optimizing Ergonomics for Cardiothoracic Surgeons.

Cardiothoracic surgery, demanding in nature, often results in surgeons suffering from musculoskeletal injuries, causing chronic pain and leading to premature retirement. A significant majority report experiencing pain, exacerbated by minimally invasive techniques such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Despite this, many surgeons delay seeking medical assistance.

Modeling of truncated normal distribution for estimating hydraulic parameters in water distribution systems: taking nodal water demand as an example.

The normal probability density function (PDF) is widely used in parameter estimation in the modeling of dynamic systems, assuming that the random variables are distributed at infinite intervals. However, in practice, these random variables are usually distributed in a finite region confined by the physical process and engineering practice. In this study, we address this issue through the application of truncated normal PDF.

Discovery of (4-Pyrazolyl)-2-aminopyrimidines as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2.

CDK2 is a critical regulator of the cell cycle. For a variety of human cancers, the dysregulation of CDK2/cyclin E1 can lead to tumor growth and proliferation. Historically, early efforts to develop CDK2 inhibitors with clinical applications proved unsuccessful due to challenges in achieving selectivity over off-target CDK isoforms with associated toxicity.

The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for the Revisions of the T-Descriptors in the Forthcoming Ninth Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer.

Introduction: An international database was created by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer to inform on the ninth edition of the TNM classification of lung cancer. The present analyses concern its T component.

Methods: Data on 124,581 patients diagnosed with lung cancer from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2019 were submitted to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer database.

Impact of Injection-Based Delivery Parameters on Local Distribution Volume of Ethyl-Cellulose Ethanol Gel in Tissue and Tissue Mimicking Phantoms.

Objective: Local drug delivery aims to minimize systemic toxicity by preventing off-target effects; however, injection parameters influencing depot formation of injectable gels have yet to be thoroughly studied. We explored the effects of needle characteristics, injection depth, rate, volume, and polymer concentration on gel ethanol distribution in both tissue and phantoms.

Methods: The polymer ethyl cellulose (EC) was added to ethanol to form an injectable gel to ablate cervical precancer and cancer.

Surgery for M1A Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Additional Pulmonary Nodules in a Contralateral Lobe.

Introduction: Limited consensus exists on the optimal treatment strategy for clinical M1a non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presenting as a primary tumor with additional intrapulmonary nodules in a contralateral lobe ("M1a-Contra"). This study sought to compare long-term survival of patients with M1a-Contra tumors receiving multimodal therapy with versus without thoracic surgery.

Methods: Overall survival of patients with cT1-4, N0-3, M1a NSCLC with contralateral intrapulmonary nodules who received surgery as part of multimodal therapy ("Thoracic Surgery") versus systemic therapy with or without radiation ("No Thoracic Surgery") in the National Cancer Database from 2010 to 2015 was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox proportional hazards modeling, and propensity score matching.